non-Newtonian Blood Flow Research Articles

Evaluation of Non-Newtonian Blood Flow Through the Artery with Prescribed Non-Uniform Wall Heat Flux for Biomedical Application

Evaluation of Non-Newtonian Blood Flow Through the Artery with Prescribed Non-Uniform Wall Heat Flux for Biomedical Application

Stability analysis of non-Newtonian blood flow conveying hybrid magnetic nanoparticles as target drug delivery in presence of inclined magnetic field and thermal radiation: Application to therapy of cancer

Targeted drug delivery is one of the promising applications for cancer diagnosis and therapy, as magnetic nanoparticles can be used as therapeutic agents in presence of thermal radiation, and an inclined magnetic field. This article therefore aims to perform the stability analysis of the blood flow considered as a non-Newtonian Casson fluid transporting two types of magnetic nanoparticles, namely hematite and magnetite through an anisotropic porous artery. Starting from the Navier-Stokes equations to which the energy and Maxwell equations are added, a set of two eigenvalue equations governing the stability of the flow are obtained and solved numerically by the spectral collocation method. The impacts of different parameters such as volume fraction of magnetic nanoparticles, strouhal number, Casson, permeability, mechanical anisotropy, wave number, Hartmann number, direction of magnetic field and thermal radiation parameters on the stability of non-hybrid and hybrid suspensions are shown. The results show that the infusion of magnetic nanoparticles in the blood increases its inertia, which dampens the disturbances and delays the transition in the flow of the suspension. The Casson and mechanical anisotropy parameters maintain the instabilities which precipitate the nanoparticles and allow the flow to take place effortlessly in the horizontal direction. The wave number, Strouhal number and the permeability parameter have stabilizing effects on the dynamics of the two suspensions which prevents the approximation between the magnetic nanoparticles, thus avoiding the phenomenon of sedimentation of the nanoparticles in the blood vessels which would arise if the flow becomes turbulent. The direction of the magnetic field controls the flow by increasing the intensity of the Lorentz force. The magnetic field through the Lorentz force absorbs the kinetic energy of the flow which dampens the disturbances and thus prevents the transition in the flow. Thermal radiation dissipates temperature fluctuations which increases the volume of magnetic nanoparticles in the area where tumor tissue is located. The results have an important influence in medicine for the treatment of cancerous disease and arterial disease without the need for surgery, with can minimize the expenditures and post-surgical complications in patients.

Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Blood Rheology Inside a Model of Stenosis

In order to imitate the atherosclerosis artery disease and determine the key issues, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is able to play a leading rule in the analysis of flow physics within the clogged arteries, in particular the stenosis artery. The problem of blood flow blockage through the blood vessel has been investigated numerically within a stenosis artery. In this work, a CFD technique was employed to solve the three-dimensional, steady, laminar and non-Newtonian Carreau model blood flow through a stenosis artery using Star-CCM+ software. The shape of stenosis that has been selected is a trapezoidal with two cases (70% and 90% blockage). Shear rate, streamlines, vorticity and importance factor are examined to assess the influence of non-Newtonian model through the test section, the Carreau model was compared with Newtonian model. The clinical significance of the shear rate is reported for the examined cases, observing that the levels of non-Newtonian model are predicted to be higher in the 90% blockage than that observed within the 70%; the same finding as related with the axial velocity and vorticity. The levels of re-circulation areas and vorticity are showed to be enlarged in the Carreau model compared with the case of Newtonian.

Study of Non-Newtonian Blood Flow of Jeffrey Fluid in an Elastic Tube

Study of Non-Newtonian Blood Flow of Jeffrey Fluid in an Elastic Tube

Hemodynamic Analysis of VenaTech Convertible Vena Cava Filter Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.

