Nonprofit Nongovernmental Organizations Research Articles

Modern Marketing and Involvement of the Audience of Non-Profit Organizations in Communication in Social Networks

Aim. The presented study aims to describe the process of involving the target audience of nonprofit organizations in communication in social networks from the perspective of modern marketing goals.Tasks. The author conceptualizes the notions of “involvement” and “engagement” as mechanisms of marketing communications; determines the range of methods and tools used by non-profit organizations in their marketing practices to enhance the engagement of the target audience in communication in social networks; assesses the degree of engagement of the target audience of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in social networks in the context of industry-specific features and the NPO’s location in order to analyze efforts aimed at involving the audience in communication in social networks through the example of non-profit organizations in the city of Perm.Methods. In modern marketing theory, the shift of the marketing paradigm towards continuous interaction between companies and customers at each stage of their contact with the organization appears imminent. It becomes necessary to maintain a certain level of customer engagement in communication as a cognitive and behavioral construct of the communication process. In this regard, the methodological basis of the study is determined by cognitive and behavioral approaches as key theoretical constructs in the representation of the phenomenon of involvement of the target audience in the communication process.Results. Marketing tools for involving the target audience of non-profit organizations in communication in social networks at each stage of the customer journey are identified; the degree of involvement of the target audience in communication with Perm’s socially oriented non-profit organizations (SO NPOs) in such social networks as VKontakte and Instagram is characterized from the perspective of consolidating the scientific view on the specifics of marketing goals for promoting organizations in the non-profit sector. The author substantiates the need for a systematic diagnosis of the conditions that determine the degree of the audience’s engagement in communication in social networks from the perspective of marketing goals for attracting public attention to the activities of civil institutions.Conclusions. The features of communication with the target audience on social network platforms in the marketing practice of promotion are identified with allowance for the industry-specific features of non-governmental non-profit organizations and their location. It is established that higher engagement of the target audience in communication in social networks is characterized by consistency in information placement; broad coverage of the community audience in a social network, which is estimated by the number of subscribers; posts being viewed by a great number of people, far exceeding the number of subscribers; many likes on community posts; presence of comments and reposts; a link from the social network to the official website of the SO NPO; attraction and use of user content in the community; horizontal connections within the community, networking.

Методологія дослідження феномену самоврядності в контексті політико-правового дискурсу

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of the institution of self-government in the conditions of modern political and legal discourse, determined by the gradual transition to the system of state and public administration. Self-government is implemented through self-governing organizations that unite self-regulation entities by spheres (branches) of their activities, industry, professional characteristics. A self-governing organization is created in the form of a non-governmental non-profit organization based on the membership of the relevant self-regulation entities in it. The balance between the institution of self-government and the state is an important factor in stable democratic development, and its violation leads to hypertrophy of power structures, alienation and political impotence of the people. The institution of self-government and the public sector must form a single balanced system of public life. At the same time, they are fundamentally different. In particular, this is due to the fact that the activities of the institution of self-government are primarily focused on the creation of social systems and connections based on beliefs. The influence and authority of the institution of self-government is based on its ability to appeal to the traditions, values and benefits of society. On the other hand, the general government sector relies on the existing political system that ensures the activities of this sector. It has been established that the main goal of self-government is the qualitative development of the relevant sphere, as well as the achievement of a balance between the interests of an autonomous subject and the interests of the state. The system of self-government of any kind of activity should not be drawn into the political processes of the state by any forces. The modernization of the institution of self-government is a permanent process of the development of civil society and the improvement of the country's political system through the implementation of the most relevant ideas, mechanisms and tools.

Taxation of non-profit organizations and tax assignments in the Visegrad countries

The tax regime and the subsequent funding of non-governmental non-profit organizations through the institution of tax assignations in the Visegrad countries is the main topic of this paper.The issue of taxation is discussed with the aim of proposing changes and recommendations and reducing administrative costs of non-profit organizations in the Czech Republic. In the area of financing, the issue of tax assignations as one of the options of state financial support for the non-profit sector is explored.They are not introduced in the Czech Republic, however, in the other countries of the Visegrad countries this institution is already incorporated into their tax systems. The aim of the paper is to confirm or possibly refute the benefits of the concept of tax assignations for the current Czech tax system. The impacts of the introduction of tax assignations are identified on the basis of comparison of tax models. Analysis of statistical data was used to explore whether tax assignations affected the amount of transfers to non-governmental organizations and whether tax assignations could be an additional source of funding for non-profit organizations in the Czech Republic.

