Non-professional Use Research Articles

3D scanner characterisation for Open Design

The 3D laser scanning technology has been reached by more and more users in the last years, thanks to a new market of low cost devices, more affordable for simple, non-professional use. The educational use is one of such environments, and its didactics purposes gives the opportunity to test new technology from a variety of different point of views. 3D laser scanning, for example, is very promising in environments like Design university education, where the control of the shape of an object is one of the topics discussed in courses, and one of the main focuses of the product design profession. This paper describes the use of this technology in students and research lab, and its metrological characterization, especially on the relationship between performances and object optical characteristics (like gloss and color), object position and ambient lighting. It is to keep in mind that, in a student lab, geometry reverse acquisition is one of the activities done to understand products layout: the knowledge of influences of surrounding and material characteristics on scanner performances is a key factor to improve the performance when low cost scanner are involved. The characterization performed gave the opportunity to students to test how such devices work, the output reliability, which are the inherent issues and what kind of strategies should be introduced to enhance the scanning quality, indeed one of the main problems of these low cost devices.

Pressure of non-professional use of pesticides on operators, aquatic organisms and bees in Belgium

Various studies focus on professional pesticide use, whereas pressure of non-professional use on human and the environment is often neglected. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the pressure of non-professional use of pesticides on operators, aquatic organisms and bees in Belgium based on sales figures and by using three exposure models. A classification in non-professional use was made based on type of pesticide, application method and on intensity of non-professional use. Pressure of non-professional use on operators is highest for intensive operators, caused by the use of insecticides in an aerosol spray can. Pressure of non-professional pesticides on aquatic life is mainly generated by the use of herbicides. The aerosol spray induces the highest pressure whereas the trigger application hardly affects operator and environmental exposure. The ordinary non-professional user generates most pressure on aquatic organisms. Pressure of non-professional pesticides on bees is mainly caused by the use of insecticides, especially the active substance imidacloprid in combination with the aerosol spray can application method applied by an intensive operator. In general, both total usage (kg) and pressure of pesticides decreased for the period 2005 to 2012 due to efforts made by the government and industry. The results of this study suggest to pay special attention to aerosol spray applications and the non-professional use of insecticides.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio phenotype: association with atherogenic lipid profile in Han adolescents.

The present study demonstrates that HWHtR phenotype is a simple marker for identifying adolescents with atherogenic lipid profile. Compared with HW phenotype, HWHtR phenotype is a non-age-dependent index with higher applicability to screen for cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. • The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is represented by the simultaneous presence of elevated serum triacylglycerol and increased waist circumference. Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype can identify adolescents with metabolic syndrome. But the cutoffs of waist circumference are age- and gender-specific standards and are less feasible for non-professional use. • The present study demonstrates that hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio phenotype is a simple marker for identifying adolescents with atherogenic lipid profile. Compared with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio phenotype is a non-age-dependent index with higher applicability to screen for cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.

Technical analysis and re-design of a screw log splitter: new methods of risk management

In the recent years, the proper design of agricultural machines for both professional and non-professional use has assumed a relevant role in workers protection and accident avoidance. The activities related to cutting and sawing of firewood is the main cause of injuries or death of the operator. This is often due to the use of inadequately built or modified machines, improper use of equipment and use of tools intended for other purposes. This study aimed to design a conical screw log splitter that meets the criteria of the European Directive 2006/42/EC and the technical standards of EN 609-2:1999+A1:2009(E) guideline. For a proper design we determined the forces that influence the machine during its use, and sized the machine accordingly. The log splitter was scanned and digitalized in three dimensions. From the digital model we obtained a real model in 5:1 scale. Comparing the created log splitter with other solutions available on the market we confirmed its similar costs with the costs of tools currently marketed. The productivity of the machine was only slightly lower than that of machines not equipped with protections, but its safety was significantly improved.

Kolportaż druków muzycznych przez Drukarnię W. Deckera w świetle anonsów prasowych i jego wpływ na kształtowanie kultury muzycznej Wielkopolan

Drukarnia W. Deckera była bardzo znanym zakładem typograficznym w Poznaniu okresu zaborów. W artykule omówiono pomijaną dotychczas jej działalność księgarską. Obejmowała ona kolportaż druków muzycznych sprowadzanych głównie z Lipska. Badając ten problem, przeprowadzono kwerendę prasową, która dała dość zaskakujące wyniki. Odkryto nieznane do tej pory, samoistne, obszerne katalogi księgarskie. Zawierają one informacje o drukach muzycznych dostępnych w sprzedaży. Zestaw oferowanych nut był bardzo duży. Począwszy od druków pedagogicznych, poprzez nuty przeznaczone dla amatorów, po partytury dla zespołów zawodowych. Wśród proponowanych utworów przeważają dzieła najnowsze, skomponowane po roku 1800. Mimo iż większość nazwisk występujących w katalogach nie jest dzisiaj znana publiczności, poszczególne spisy przekazują informacje o muzyce wartościowej. Wiele dzieł odegrało rolę w rozwoju muzyki i kształtowaniu gustów muzycznych Wielkopolan.