The VenaTech convertible filter (VTCF) has been widely used as an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism in patients. However, its hemodynamics that greatly affect the filter efficacy and IVC patency are still unclear. This paper uses computational fluid dynamics with the Carreau model to simulate the non-Newtonian blood flows around the VTCF respectively deployed in the normal, reverse and three converted states in an IVC model. The results show that the prothrombotic stagnation zones are observed downstream from the normal, reverse and small open VTCFs, with the streamwise length is nearly eight times the IVC diameter. The no-slip boundary conditions of the thin-wire VTCF arms lead to the “viscous block” effect. The viscous block accelerates the blood flow by 5–15% inside the IVC and enhances the filter wall shear stress up to nearly 20 times that of the IVC only, which contributes to clot capture and thrombus lysis. The relative flow resistance is defined to evaluate the filter-induced resistance on the IVC blood flow that can be regarded as an index of IVC patency with the filter deployment. The flow resistance of the normal VTCF deployment increases dramatically by more than 60% compared with that of the IVC only and is a little higher (6%) than that of the reverse case. As the VTCF converts to a fully open configuration, the flow resistance gradually decreases to that of no filter. This work shows that even very thin VTCF arms can result in the viscous block effect and may cause significant hemodynamic impacts on clot capture, potential thrombosis and flow impedance inside the IVC. The present study also shows that CFD is a valuable and feasible in silico tool for analyzing the IVC filter hemodynamics to complement in vivo clinical and in vitro experimental studies.

Continuous trapping of bacteria in non-Newtonian blood flow using negative dielectrophoresis with quadrupole electrodes

Efficient trapping of bacteria from whole blood is essential for point-of-care diagnostics of sepsis at an early stage in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, low bacteria concentration and the presence of blood cells hinder the trapping efficiency of bacteria from whole blood. As red blood cells comprise 94.9% of total blood cells, lysing the red blood cells using saponin could effectively attenuate the influence of the blood component on the bacteria-trapping process. In this situation, long-range bacteria trapping from whole blood using a hybrid electrokinetic based lab-on-a-chip device becomes promising. In this paper, through developing a multi-physical lattice Boltzmann method with Langevin dynamics, the continuous trapping process of S. aureus in a microfluidic channel with quadrupole electrodes under combined alternating-current electrothermal electrohydrodynamic force and negative dielectrophoresis force is numerically investigated and optimized at various parametric conditions. Based on the statistical data, a stable bacteria recovery rate of 68.4%–74.5% is successfully achieved with respect to different bacteria densities under appropriate operational conditions of the designed lab-on-a-chip device. The current work demonstrates the potential of continuous bacteria trapping from whole blood using hybrid electrokinetic phenomena.

The impact of uniform magnetic field on the pulsatile non-Newtonian blood flow in an elastic stenosed artery

Since the effect of magnetic fields on blood flow is not fully understood or studied comprehensively, this paper, for the first time, addresses the effect of uniform magnetic fields with different intensities on the pulsatile non-Newtonian blood flow in an elastic artery with axially symmetrical single and double stenoses using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1. The results are suggestive that an increase in the percent stenosis increases the pressure drop, which is more dramatic in double stenosis. Moreover, for a given percent stenosis, increasing the Hartmann (Ha) number, in addition to increasing the pressure drop, increases the amount by which the pressure drop is raised. The shear stress results revealed that increasing the magnetic field intensity results in the reduction of the vortex region formed in the back of the stenosis, reducing the area prone to disease, which can resolve pathological issues. The impact of the magnetic field was found to be decreased by increasing the percent stenosis. It was also observed that the percentage difference between the maximum wall shear stresses for various percent stenoses is reduced by increasing the Ha number for both single and double stenoses.

Computational studies of comparative and cumulative effects of turbulence, fluid–structure interactions, and uniform magnetic fields on pulsatile non-Newtonian flow in a patient-specific carotid artery

Clinical evidence has shown that hemodynamics plays an important role in vascular diseases that hemodynamic parameters are highly dependent on the elasticity of the artery wall. Since so far, no study has not been done about turbulent and non-Newtonian blood flow in carotid artery under a magnetic field, in this study we use computational fluid dynamics and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models to study the hemodynamics of a patient-specific carotid artery. The comparative and cumulative effects of turbulence modeling, arterial wall elasticity, and magnetic field intensities are investigated by quantifying their effects on different variables of interest. These variables include blood pressure, time-averaged wall shear stress, relative residence time (RRT), and oscillating shear index (OSI), which are important in the onset and development of atherosclerosis. The results showed that the effects of turbulence are significant for predictions of OSI, while for other variables the turbulent simulation results were comparable to laminar simulations. The effects of wall elasticity were significant for all variables, such that FSI modeling will be essential for an accurate computational framework. The effects of magnetic fields were also found to be relatively significant. By increasing Hartman number from zero to five, the maximum shear stress was reduced by about 10%. Other effects of increased intensity of magnetic field included reduction in the average amount of RRT, sharp decrease in the OSI > 0 region, and transfer of maximum OSI from distal part of carotid sinus to the proximal part.

