non-Muslim Countries Research Articles

Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities in Managing Zakat in Non-Muslim Countries: The Case Study of the United Kingdom

Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities in Managing Zakat in Non-Muslim Countries: The Case Study of the United Kingdom

Strategies For Presenting And Marketing Islamic Branded Products To Non-Muslim Consumers

Buying behavior of consumers and decision-making process and criteria of Muslim and non-Muslim consumers are fundamental in spreading the brand of Islamic ethical marketing. Many factors including environment, globalization, purchasing power, consumer population, religious and ethical considerations are essential in increasing the worldwide acceptance of Islamic marketing to all races regardless of religious belief. Hence, the paper attempts to identify the appropriate strategies for presenting these Islamic brands and logos to non-Muslim consumers across the global- space. The paper shall provide insight into how Islamic distribution strategies are displayed to every consumer regardless of their faith or cultural practices. The paper likewise builds upon previous scholarly efforts and research outcomes focusing on management approaches and business strategies suitable for increasing the chances of accepting Islamic brands and logos in Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Previous studies helped in understanding the concepts, current business practices, managerial and theoretical perspectives of Islamic branding. The findings indicate that the usage of Islamic brands played a mediating role in strengthening Islamic branded products across non-Muslim countries. Islamic brand was found to create positive impressions about Islam for non-Muslim consumers. It was also discovered that Islamic brands uniquely secured consumers and customers for Islamic products more than non-Islamic products. The study recommends that Islamic marketing designers should build a monitoring logistic to track the level of Islamic product acceptance across the Muslim and non-Muslim world.

Comparative Analysis of E-Commerce Sales of Halal-Labeled Products in Muslim Majority and Minority Countries

E-commerce is an alternative for individuals to look for and purchase things. Unfortunately, despite its importance in digital market connectedness, e-commerce has not played a significant role in the continuity of the halal market. This study aims to look at the differences in halal product sales in Muslim majority and minority countries, which can stimulate the availability of halal products on e-commerce and increase halal product exports, as well as make it easier for Muslim communities to buy halal products. There was no previous research on a similar topic, notably one that specifically explored the sale of halal products through e-commerce. Halal-labeled product data was taken from Lazada e-commerce using web scraping (using the Selenium package in the Python programming language), which was then carried out by Kruskal-Wallis analysis. According to the findings, the average sales of halal products in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Malaysia varies significantly. However, in the pairwise or combination test comparing groups of countries, it was discovered that the average sales of halal products in Indonesia and Singapore were identical.

The Qur’anic Botanic Garden in Qatar: Challenges and Opportunities for Islamic Environmentalism

Abstract Islamic environmentalism has increased within the last several decades in the Muslim world and in Muslim-minority countries. The Arab Gulf is one of the regions in which environmentalism – let alone Islamic environmentalism – has been greatly understudied. This paper aims to partially fill this gap by exploring the Qur’anic Botanic Garden (QBG) in Qatar as an illustrative – albeit imperfect – example of Islamic environmentalism, combining environmental aspirations of many modern botanic gardens with religious and cultural aims. After briefly introducing Islamic environmentalism and the significance of environmentalism in the Arab Gulf region, I draw on field research conducted in Qatar to elucidate how the QBG utilizes Islamic scripture, beliefs, and values to articulate its vision and objectives. This paper also examines how QBG leaders’ religious and cultural views influence environmental advocacy within the QBG and beyond. Finally, this research critically explores the QBG’s potential impact on socio-environmental realities in Qatar. While the QBG may succeed in making intellectual advancements and promoting religious and ecological values, this paper posits that such a state-sponsored institution’s inability to politicize ecological degradation demonstrates the difficulty of reforming development models to achieve more socially just and sustainable ends. I conclude that the broader potential of Islamic environmentalism lies in its ability to unite Muslims and people in the Arab Gulf region behind a shared socio-environmental vision. Its efficacy also comes from mobilizing people to advocate alternative development models prioritizing the integrity of all people and honouring planetary boundaries over economic growth or political gain.