AMiTaNS - Euro-American Consortium for Promoting the Application of Mathematics in Technical and Natural Sciences - Retrospection, Present and Future

The Euro-American Consortium for Promotion of the Application of Mathematics in Technical and Natural Sciences was founded in 2008 as a non-governmental non-profit organization in order to foster the scientific activity and informal international exchange. Since then a main tool to realize this intention and idea became an annual conference called AMiTaNS.

Status of Third Sector Entities in the State and Society

Abstract The basic definition of the third sector comes from the sectoral division of the Slovak economy. The sectoral breakdown of the economy operates with concepts such as the public sector, the private sector, and the third sector(1). Civil society represents the third sector of society that exists alongside the state and the market. The third sector is a commonly used term for all non-governmental organizations in the Slovak Republic. Their legal form may vary. This sector is characterized by the existence of organizations that have a formal structure, non-state character, do not aim to make a profit, are independent, operate on a self-governing basis and are voluntary. The existence of non-governmental organizations and their participation in the life of society characterizes every civil society. One type of such organizations are non-profit organizations, the scope of which is regulated by the Act no. 213/1997 Coll. on Non-profit Organizations Providing Services of General Interest, as amended. They represent non-governmental non-profit organizations operating in civil society. The register of these legal entities operating in the territory of the Slovak Republic is provided by the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the existence and scope of non-profit organizations in civil society, to analyze the legal forms of their functioning, through analysis of current legislation, available literary sources with emphasis on analysis of development and employment in non-profit organizations providing public services in the territory of the Slovak Republic in the defined period from 2016 to 2018. According to the latest available data as of 31 December 2018(2), there were 66 926 non-profit organizations registered and operating in the Slovak Republic, employing an average of 39 706 employees, while there were 3 272 of non-profit organizations providing services of general interest. The system of remuneration of employees of non-profit organizations is regulated by legislation in two ways. If the non-profit organization is not established by law, municipality, higher territorial unit or state, then it is possible to apply Act no. 311/2001 Coll. Labor Code as amended. Otherwise, if the nonprofit organization is established by law, wich means that the employee performs work in accordance with the law in the public interest, the procedure for his remuneration is in accordance with the Act no. 553/2003 Coll. on Remuneration of Certain Employees in the Performance of Work in the Public Interest and on Amendments to Certain Acts, as amended.

Accounting and analytical support of fundraising operations in organizations of non-profit sector of the economy

In the modern world, organizations that have based their activities not on economic but social benefits are becoming more widespread. Non-governmental non-profit organizations bring together individuals and/or entities for meeting economic, public, social, cultural, environmental and other interests, needs for political will, religious service, etc. Such organizationsare usually not commercially active, so finding sources of funding or fundraising is an important component of their business activity. Different types of funding sources and different approaches to attracting such funding can be applied to each type of non-governmental non-profit organization. Accounting of such funding and the cost of its finding is the core of transparent activity of these organizations and reflection of the results of their work. The purpose of the research is to explore the accounting and analytical support for the implementation of fundraising in non-governmental non-profit organizations. The article describes the concept of fundraising as an activity of finding and raising funds for the realization of social functions by non-governmental non-profit organizations. Types of non-governmental non-profit organizations in Ukraine and abroad are investigated, methods of fundraising implementation are disclosed. The nomenclature of expenses on fundraising, the procedure for recognizing such expenses and reflection in accounting of non-governmental non-profit organizations are defined. The location of the cost of searching funding in the transaction costs of the organization is determined.

On informational-communicative interaction of subjects of innovation process: national and international experience

Problem setting. The innovative development of society necessitates the functioning of a network that would ensure effective communication between the subjects of the innovation process. In this aspect, the issue of information and communication between the subjects of the innovation process becomes especially important. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of creation and specifics of functioning of separate subjects of innovation infrastructure were investigated by such legal scholars as S.V. Glibko [1], I.V. Podrez-Ryapolova, A.M. Ljubcic, V.F. Savchenko, M.G. Dolgopolov and others. Target of research is to analyze the activities of networks of individual actors in the innovation process on the example of science parks, business incubators and business angels. Article’s main body. In Ukraine, the science park is one of the most common subjects of the innovation process. At the same time, there is no single network of science parks in Ukraine that would provide interaction between these subjects of the innovation process. Instead, several networks of science parks operate effectively at the international level. In addition, today a network of business incubators (startup incubators) “YEP!” is successfully operating in Ukraine as an influential subject of the innovation process. The third subject of the innovation process, which was studied in the article, is a business angel as an individual, who invests in high-risk, mainly innovative, small and medium enterprises and startups. Conclusions and prospects for the development. As a result, the author concludes that ensuring the implementation of information and communication interaction between the subjects of the innovation process is the key to the effectiveness of their functioning. Today, international networks of business angels, business incubators and science parks operate in the world in the form of non-governmental non-profit organizations and providing education, information and communication, representation and investment services to their members.

Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta

Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition (Anak-Anak dalam Kondisi Khusus dan Rentan or AKKR) are children who must receive assistance and motivation to achieve their rights. In practice in real life, they are temporarily forced to be in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA) as a result of violating the law. It should not make them shunned, but instead, they must be assisted. Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition need enforcement of the fulfillment of their rights. The existence of Sahabat Kapas as a nonprofit non-governmental organization (NGO) located in Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia, provides concerns and solicitudes for Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition. This research aims to analyze and describe the forms of social practice based on habitus in Sahabat Kapas organization. This research used a qualitative research method with Bourdieu’s genetic structuralism approach. Informants were determined using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was performed using participant observation techniques in the field, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data were analyzed in three stages, including data reduction, data presentation, and ended with concluding. Data were verified by source triangulation. The results showed that Sahabat Kapas became an alternative to assist Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition conducted in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA). The social practices conducted by Sahabat Kapas in assisting Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition are following the capital they have and the history of the habitus they conduct. Relational social capital is at stake by assistants with prison officers and how to build relationships with children. Economic capital refers to the efforts made by Sahabat Kapas to get funds to support assistance through entrepreneurship and opening donations. Cultural capital includes the whole intellectual/knowledge gained by assistance through training that is useful to assist children in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA). Symbolic capital is manifested in the form of awards from the government for Sahabat Kapas and assistance awards for children in the form of gifts.

Application of IFRS by non-profit organizations

Federal accounting standards (hereinafter — FAS) are included in the Federal law “on accounting” as part of the basic documents in the field of accounting regulation. They are mandatory and must be developed on the basis of international standards (IFRS). The FAS is approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, which is the authorized Federal body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation in accordance with the program for developing Federal standards. At the same time, there are diferent Programs for non-governmental non-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations in the public sector. The issue of transition to IFRS in accounting in the Russian Federation has been discussed for several years. However, the mass transition to IFRS of accounting entities was delayed. This article discusses the practical application of IFRS by nonprofit organizations (including public sector organizations).

Relacja między kryminologią a prawem karnym – przydatność wyników badań kryminologicznych dla prawa karnego

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The essence of cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency pricing model.

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Financing of a Non-governmental Non-profit Organization from the State Budget

This contribution deals with the non-profit sector, where the author primarily mentions the differences between private and public non-profit organizations. The author will focus mainly on issues related with the funding of a non-governmental non-profit organization including their possible participation in the national budget of the Czech Republic. The author will also deal with the position of a non-governmental non-profit organization as a subject of law, which in the theory of financial law and specifically in the subsector of tax law “occupies” the position of a public benefit taxpayer [Law on income tax, Section 17a]. The main aim of the contribution is to use graphs and data to define which resources a non-governmental non-profit organization uses for its existence. In the last part of the article, the author using methods of comparison and deduction use states specific example of a non-governmental non-profit organization and its participation in the budget of the Czech Republic.

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF ADVOCACY IN THE STATE

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issue of determining the role and place of the bar in the state. The urgency of this issue was a consequence of the adoption in June 2016 of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (regarding justice)" of 02.06.2016 № 1401-VIII. Summary of the main research results. According to which the Constitution of Ukraine was supplemented by Article 131-2, which stipulates that the bar operates in Ukraine to provide professional legal assistance, and only a lawyer represents another person in court, as well as protection from criminal charges, except in certain cases. Thus, the bar, together with the prosecutor's office, was included in the justice system. Thus, the bar becomes one of the key elements of the justice system in Ukraine, as the most important constitutional function of the bar is to ensure the right to protection from criminal prosecution and representation of individuals and legal entities in court. By delegating the relevant function of the bar, the state must ensure a high level of professional legal assistance provided by lawyers, which, in turn, has a significant impact on the quality of justice and the exercise of the right to a fair trial. By delegating the relevant function of the bar, the state must ensure a high level of professional legal assistance provided by lawyers, which, in turn, has a significant impact on the quality of justice and the exercise of the right to a fair trial. At the same time, the Constitution of Ukraine provides for the independence of the bar, and the current Law of Ukraine "On Advocacy and Advocacy" generally indicates that the Bar of Ukraine is a non-governmental self-governing institution. Conclusions. The Ukrainian Bar is a professional public association. The National Bar Association of Ukraine is recognized as a non-governmental non-profit professional organization. In turn, the bar is endowed with public law functions, and the inclusion of non-state actors in the system of public power is designed to create an effective mechanism of public control over the activities of the state.