An implicit approach to the micropolar fluid model of blood flow under the effect of body acceleration

In the present study, the problem of simulating a non-Newtonian and two-dimensional blood flow in a flexible stenosed artery is examined by an implicit finite difference method. The streaming blood in the human artery is represented as a micropolar fluid. The governing non-Linear partial differential equations are modeled in cylindrical coordinates system and following a suitable radial coordinate transformation, they are solved numerically employing a Crank–Nicolson method with a suitable choice of initial and boundary conditions. An implicit approach is obtained for velocity distribution and the numerical solutions of flow rate and resistance impedance at the stenosis throat are founded by using velocity distribution. Effects of different types of tapered arteries, the stenosis and the amplitudes of body acceleration on the blood flow characteristics are presented graphically and discussed briefly. The motion of the arterial wall is paid due attention by comparing the blood flow characteristics through the elastic artery with the rigid ones. It is observed that the obtained results are in good agreement with previously conducted studies.

Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Blood Flow through a Tapered Stenosed Artery using the Cross Model

A Non-Newtonian model is used to examine the effect of tapering on the flow of blood along a stenosed artery which is caused by the pulsating nature the heart. The constitutive equation of the Cross model is used to capture the rheology of the streaming blood which accounts for the shear thinning behaviour of blood. The flow is considered to be laminar, incompressible, and axisymmetric. The finite- difference scheme was adopted to solve the non-linear equations describing the fluid motion in an unsteady two-dimensional case. The computation is presented in terms of the axial and radial velocities, volumetric flow rate, resistance to flow and the wall shear stress. The result from the numerical simulation clearly indicates that vessel tapering has considerable effect on the flow pattern of blood: as the tapering angle increases the flow rate and the axial velocity increases proportionately while the radial velocity, wall shear stress decreases and resistance to flow.

Influence of Hemodialysis Catheter Insertion on Hemodynamics in the Central Veins.

Central venous catheter (CVC) related thrombosis is a major cause of CVC dysfunction in patients under hemodialysis. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of CVC insertion on hemodynamics in the central veins and to examine the changes in hemodynamic environments that may be related to thrombus formation due to the implantation of CVC. Patient-specific models of the central veins with and without CVC were reconstructed based on computed tomography images. Flow patterns in the veins were numerically simulated to obtain hemodynamic parameters such as time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillating shear index (OSI), relative residence time (RRT), and normalized transverse wall shear stress (transWSS) under pulsatile flow. The non-Newtonian effects of blood flow were also analyzed using the Casson model. The insertion of CVC caused significant changes in the hemodynamic environment in the central veins. A greater disturbance and increase of velocity were observed in the central veins after the insertion of CVC. As a result, TAWSS and transWSS were markedly increased, but most parts of OSI and RRT decreased. Newtonian assumption of blood flow would overestimate the increase in TAWSS after CVC insertion. High wall shear stress (WSS) and flow disturbance, especially the multidirectionality of the flow, induced by the CVC may be a key factor in initiating thrombosis after CVC insertion. Accordingly, approaches to decrease the flow disturbance during CVC insertion may help restrain the occurrence of thrombosis. More case studies with pre-operative and postoperative modeling and clinical follow-up need to be performed to verify these findings. Non-Newtonian blood flow assumption is recommended in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of veins with CVCs.

Numerical investigation of non-Newtonian blood flow within an artery with cone shape of stenosis in various stenosis angles

Background and objectiveIn this work, a numerical study is done on the blood flow inside an artery with a cone shape of stenosis. An artery has different stenosis angles. Also, blood flow is energized by constant heat flux which is applied on the wall. The finite volume method is employed to determine blood properties on the basis of a Sisko fluid model with different constant parameters. MethodsFirstly, the effects of applying constant heat flux of q'' = 4 W/m2 are studied on the velocity profile of blood flow inside an artery with stenosis angles of φ = 0.5°. Afterward, effects of different stenosis angles of φ = 0.25, φ = 0.5, φ = 0.75, φ = 1 and φ = 1.25 is studied on blood flow temperature profile. Then, different values of the Sisko model are employed to investigate influences of Newtonian and non-Newtonian behaviors of blood fluid on the temperature profiles of blood flow inside an artery with stenosis angle of φ = 0.5°. ResultsIt is reported that with increasing stenosis angles, blood flow temperature is decreased due to velocity enhancement. This phenomenon is convinced by non-slip condition and sticking non-Newtonian blood fluid to the internal surface of artery wall which reduce velocity from wall surface region to central region of vessel. Also, it is concluded that changing behavior of blood fluid from non-Newtonian to Newtonian behaviors can empower the capability of blood in thermal energy transfer inside human body vessels. ConclusionsAny treatment by balloon angioplasty, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and serum injection, which changes the behavior of blood flow inside body veins, can be effective on blood flow temperature.