FREQUENT USE OF HOUSEHOLD CLEANING SPRAYS AND DECREASES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN SAPALDIA

Background and Aims: Household cleaning products are an indoor source of exposure to volatile organic compounds and toxic air contaminants. We investigated if non-professional use of household cleaning and air freshening sprays, and scented products was associated with reduced heart rate variability in the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA). Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 24-hour electrocardiograms were recorded in 580 randomly selected SAPALDIA participants • 50 years of age, who also reported cleaning activities in their homes. Of the 580 participants, 515 reported use of any household spray or scented product, and 65 did not report use to any product and were considered unexposed. Adjusted average percent changes in standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals in 24-hours (24-hr SDNN), total power (TP), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) were estimated in association with frequency (< 1, 1-3, and 4-7 days/week, unexposed as reference) of using cleaning sprays, air freshening sprays, and scented products in separate multiple linear regression models after adjustment for potential confounders. Smoking status, markers of systemic inflammation, and presence of chronic airways disease were evaluated for effect modification. Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) decreases in 24-hr SDNN and TP were observed in association with frequent use of all products of interest. Relative to unexposed subjects, the strongest reductions in 24-hr SDNN (-12.2%, 95%CI: -20.6 – -2.0%) and TP (-28.8%, 95%CI: -45.7– -7.7%) were observed in subjects who used air freshening sprays 4-7 days/week. The inverse effects from using cleaning and air freshening sprays, and scented products on 24-SDNN, TP, LF, and HF were observed mainly in subjects present with chronic airways disease. Conclusions: Chronic use of household cleaning spray products may affect autonomic dysfunction in older adults, and those with pre-existing pulmonary conditions may be more susceptible.

Percepção de voz e qualidade de vida em idosos professores e não professores

The aim of this article is to compare elder teachers (GP) and non-teachers' (GNP) scores from the voice related quality of life (VR-QOL) protocol and verify the relation between these scores, chronological age and voice change perception. Data from the vocal change perception was collected in 47 subjects, 23 GP and 24 GNP, over 65 years old, both sexes, and the VR-QOL protocol has been applied. There was no significant difference between the score of the two groups or between these scores and the voice change perception. There was a positive correlation (p=0.039) between chronological age and the VR-QOL physical domain scores for the GP. There was significant difference between the two groups of subjects that realized the vocal change, for the VR-QOL answers to questions 2 (p=0.02), 4 (p=0.007), 5 (p=0.012) and 9 (p=0.002). In both groups, the impact of the voice changes was higher in the VR-QOL physical than in the socio-emotional domain. The self perception of vocal aging was related to the professional or non-professional use of the voice. Teachers, apart from having this perception had more problems in the VR-QOL questions of the physical domain, related to the professional requests. Non-teachers that noticed the vocal aging had difficulties with the socio-emotional and physical aspects.

Anywhere But the Home: The Promiscuous Afterlife of Super 8

Anywhere But the Home: The Promiscuous Afterlife of Super 8

Unconsumed precursors and couplers after formation of oxidative hair dyes

Contact allergy to hair dye ingredients, especially precursors and couplers, is a well-known entity among consumers having hair colouring done at home or at a hairdresser. The aim of the present investigation was to estimate consumer exposure to some selected precursors (p-phenylenediamine, toluene-2,5-diamine) and couplers (3-aminophenol, 4-aminophenol, resorcinol) of oxidative hair dyes during and after hair dyeing. Concentrations of unconsumed precursors and couplers in 8 hair dye formulations for non-professional use were investigated, under the conditions reflecting hair dyeing. Oxidative hair dye formation in the absence of hair was investigated using 6 products, and 2 products were used for experimental hair dyeing. In both presence and absence of hair, significant amounts of unconsumed precursors and couplers remained in the hair dye formulations after final colour development. Thus, up to 1.1% p-phenylenediamine (PPD), 0.04% toluene-2,5-diamine, 0.02% 3-aminophenol and 0.02% resorcinol were found in the hair dye formulation after the required colour was developed. The consumers are thus exposed to precursors and couplers of oxidative hair dyes, both during and after hair dyeing, when the hair is washed. Furthermore, the consumers are also expected to be exposed to intermediates of oxidative hair dyes. The allergenic potential of oxidative hair dyes as well as the intermediates of these remains unknown.