Economic Growth in Muslim and Non-Muslim Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis

Economic Growth in Muslim and Non-Muslim Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis

Awareness of sustainable finance development in the world from a stakeholder perspective

Sustainable finance is one way to realize a new paradigm of sustainable development that incorporates social and environmental issues into economic calculations. However, in its implementation, each country faces different challenges in making and implementing policies to support sustainable finance. This study will analyze the public perception of Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority countries towards the implementation of sustainable finance in their respective countries and then analyze the stages of implementing sustainable finance. To analyze the level of implementation of sustainable finance, this study uses the concept of Attention-Interest-Desire-Action (AIDA). To collect data about the object of research using the methods of content analysis and field studies. Content analysis is all the efforts made by researchers in gathering information relevant to documents that explain the background of the existence of sustainable finance and its implementation in several countries. The field study is used to collect primary data regarding perceptions related to the context of sustainable finance, which can be used to determine the proportion of activities that substantially contribute to environmental objectives (climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts). Research results show that there is no difference in the views of respondents as development stakeholders regarding the implementation of sustainable finance in both Muslim-majority and minority countries. The majority of the two categories of country groups are still at the interest stage, reflected in high scores in normative statements and low scores in positive statements that describe real activities in running a sustainable finance system.

Perbandingan Pendidikan Madrasah di Thailand dan Filipina

Madrasas are educational institutions that combine the national curriculum with the Islamic curriculum. Madrasa education is an alternative to advancing education in the midst of the times. In various countries, especially in Muslim minority countries in the Southeast Asian region, for example Thailand and the Philippines, madrasas are educational institutions that enable people to get an education, if they cannot afford to go to public educational institutions. Madrasas were once considered inferior in terms of their education system, but this did not solely apply to all madrasas, or more precisely, the education system in madrasas has now undergone modernization so as to allow for a better quality of education with combined scientific dualism, namely religion and science. general. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss, describe, and analyze the madrasah education system in the Southeast Asian region, in this case in Thailand and the Philippines. The research uses qualitative research methods with a library research approach. Madrasah education in basic Thailand starts from the ibtidaiyah level, then continues with mutawassitha, and continues at the final level, namely tsanawiyah. Meanwhile in the Philippines, there are madrasah madrasas, regular madrasah madrasas, and integrated madrasas. Regular madrasah diniyah have levels of education similar to the madrasah education system in Thailand.
 Keywords: Islamic Education, Madrasah Education, Thai Islamic Education, Philippine Islamic Education, Southeast Asian Islamic Education

ISLAMOPHOBIA : ANTI-MUSLIM SENTIMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON MUSLIM WOMEN

In contemporary times Islamophobia became a global sociological concern - not just for Indonesia; but for the entire Muslim world. Internationally Western mainstream media, started referencing Islam, Islamic countries and muslim demographics as “terrorist”, “extremists”, and as only “radicals”. The 9/11 incident in New York marked the hight of Islamophobia internationally. In some countries, like France, Britain and the US, where the majority of the population is non-Muslim, this anti-Muslim sentiment can be seen in several forms, such as Muslims being treated disrespectfully and unfairly. These anti-muslim manifestations certainly has a very devastating impact on particularly Muslim women living in non-Muslim (Western) countries, especially for those wearing the hijab and burqa. Indonesia, which internationally has the greatest Muslim majority, is not immune to the unjust phenomenon of Islamophobia, with several schools and institutions prohibiting students from wearing, for example the hijab. The purpose of this study is to realize a religious life marked by the values of mutual respect, inclusivity and tolerance without discrimination. The method used in this study is qualitative, while the data collection technique uses the library research method. Limitations and formulations of the problems to be problematised are as follows: 1) the forms and causes of Islamophobia in Indonesia and Western countries; and 2) how Islamophobia impacts particularly Muslim women living in non-Muslim countries. The final aims of this study are: 1) provide understanding and/or greater clarity about Islam; and 2) protecting the rights of women, especially Muslim women, so that they can practice their beliefs freely, without any prejudice and discrimination.

