Non-metallic Mineral Research Articles

Examining industrial air pollution embodied in trade: implications of a hypothetical China-UK FTA.

Very few developed economies have a full free trade agreement (FTA) with China. This study employs one GTAP model and builds an extended environmental multi-region input–output model to investigate a hypothetical China-UK FTA, concerning embodied industrial emissions of SO2, PM2.5, NOX, and NH3. The economic sectors are also classified based on their embodied pollution intensity and trade advantage index under various FTA scenarios. Results show that the UK’s GDP and welfare and China’s welfare will increase, along with changes in their trade structures. Overall, this FTA brings about larger net impacts on embodied emissions of SO2 than on PM2.5, NOX and NH3, and both countries are net importers of the latter three pollutants. Key sectors such as non-metallic mineral products, chemical products, and agriculture are inclined to become less competitive and less polluting under the FTA. The inclusion of agri-food sectors exhibits slight counteracting effects in general. The findings are of policy importance as they provide insights into how best to target key sectors, seeking a balance between trade development and environmental protection.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-022-02612-z.

Impacts of Mining Activity in the Canton Ponce Enríquez, Province of Azuay, 2010-2020

The mining operations present within the jurisdiction of the Camilo Ponce Enríquez canton are of varied scale, artisanal mining, small mining and medium mining, creating interrelations with the Environment. The analysis characterizes the activity in a technical, economic and environmental way, as well as identifies and assesses the alteration of this extractive sector with the environment, together with the analysis of the environment and the characterization of the resource. The impact / aptitude model and the capacity of reception of the territory are proposed in the face of metallic and non-metallic mining exploitation, it is necessary, based on a territorial diagnosis carried out by public institutions of the local and national government within the scope of their competences, to carry out the balance between the vulnerability and the potential of the territory for such activity. In this study, 5 evaluation components are established, through a shared methodology of some authors by disaggregating the components or dimensions of natural value, subdividing the element as many times as is convenient, with the participation of a panel of experts who assesses the importance and value. natural value of the territorial units present, obtaining the natural value or conservation value of the territory.

Geomorphic responses due to the second-largest global producer of ceramic tiles in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Land use/land cover changes (LULCC) have modified the Earth’s surface. In especial, mining activities have been responsible for landscape changes over a range of temporal and spatial scales. The production of mineral commodities in Brazil represents almost 2 % of the country’s gross domestic product with non-metallic mining activities spread throughout the territory. The Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Polo (SGCP), located in the State of São Paulo, is the second-largest global producer of ceramic tiles and it is responsible for 70 % of the production of non-metallic mineral resources in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess geomorphic responses in the SGCP, using land use changes and geomorphological mapping in two study areas, in different scenarios (1962, 1988, 2010). The sedimentation rates were measured to estimate changes in the depositional dynamic due to expansion of the SGCP. The expansion of SGCP generated several geomorphic responses, such as topographic changes, hydrologic alteration, construction of landfill with roads, and erosive/depositional processes adjustments. The expansion of open pit mining areas occurred in Riparian Forestry and pasture areas, creating slope breaks with a groundwater withdrawal and decreasing the length of the river channels. The landfill with roads increased the surface runoff and, consequently, the linear erosive processes and the mass wasting in the slopes. The land displacement within the open pit mining areas, and in the quarry dumps, promoted an increase in the alluvial plains from 1962 to 2010, changing the average sedimentation rates from 26.5 mm yr−1 to 33.0 mm yr−1. The geomorphic responses allowed to comprehend the influence of human-landscape system in the SGCP. Finally, this study highlights the importance of studies involving geomorphic responses in areas with non-metallic mining activities, which could be used in different areas in Brazil or elsewhere.

Carbon emission accounting and spatial distribution of industrial entities in Beijing—Combining nighttime light data and urban functional areas

Quantifying current carbon emissions their fine scale spatial distribution is necessary to improve carbon emission management, requirements, and emission reduction strategies of key industries. This study established an entity-level model to estimate carbon emissions by combining geographic information of points of interest (POIs) and nighttime light data from Beijing in 2018. The model accounted for the carbon emissions of Beijing's key entities and industries and simulated their spatial distribution. The results showed a good fit between the carbon emissions of the entities and nighttime light brightness values. The 130-m resolution of the urban carbon emission distribution data had a higher spatial simulation accuracy than that of the 1-km Open-Data inventory for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (ODIAC) data. Through the lens of urban functional areas, the average value of carbon emissions was highest in commercial areas and lowest in public management and service areas, at 78,840.11 tC/km2 and 6844.79 tC/km2, respectively. In terms of the industrial sector, the transportation industry had the highest carbon emissions, with a total of 31.86 Mt., while non-metal mining and oil and gas extraction had almost no energy consumption, with total carbon emissions of 1.38 Mt. The spatial clustering results showed that the distribution of carbon emissions in Beijing had a significant positive spatial correlation; forming high-high aggregation clusters dominated by the city center and major business districts and a low-low aggregation clusters dominated by the city's suburban areas. The simulation model clearly reflected the fine scale characteristics of carbon emissions, in terms of their quantity and spatial distribution. Results obtained in this study can aid relevant departments to formulate appropriate strategies for collectively guiding industrial enterprises towards carbon neutrality.