The Effect of Stenotic Geometry and Non-newtonian Property of Blood Flow through Arterial Stenosis.

A mathematical model of blood flow is a way to study the blood flow behavior. In this research work, a mathematical model of non-Newtonian blood flow through different stenosis, namely bell shape and cosine shape, is considered. The physiologically important flow quantities of blood flow behavior to describe the blood flow phenomena are obtained such as resistance to flow, skin friction and blood flow rate. Mathematical methods are used to analyze a mathematical model of blood flow through stenosed artery. The resistance to flow, skin friction and blood flow rate were obtained to describe the blood flow in stenosis. The resistance to flow is a relation between pressure and blood flow rate while the skin friction is the friction at the artery membrane. Resutls: The blood flow in cosine geometry exhibits higher resistance to flow and flow rate than in the bell geometry, while the blood flow in bell geometry gives a higher skin friction than in cosine geometry. Not only the effect of stenotic geometry was studied but also the effect of stenosis depth and stenosis height on the flow quantities Moreover, the power law index was adjusted to explore the non-Newtonian behavior. When blood exhibits Newtonian behavior, the resistance to flow and skin friction decrease but the blood flow rate increases. The stenosed artery geometry, the stenosis length, stenosis depth and the power law index (non-Newtonian behavior) are important factors affecting the blood flow through the stenosed artery. This work provides some potential aspects to further study the causes and development of cardiovascular diseases.

Analysis and manegement of laminar blood flow inside a cerebral blood vessel using a finite volume software program for biomedical engineering

Background and objectiveHemodynamic blood flow analysis in the cerebrovascular is has become one of the important research topics in the bio-mechanic in recent decades. The primary duty of the cerebral blood vessel is supplying Glucose and oxygen for the brain. MethodsIn this investigation, the non-Newtonian blood flow in the cerebral blood vessels studied. For modeling the geometry of this problem, we used Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) approach to take Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images and using an open-source software package to construct the geometry, which is a complicated one. The power-law indexes, heat flux, and Reynolds number range in the investigation are 0.6 ≤ n ≤ 0.8, 5 ≤ q ≤ 15Wm−2 and 160≤Re≤310. Effects of Reynolds number, power-law indexes and heat fluxes are investigated. ResultsWe found that the pressure drop increase with increasing the Reynolds number and power-law index. The maximum Nusselt number in the cerebral blood vessels accrued in the running position of the body in n = 0.8. Also, the highest average wall shear stress occurs in maximum power-law indexes and Reynolds number. ConclusionBy increasing the power-law index and Reynolds number, the wall shear stress increases.

Exact Solution of Non-Newtonian Blood Flow with Nanoparticles through Porous Arteries: A Comparative Study

In this paper, the mathematical model describing the third-grade nonNewtonian blood flow suspended with nanoparticles through porous arteries is exactly solved. The present physical model was solved in the research literatu... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Peristaltic Flow with Heat Transfer on Sisko Fluid in a Ciliated Arteries

The flow of blood through arteries is an important physiological problem. In the present investigation, we carried out to study the peristaltic of non-Newtonian incompressible blood flow with heat transfer through ciliated arteries. The blood flow is characterized by the generalized Sisko model. The nonlinear partial differential equations of the problem are simplified by using an approximation of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The differential equations are solved analytically by using the perturbation method. We find that Sisko fluid parameter and the power index effects the behavior of the velocity where the velocity increase in the arteries then decreases near the wall, but the Sisko parameter give opposite behavior where the velocity decrease then increases near the wall of arteries. The velocity increase in arteries with the increase of cilia length and elliptic path. The temperature profile increases then decreases near the wall of arteries with the increase of power index, Sisko fluid parameter and Grashof number, while the temperature decrease then increase near the wall with increase of Sisko parameter. The effect of increase in the cilia length give an increase of the temperature. The pressure gradient increases with the increase of power index and elliptic path, while the pressure gradient decrease with an increase of elliptic path, Sisko parameter. The pressure gradient increases and decreases in a different interval with the increase the cilia length. Our results are illustrated through a set of Figures.