Новая методология и новые учебники для национальной системы образования в России (от междисциплинарности к системности и нравственности)

The subject of the article is the problem of the crisis of the Russian education system and, above all, the ideology and general methodology of teaching in the field of humanities. The purpose of the study is to formulate the main directions of reforming the education system and new principles as part of the author's methodology of training courses for higher education in the conditions of Russia's withdrawal from the Bologna process and the formation of a national educational system.
 The modern education system is the result of many trends in the development of society - and above all secularization, the separation of science from religion and the development of the positivist nature of scientific knowledge. The crisis of modern education is a manifestation of the crisis of positivist science and the global crisis. Rus-sia was the first in the world among non-Muslim countries to publicly declare the re-jection of liberal principles of social structure. Digital education carries significant risks to the physical and spiritual health of the youth and society. With all its ad-vantages, it needs a radical reform and strict state and public control. The fundamental reform of education in Russia should be aimed at scrapping the liberal ideology and formal quantitative methods of evaluating the results of the education process. The ap-peal to national traditions, mentality and, above all, to the achievements of traditional religions and centuries-old folk morality should compensate for the inevitable negative side effect of the technological side of education. The paper proposes a new methodol-ogy – moral and religious neo-institutionalism, containing three main principles – sys-tem, balance and morality. The latest practical result of its implementation is the launch of the publication of the INFRA-M publishing house of a series of books "Rus-sian University Textbook on Economics and Management" intended for master's de-gree (advanced level). Among them is the textbook "Economic theory. Russian Eco-nomics" - took the first place in the international academic course "Academus" in the nomination "Economics and Management".

Методология нравственно-религиозного неоинституционализма для национальной системы образования в России (системность, равновесие и нравственность)

The subject of the article is the problem of the crisis of the Russian education system and, above all, the ideology and general methodology of teaching in the field of humanities. The purpose of the study is to formulate new principles as part of the author's methodology of training courses for higher education in the conditions of Russia's withdrawal from the Bologna process and the formation of a national educational system.
 The modern education system is the result of many trends in the development of society — and above all secularization, the separation of science from religion and the development of the positivist nature of scientific knowledge. The crisis of modern education is a manifestation of the crisis of positivist science and the global crisis. Russia was the first in the world among non-Muslim countries to publicly declare the rejection of liberal principles of social structure. The paper proposes a new methodology — moral and religious neo-institutionalism, containing three main principles — system, balance and morality. The latest practical result of its implementation is the launch of the publication of the INFRA-M publishing house of a series of books "Russian University Textbook on Economics and Management" intended for master's degree (advanced level). Among them the textbook "Economic theory. Russian Economics" took the first place in the international academic course "Academus" in the nomination "Economics and Management".

NEEDS ANALYSIS OF HALAL MATCHMAKING FOR MUSLIM MARRIAGE IN JAPAN

Today, halal matchmaking services, such as halal apps and halal speed dating have appeared in many Muslim and non-Muslim countries. It is important that Muslims not only marry in a halal manner, but also maintain a healthy family life after marriage. However, in Japan, where Muslims are almost invisible minority, there are no services that provide halal matchmaking including pre-marriage education based on Maqasid al-Shariah. The purpose of the research is to analyze the need for halal matchmaking services in Japan. Halal matchmaking needs of single and divorced Muslims are to be determined. Methods: The researcher recruited potential participants for a halal matchmaking through social media of Chiba Islamic Cultural Center from 25 July to 21 August 2022. Single and divorced Muslims living in Japan who were able to communicate adequately in Japanese, were purposively selected for in-depth interviews. Feedback was obtained through in-depth interviews with all the participants after the halal matchmaking. Findings: 111 people registered their personal profiles. There were 109 valid answers (98.1%). Forty-one people responded for the preliminary interviews. Twenty people who attended the matchmaking were invited for the feedback in-depth interviews. Barriers to find a potential marriage partner among Muslims in Japan include a rarity of Muslims as a user of the Japanese matchmaking services, time and money consuming efforts and anxiety for marriage due to the lack of trust or assurance of individualistic marriage compared to that of communal marriages. Thus, community effort to develop halal matchmaking is needed for the Muslims in Japan.