#Metoo/#Aidtoo and Creating an Intersectional Feminist NPO/NGO Sector

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to explore the implications of #metoo and #aidtoo for understanding nonprofit/nongovernmental organization (NPO/NGO) theory and practice. We provide an overview of how women have experienced sexual violence in the context of NPOs/NGOs and draw on an intersectional feminist theory lens to highlight the context that enables violence to persist, and which requires more than implementing bureaucratic accountability reforms. We end by discussing potential avenues for creating change to end such violence.

FINANCING THE PATRONIZED GOODS IN THE HUMANITARIAN SECTOR OF ECONOMY (Experience of Institutional Research)

The article presents the rationale for the investment activity of the state, directly aimed at the realization of the society’s interests, as well as for the reform activities, the task of which is to modernize the institutional environment in order to maximally harmonize the interests of society and economic agents. Within the framework of the first direction, an original approach and a corresponding method of determining the volume of public investment to producers of patronized goods in the humanitarian sector are proposed, based on an assessment of the necessary compensation of the deficit in their income, arising as a result of objective economic patterns and social norms, established by the state. Within the framework of the second direction the need for institutional changes is discussed, which pushes the state to reform existing institutions in order to generate additional motivation for expanding the production of patronized goods, as a result of the maximum possible convergence of interests of economic agents and society as a whole. It is about creating economic incentives and generally favorable conditions for attracting to the humanitarian sector, including non-governmental non-profit organizations, as well as commercial organizations that have their own interests, sometimes far from the public goals of increasing human capital. As a general vector of institutional modernization of the conditions of cultural, educational and scientific activities, it was recommended to use institutions of individual budget assignments, tax benefits, marked taxes and endowment funds. The final part of the research is devoted to analyzing the consequences of the “flaw in public choice” – the proclamation of a growing number of journal publications and the peculiarities of institutional modernization of science, including the “journal reform”, as a public interest. It was recommended to develop a Federal program of state support to the scientific journals, ensuring their efficient operation, including paying fees to authors and reviewers, as well as allocating targeted subsidies to university and academic research libraries to pay for subscriptions to major scientific journals.

Comprehensive Universities Timetabling Nexus Productivity

ABSTRACTThe present study explores the link between the productivity of comprehensive universities (CUs) and the timetables guiding teaching and learning activities. The study was premised on review of relevant literature. The findings indicate that partnership between CUs and relevant tertiary institution stakeholders such as non-governmental organizations, non-profit organizations and charity organizations is a major determining factor for improvement in the learning abilities of students and enhancement of the desired developments in the host communities. The finding further shows that for such partnerships between CUs and the identified organizations to be well organized without infringement from any party and eventually become productive, the timetables guiding activities within and outside the institution of learning under the guidance of the universities and the organizations are to be well structured. Sequel to the findings, the study recommends amongst others that timetables which promote work-integrated learning should be encouraged. Also, timetables guiding teaching and learning activities in CUs should be designed to enhance the learning abilities and studiabilities of students against all odds by taking into consideration necessary factors like availability of venue, lecturers and students, considering their location and time of lecture.