Epidemiology of domestic chemical burns in Saudi Arabia

The authors reviewed the domestic chemical injury experience in two major government hospitals in Saudi Arabia to determine the most common causative agents and the circumstances of the injury in order to give recommendations for their prevention and reduction of their morbidity. A total of 59 cases were included. The mean age was 25 years and the male to female ratio was 3:1. Alkali drain cleaners were the major cause of chemical burns in the series and this was seen in 75% of the total study population. The remaining 25% of cases resulted from concentrated sulfuric acid, car battery acid and topical application of medical herbs by non-professionals. Unfortunately, immediate water lavage was not done in the majority of alkali and acid burns and hence skin grafting was required in most patients. It was concluded that efforts for prevention of chemical burns in Saudi Arabia should be directed towards education of the population regarding the proper use of alkali cleaners for clogged drains. These cleaners and battery acid containers should also be kept in a safe place away from the reach of children. Furthermore, a warning to the public regarding the non-professional use of medical herbs should be given. Finally, increased awareness among the Saudi population as to the need for prompt water irrigation of chemical burns should help reduce the morbidity from these injuries.

塗装膜除去後リサイクルしたＡＺ９１Ｄマグネシウム合金の耐食性および引張特性

It was intended by a recycling process of professional use video camera scraps to obtain ingots that satisfy the JIS for chemical composition of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The paint finishing was removed firstly by a shot blast method and the scraps were melted. The removal decreases the generation of toxic gases during heating stage. The recovery rate of metals is remarkably improved to be more than 80% due to depression of Mg oxidation accompanied by the paint combustion. The chemical composition of recycled ingots meets the JIS and such impurities detrimental for corrosion resistance as Fe, Ni and Cr are little contained. The corrosion resistance of recycled specimens exhibits the same level as a virgin AZ91D magnesium alloy. Their tensile properties satisfy the JIS for castings, and their 0.2% proof stress is higher than that of specimens recycled from non-professional use video cameras.

ＡＺ９１Ｄマグネシウム合金製ダイカスト薄肉塗装材のリサイクル

A new recycling process for the thin wall AZ91D magnesium die-castings with paint-finishing was developed in order to avoid contamination by impurities and the generation of harmful gases. Slow heating up of the scrap from room temperature results in generation of a large quantity of harmful gases. However, when a virgin ingot with the same weight as the scraps is firstly melted and then scraps are directly charged into the melt, the generation of the harmful gases are extremely reduced. But some of the involatile ingredients of the paint contaminate the melt. Therefore, a sound ingot is successfully produced by increasing the killing time after the flux treatment and removing the slug from the top and bottom of the crucible before casting. Tensile properties of the recycled ingots satisfy the JIS values. The ingot recycled from scraps of the components of video for non-professional use indicates the same level of corrosion behavior with the virgin material. Whereas the ingot recycled from scraps of those for professional use shows a poor corrosion behavior. The paint film of the professional use video components is thick and, therefore, impurities such as Fe, Ni and Cr from undercoating and paint remarkably contaminate the melt. This increases the amount of crystallized Al–Mn compound containing these impurities. As a result the recycled ingot from scraps of the professional use video components exhibits the poor corrosion behavior.

Peer‐tutored Cued Spelling with Seven‐to Nine‐year‐olds

It is now relatively rare to find a school where parental involvement does not figure in stated policy. Some schools have dabbled for decades in parental involvement in reading, but since 1980 more schools have been looking to refine organisation of their schemes. Techniques have been developed which are not merely watered down versions of traditional teacher practice, such as Paired Reading (Morgan, 1986) and Pause Prompt and Praise (Glynn et al., 1987). This expansion of interest has spilled over into peer tutoring, a method sporadically in and out of fashion over decades but now seen as a powerful educational tool when well organised by professionals (Topping, 1987). Given success of simple, but structured, techniques designed for non-professional use such as Paired Reading, it was clearly desirable to develop a parallel technique applicable to spelling. Thus Cued Spelling procedure was designed. The assumption that children predominantly use visual information in spelling irregular words and auditory information in spelling regular words was disproved by Turner & Quinn (1986), who studied spelling behaviour of 100 boys aged 7-11 years. These workers found that younger children tended to rely on auditory information irrespective of nature of word, while for older children visual information produced better results. The authors conclude: the learner must draw on several strategies... no single strategy can be used to overcome all irregularities in written English. Spellers can therefore be presumed to manipulate phonetic, visual, syntactic and semantic aspects of a word idiosyncratically. The suggestion that students be permitted to select their own spelling words as a means of improving motivation and accommodating to individual learning styles has become more common. Michael (1986) reports that when pupils were allowed to select their own spelling lists, self-selected words were longer and more complicated than those previously presented by teacher, but were nevertheless retained to same degree. Scruggs and his co-workers carried out a series of studies on mnemonic strategies (e.g. Scruggs & Laufenberg, 1986), and emphasised importance of transforming stimuli into more meaningful representations 63