Aging Muslim immigrants transitioning from Muslim majority countries to Muslim minority countries: A scoping review addressing dynamics of occupation, place, and identity

ABSTRACT Immigration can challenge aging people’s health, social inclusion, and continued engagement in meaningful occupations, causing loss of and/or change in social status, relationships, and roles; all of which can be intimately tied to place and identity. Such losses may lead to depression, isolation, and can negatively affect quality of life. This scoping review aimed to better understand how aging Muslim immigrants re-establish and enact occupations and negotiate their identities across various places in the host country. Findings revealed the diverse ways aging Muslim immigrants made complex negotiations after migrating to an unfamiliar Muslim minority country to fulfill important roles, navigate ways to participate in meaningful occupations, and express their identities safely across places. The reviewed studies showed how this group was frequently confronted by challenges, including cultural and religious rejection, disruption in occupations, and structural barriers. However, many found ways to overcome these challenges through occupational engagement and social connectivity, which supported their integration process. Increased attention to the occupations of aging immigrants will allow researchers, service providers, and policy makers to make meaningful contributions to improve the lives of aging Muslim immigrants.

Moral Education of Muslim Children in Islamic Minority Countries (Phenomenological Studies in Germany and the Netherlands)

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span>Moral education is an element that must be embedded from an early age, where true morals originate in a healthy soul, and are supported by a strengthening spiritual element, to give birth to children with positive morals. Moral education should ideally be taught in any condition and situation, both in Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority countries. This study aims to determine how moral conditions, problems experienced by parents in educating Islam-based morals, and the process carried out by parents in educating their children's morals in non-Muslim countries. Germany and Amsterdam were used as research sites because both countries are known as Islamic minority countries. This research uses phenomenological research methods with a qualitative approach. Participant data came from parents who had the following criteria have lived in Germany or Amsterdam for at least 2 years, Indonesian parents who are Muslims, and parents who educate their children directly related to morals and are not represented by caregivers / domestic assistants. Research data were obtained from interviews and observations and then analyzed using phenomenological study techniques. </span><span>The results showed that parents apply authoritarian and democratic parenting. The efforts made by parents in educating children's morals include storytelling methods, role models, direct learning, and reward and punishment. Obstacles faced by parents include internal and external obstacles, namely the lack of academics or facilities to obtain sources of Islamic knowledge as well as the busyness of parents. The pattern of moral education of children for Muslim minorities is carried out through faith-based private schools (Islam), informal <em>homeschooling,</em> colleges (universities and colleges), mosques (Islamic centers), and Islamic organizations.</span></p>

Ensuring The Compliance of Islamic Finance Applications with Shariah Principles in Ethiopia: The Way Forward

The notion behind Islamic finance is providing alternative Shariah-compliant financial services and products for those who do not willing to access conventional finance as it contravenes Shariah principles. Currently, Islamic finance is expanding throughout Muslim and non-Muslim countries. One of the most critical challenges of the Islamic financial sector is the extent of the compliance of Islamic finance practices with Shariah principles. Therefore, there should be a control mechanism for ensuring the compliance of the products and services provided by Islamic financial institutions with Shariah principles. Scholars argue that a Shariah governance framework should be applied by institutions engaged in Islamic finance in countries where Islamic finance is being practiced. Shariah governance framework is mainly categorized into two approaches centralized and decentralized Shariah governance framework. The availability of a centralized Shariah governance framework is essential in ensuring the application of Islamic finance in accordance with Shariah principles. Ethiopia is one of the countries that accommodated the application of Islamic finance through exclusively interest-free banking windows by conventional banks in 2011 and fully-fledged interest-free banks in late 2019. However, the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) did not specify any Shariah governance framework in any of its legislations. The unavailability of an established Shariah governance framework may expose the sector to Shariah non-compliance risk. This study investigates how to ensure Ethiopia's Islamic finance applications' compliance with the Shariah principles. Semi-structured interviews and document studies were conducted with 15 respondents, including experts in Islamic finance, Shariah scholars, and Islamic finance practitioners, to collect the needed data for this endeavor. The findings indicate that interest-free banks, especially interest-free banking windows, do not give the necessary attention to the issue of the Shariah governance framework. The presumed manifestations of Shariah compliance in Ethiopia are having Shariah advisory committee, using Arabic words and names for their products and services, declaring they are following the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) standards, and participating in corporate social activities. However, these claims are insufficient to argue that their products and services are Shariah-compliant, as long as an external authorized body should oversight and control their application. In addition, the results indicate that adapting the AAOIFI standards to the extent of industry development is recommended to ensure Shariah compliance in Ethiopia. Besides, considering responsible stakeholders in ensuring Shariah compliance, government/NBE and financial institutions engaged in Islamic finance are identified as primary stakeholders. On the other hand, the Ethiopian Islamic Affairs Supreme Council (EIASC), religious scholars and institutional Shariah advisors, interest-free professional associations, academicians in Islamic economics and finance, and educational institutions are considered secondary stakeholders. In addition, the findings also indicate that the policymakers' approaches of Türkiye, Malaysia, Kenya, and South Africa to the Islamic finance industry could be the best model for policymakers in Ethiopia. Establishing a centralized Shariah advisory committee under the NBE is recommended to ensure the compliance of interest-free finance applications with Shariah principles in Ethiopia. To this endeavor, all stakeholders such as government/NBE, financial institutions engaged in the Islamic finance industry, EIASC, religious scholars and institutional Shariah advisors, interest-free professional associations, academicians in Islamic economics and finance, and educational institutions should play a significant role by fulfilling their respective responsibilities.