How Formal and Informal Institutional Environments Affect The Way Greenpeace Fights Genetically-Modified Organisms in Europe and The United States

We applied institutional theory to examine the effect of differences in institutional pressures on strategic decisions of a non-profit non-governmental organization, Greenpeace, in its fight to stop the use of genetically-modified organisms. The effects of differences in institutional pressures were examined through examining differences between the United States and the European Union as well as between two European nations, France and Spain, in Greenpeace’s strategy. We suggested that formal and informal institutional pressures influence strategic decision-making in Greenpeace’s independent national units. We proposed that the US differs from the EU in both formal and informal institutional environments, Spain and France differ in the informal dimension, and these differences are reflected in Greenpeace’s strategies. We also argued that Greenpeace exemplifies the successful use of a transnational strategy and discussed that non-profits may be better able to adopt a transnational strategy than do for-profits. To cite this document: Stephen R. Luxmore and Clyde Eirikur Hull, Are Non-Profits Better at Adopting a Transnational Strategy Than For-Profits? How Environments Affect the Way Greenpeace Fights Genetically-Modified Organisms in Europe and the United States, Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 225-252, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.17889

Dynamic monitoring of iodine sufficiency in Belarus: results and problems

The strategy for elimination of iodine deficiency in the population was developed and implemented in the Republic of Belarus. It is based on acceptance of recommendations that iodized salt is a unique source of iodine support. Currently, adequate iodine consumption is achieved. The prevalence of thyroid gland diseases caused by iodine deficiency was significantly decreased. In 2013, the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD), a global non-profit non-governmental organization established to eliminate iodine deficiency and its negative consequences, published the results of iodine status assessment in the world. According to these data, the Republic of Belarus provides adequate iodine intake. In 2016, Iodine Global Network published maps characterizing iodine supply for the two main categories — school-age children and pregnant females. These data have confirmed that the Republic of Belarus refers to countries with sufficient iodine consumption according to the results of subnational studies. Despite the achieved successes, new issues are raised: quality of iodine sufficiency monitoring, risks of excessive salt intake, and need for new approaches to diagnosing thyroid pathology due to iodine deficiency.

Innovative Practices Of Socially Oriented Non-Profit Organizations On Family And Children's Affairs In Russia

The activities of non-governmental non-profit organizations in the Russian Federation. The work of socially-oriented non-governmental non-profit organizations with families and children is considered in more detail. The statistical data of the Ministry of Justice for the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation are taken as a basis. The Object of the Study. Socially-oriented non-governmental non-profit organizations with families and children registered in the territory of the Russian Federation. The Subject of the Study. Innovative practices of socially-oriented non-profit organizations for family and children in Russia. The Purpose of the Study is reviewing innovative practices of socially-oriented non-profit organizations for family and children in Russia. The Theoretical Aspect of the subject is studing conceptual approaches to the study of the activities of socially-oriented non-state non-profit organizations with families and children in theoretical sociology. The Empirical Aspect of the Subject is studing innovative practices of socially-oriented non-profit organizations for family and children in Russia for empirical measurements.The Main Theoretical Provisions of the Article are practices of socially-oriented non-profit organizations as a functional aspect of studying the activities of these organizations in Russia. The role of the non-profit sector in the development of the country's economy is revealed. Programs of state support for socially-oriented non-profit organizations are analyzed. The subjects of the Russian Federation are singled out - the leaders in terms of the number of non-profit organizations and the number of NGOs working with families and children. The article describes and classifies the areas of activity of non-profit organizations for working with families and children, and innovative models of this kind of activity are identified. As a result of the analysis, a number of systemic problems are highlighted that can hamper the development of socially-oriented non-profit organizations aimed at supporting families and children. When working on this research specific methods of document analysis were used: traditional (primary) document analysis as well as secondary, comparative analysis. Thus, a "triangular approach" is applied to research innovative practices of socially oriented non-profit organizations.

International Clinical Trials in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: Research and Development to Meet Local Health Needs.

Introduction: Although international health research involves some benefits for the host countries, such as access to innovative treatments, the research itself may not be aligned with their communities' actual health needs.Objective: To map the global landscape of clinical trials run in Latin American and Caribbean countries and discuss the addressing of local health needs in the agenda of international clinical trials.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional overview and used data referent to studies registered between 01/01/2014 and 12/31/2014 in the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP).Results: Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and asthma—studies which were financed mainly by industries—were the conditions investigated most in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. The neglected diseases, on the other hand, such as Chagas disease, and dengue, made up 1% of the total number of studies. Hospitals and nonprofit nongovernmental organizations prioritize resources for investigating new drugs for neglected diseases, such as Chagas disease and dengue.Conclusion: The international multicenter clinical trials for investigating new drugs are aligned with the health needs of the region of Latin America and the Caribbean, when one considers the burden resulting from the non-communicable diseases in this region. However, the transmissible diseases, such as tuberculosis and AIDS, and the neglected diseases, such as Chagas disease and dengue, which have an important impact on public health in this region, continue to arouse little interest among the institutions which finance the clinical trials.