Non-Newtonian heat and mass transfer on MHD blood flow through a stenosed artery in the presence of body exercise and chemical reaction

A mathematical model of non-Newtonian blood flow, heat and mass transfer through a stenosed artery is studied. The non-Newtonian model is chosen to suit the Herschel-Bulkley fluid characteristics, taking into account the presence of body acceleration, magnetic fields and chemical reaction. The study assumed that, the flow is unsteady, laminar, two-dimensional and axisymmetric. The governing flow equations of motion were solved numerically using explicit finite difference schemes. The study found that velocity profile diminishes with increase in Hartman number and increases with body acceleration. The temperature profile is raised by the increase of body acceleration and the Eckert number, while it diminishes with the increase of the Peclet number. It was found also that the concentration profile increases with the increase of the Soret number and decreases with the increase of the chemical reaction. It was further observed that the shear stress deviates more when n > 1 than when n < 1. Shear stress for power law fluid when n > 1 exhibited higher magnitude value than Newtonian, Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley fluids.

Theoretical analysis of non-Newtonian blood flow in a microchannel

Background: In this work the theoretical analysis is presented for a electroosmotic flow of Bingham nanofluid induced by applied electrostatic potential. The linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation is considered in the presence of Electric double layer (EDL). A Bingham fluid model is employed to describe the rheological behavior of the non-Newtonian fluid. Mathematical formulation is presented under the assumption of long wavelength and small Reynolds number. Flow characteristics are investigated by employing Debye-Huckel linearization principle. Such preferences have not been reported previously for non-Newtonian Bingham nanofluid to the best of author’s knowledge.Method: The transformed equations for electroosmotic flow are solved to seek values for the nanofluid velocity, concentration and temperature along the channel length.Results: The effects of key parameters like Brinkmann number, Prandtl number, Debey Huckel parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion parameter are plotted on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Graphical results for the flow phenomenon are discussed briefly.Conclusions: Non-uniformity in channel as well as yield stress τ0 cause velocity declaration for both positive and negative values of U. Nanofluid temperature is found an increasing function of electro osmotic parameter κ if U is positive while it is a decreasing function if U is negative. A completely reverse response is seen in case of concentration profile. The thermophoresis parameter Nt, the Brow nian motion parameter Nb and Brinkman number Br cause an enhancement in temperature. The results are new in case of U.

Proposal of hemodynamically improved design of an axial flow blood pump for LVAD.

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) emerges as an effective clinical device providing life-saving support to heart patients. The design of blood pump of an LVAD involves incredible accuracy and thorough understanding of hemodynamics to mimic the functionality of a healthy ventricle. This work studies hemodynamics around an LVAD and proposes an improved model of axial blood pump for cardiac circulation without any hemolysis complications through numerical investigations. A three-dimensional study on different versions of the impeller with three curved blades (pump I) and spiral blade (pump II) is carried out by utilizing computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS-CFX at a range of rotational speeds and flow rates. The non-Newtonian blood flow through pump is modeled by using Bird-Carreau model. To capture the change in the flow field near the rotating blade, a transient blade row model was employed. The proposal of spiral blade impeller was found to be more compatible as per the hemolytic performance. It considerably reduces the blood damage to two times lesser value than that by pump I and also improves the quality blood flow field. The spiral blade provides a guiding path to the blood particle and avoids mixing of different bloodstreams, thus reducing the eddy losses. Graphical abstract The graphical abstract shows the performance enhancement of the axial blood pump. The model proposed by Peng et al. (Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 17(7):723-727, 2014) has been upgraded to two new versions by redesigning its impeller. Proposed design (pump II) shows improvement in pressure distribution (a) and reduction in hemolysis (in the case of pump II) index (b).

Influence of non-Newtonian blood flow models on drug deposition in the arterial wall

In this paper, we investigate the influence of non-Newtonian blood flow models on drug diffusion from a coronary drug-eluting-stent (DES). We consider the Oldroyd-B, Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) and Giesekus viscoelastic models for the description of fluid dynamics of blood. The model for blood flow is coupled with plasma filtration and mass transport from a DES. The model for the transport problem takes into consideration non-Fickian diffusion, drug dissolution, polymer degradation and binding. We propose an Implicit-Explicit (IMEX) finite element method and show numerical experiments that confirm the effectiveness and order of convergence of the employed methodology. The numerical results indicate that an increase in the elastic properties of the blood leads to an increase of the concentration of free drug in the arterial wall. Finally, we present unsteady simulations comparing the Newtonian and non-Newtonian blood flow models.