A Perspective Study of Islamic Tourism for Muslims in Asian and Western Countries of Halal Growth

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of halal tourism practices in Islamic countries, and the demand for halal products in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. The study also aims to identify strategies to enhance the competitiveness of halal tourists in global markets. Theoretical Framework: The framework of this study is grounded on the understanding of the prevalent halal practices in tourism, and the cultural and heritage aspects of the Muslim community that influence these practices. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study adopts a qualitative research approach, employing interviews as the primary data collection method. The study is also informed by a review of the current literature on halal tourism practices. Findings: The results of this study shed light on the demand for halal products in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries, and identify various proposals to enhance halal tourism practices in Muslim countries in the future. The study also reveals the potential for a boost in halal product packaging in Islamic countries through the assessment of the Muslim's cultural heritage. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study contributes to the understanding of halal tourism, offering strategies for the improvement of halal tourism competitiveness worldwide. It emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and protecting the interests of Muslims, particularly in Middle East countries, within the global tourism industry. Originality/Value: The value of this study lies in its focus on a relatively unexplored aspect of global tourism – halal tourism practices in Islamic countries. It addresses a significant gap in the current literature, providing fresh insights into halal product demand and the influence of Muslim cultural heritage.

Muslim Family Law Reform: Understanding the Difference between Muslim-Majority and Muslim-Minority Jurisdictions

Abstract 35 Muslim-majority and 18 Muslim-minority countries formally integrate Muslim Family Laws (mfl s) into their legal systems. Both groups of governments have undertaken legislative reforms to improve the status of women/children under mfl s and strengthen the rule of law within their mfl systems. The existing scholarship does not address whether mfl s are more reformed or human/women’s rights friendlier in Muslim-majority or Muslim-minority countries. Employing an innovative methodological tool, the Muslim Family Law Index, this exploratory article surveys cross-national and historical trends in mfl reform (1946–2016). It shows that although Muslim-minority countries appear to have more “reformed” mfl systems than their Muslim counterparts, a closer analysis reveals that they have prioritized different types of legislative reform. The former favored exit rights, while the latter prioritized substantive reforms. The type and extent of interventions were strongly associated with colonial heritage, state-religion relations, international norm diffusion, women’s activism, and ethnoreligious diversity/tolerance. These findings have implications for studying multicultural theory, human/women’s rights, and democratization in the mfl-applying world.

The Quality Improvement Assistantship Program for Madrasa Education in Mindanao, the Philippines

Madrasa education is a compelling issue in a Muslim minority country like the Philippines. Amidst the rapid pace of modernization, secular education enjoys strong government support, while Islamic teaching often remains underemphasized. However, the madrasa education system in the Philippines has begun to make positive strides through mutual learning and exchanging experiences with neighboring countries, such as Indonesia. Likewise, the present intensive and participatory assistantship program aimed to elucidate the efforts to promote religious moderation and enhance the educational quality within selected madrasas in Mindanao, the Philippines. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, combined with direct mentoring, was employed in this endeavor. Furthermore, the program was designed to address three key objectives: (1) strengthening religious moderation within madrasa education, (2) preparing professional teachers for madrasa education, and (3) enhancing the management of madrasa education. In summary, the outcomes of this program have the potential to contribute to the adoption of the Indonesian Islamic education model within the Muslim community in the Philippines.

The Culture and Customs of Saqaliba in Ibn Faḍlān's Siāhat-Nāme (Travel Narrative) (921 AD-309 H)

All the journeys and tours aimed at gaining knowledge about other peoples and lands seem to have achieved the set goals. Those who have tried to have a successful trip, have never ignored the upshot of their trip, but have benefited from the results and experiences and presented them to others in the form of a travelogue. One can argue that the product of the account of these travelogues seems to be most of the concepts related to unity and human relations and the necessity to understand other societies.This research aims to investigate one of the travelogues written in the Abbasid era (656-1258), in the 10th century, namely, Ibn Faḍlan’s travelogue, which is the product of a journey to the lands of the Persians, Turks, Saqaliba, and Khazars. To this end, in the first section, using the analytical method, the course of and reasons for his journey as well as its effects will be discussed. Then, based on the analytical and comparative method, the second section deals with the Saqaliba and their role in the region, as well as relevant texts focusing on the culture and tradition of the Saqaliba and their classification.According to the findings of this research, it was Ibn Faḍlan who for the first time, provided information about Saqaliba and their relations with Bulgaria and the Slavic race. More importantly, as a political envoy, apart from his special mission, which was to promote Islam and announce the Caliph's support for Saqaliba against the Khazars, he gives an account of the culture and customs in Europe and non-Muslim countries to the Muslims and the Caliph. This report is actually the first account of European non-Muslim customs given to the caliphate system.

How are the characteristics of Indonesian Muslim Tourists on Muslim Friendly Services in non-Muslim destination

The increasing number of Muslim world tourists creates a big opportunity for the halal tourism market. With the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia has the potential to develop halal tourism services. Meanwhile, Muslim tourists more often visit non-Muslim-majority countries that do not understand the need for halal tourism. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the dominant characteristics of Indonesian Muslim tourists when visiting non-Muslim majority countries. The research design is descriptive cross sectional and uses a purposive sampling technique. 268 samples were obtained from online questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive mapping. There are two findings in this study, the characteristics of preparation before travelling to non-Muslim countries and when they travel to non-Muslim countries. Managerial implications can be used as the basis for marketing strategies by tourism organizations in non-Muslim countries and tourism service providers to offer based on Muslim needs.

The Mediating Role of Attitude in the Relationship Between the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Attributes of Japanese Frozen Foods and Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Them: Evidence from Malaysia

Research Aims: To examine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting consumers’ attitudes toward Japanese-made frozen foods and, hence, consumers’ purchasing behaviour. Design/Methodology/Approach: Consumers who were aware of Japanese-made frozen foods were the sample chosen. Convenience sampling plus a cross-sectional, self-administered online survey questionnaire collected data from 307 participants. Research Findings: Findings showed that brand reputation, halal label, convenience, and food quality were positively related to attitude towards Japanese frozen food, whereas health consciousness was negatively associated with attitude. Attitudes toward Japanese frozen foods were found to mediate relationships between brand reputation and purchase intention, halal label and purchase intention, and food quality and purchase intention of the foods. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Given the fierce competition and growth within the frozen food industry, this study advanced the knowledge of Malaysian consumer purchasing behaviour in the context of Japanese frozen foods. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian Context: The mediating role of attitude toward Japanese frozen foods in the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic product factors and purchase intention among consumers in Malaysia provided valuable insights on foods exported from a predominantly non-Muslim country to a predominantly Muslim country in South East Asia. Research Limitation & Implications: The scope of this study was limited to Malaysians who were aware of Japanese frozen foods. Examining the extrinsic and intrinsic attributes of the foods was crucial because the awareness of and preference for Japanese frozen foods is still low in Malaysia, and there is limited knowledge about the products. Keywords: Extrinsic Factors, Intrinsic Factors, Attitude, Purchase Intention, Japanese Frozen Foods, Malaysia