Environmental Legal Responsibility Of Non-Metal And Rock Mining Business Persons In Sharia Perspective: Study In The City Of Tidore Islands

Mining of non-metallic minerals and rocks is a natural resource from Allah SWT to be used properly and correctly for all of His creatures. In the City of Tidore, Islands, the use of these natural resources is illegal and does not have a mining permit. The consequences of mining activities include the physical impact of the environment being damaged such as land damage and forest damage, reduced water discharge on the ground surface, damage to public health, damage to public facilities found on roads, as well as causing community conflicts. The form of responsibility is carried out by limiting utilization activities, carrying out environmental restoration, as well as cooperation between the government and the community in supervising utilization actions that cause losses. Responsibility is not only on the government but public awareness is very important in environmental conservation efforts. In the Qur'an Surah al-Rum verse 41, it has been stated that "Corruption has appeared on land and at sea due to the actions of human hands, so that Allah may feel for them a part of (the consequences of) their actions, so that they will return (to the right path). )

The Impact of Selected Material Flows on the Development of OECD Countries Located in Europe

Mining and processing of raw materials are at the beginning of all industrial value chains. As global demand for raw materials grows, basic raw materials will continue to play a key role. Global value chains have become a dominant feature of world trade. The process of production of goods from raw materials to the finished product, intended for the final consumer, is carried out primarily where the necessary professional and material prerequisites are available, at competitive costs and quality. Although the EU has a long tradition of mining and processing raw materials, as well as rich reserves of aggregates and non-metallic minerals, some metals such as copper and zinc, but also some critical raw materials. However, their use is not optimal for various reasons, such as insufficient investment in geological exploration and extraction, diverse and lengthy national permitting procedures, or low public acceptance. Shortcomings in the EU's mining, processing, recycling, refining and unbundling capacity (e.g. in the case of lithium or rare earths) reflect a lack of resilience and high dependence on supplies from other parts of the world. At the same time, the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may have an impact on the further direction of industrial policy with an effort to increase diversification and regionalization of production processes, resp. gaining economic sovereignty in strategic areas. Raw materials form the basis of the European economy in order to secure jobs and competitiveness and are essential for maintaining and improving our quality of life. Ensuring reliable, sustainable and unhindered access to and circulation of raw materials in the economy is therefore a growing concern within the EU, not only regionally but also globally. It is for these reasons that it is necessary to examine the consumption of materials in relation to the stage of development of countries.

Difficulties and Recent Achievements in Flotation Separation of Fluorite from Calcite—An Overview

As an important strategic non-metallic mineral resource, fluorite has been widely used in various industrial fields, such as metallurgy, optics and semiconductor manufacturing, as well as fluorine-related chemical engineering. Since the major gangue minerals of fluorite ore are silicate and carbonate ones, flotation is the main beneficiation method for the concentration. Compared with the relatively easy operation for silicate-type fluorite ore, fluorite concentration from calcite has always been the most difficult challenge in the field of mineral processing. In this review, analyses of the fundamental reasons for the difficulties of flotation separation of fluorite from calcite are performed, from the similar surface properties of both calcium minerals to the deterioration by the interference of dissolved ions in the pulp during grinding and flotation. Recent achievements in the flotation separation of fluorite from calcite as the main contents are comprehensively summarized, covering all aspects of flotation reagents of collectors, depressants and modifiers. Finally, successful examples of industrial practices for fluorite and calcite flotation separation are introduced. This overview provides a detailed and comprehensive reference source for the current research status of fluorite and calcite flotation separation, and some suggestions for future research are provided.

Biodiversidad e industria en la región de Tula, Hidalgo: un ensamblaje sistémico

The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics, under a systemic approach, of two of the most important components of the territory: biodiversity and industry in the region of the Tula basin, Hidalgo, based on extensive documentation from official sources and scientific records to understand the operation of the graphic model: "Industry Biodiversity Interaction System", which was built based on said characterization. The industrial sector in the study region presents a spatial concentration of a dispersed type without being established in a particular way in any municipality. Pachuca and Tepeji del Rio are the municipalities that show a slightly higher industrial presence. The largest industry in the Region is that of products derived from non-metallic minerals, followed by chemicals and plastics. With the exception of Chilcuautla and Progreso de Obregón, the Region has a high rate of anthropogenic impact, which contributes to the fact that the Region has a low and very low ecological integrity. The Region has low vulnerability to climate change, but it is vulnerable to wastewater from Mexico City and the Tepeji del Río aquifer has a deficit in water availability. Therefore, the Region reflects processes of unsustainability and the need to restore it (34% of the area as a priority for restoration), which may be due in part to industrial production processes with a high impact on the natural environment and discharges from Mexico City.

Brief Analysis of the Working Means and Methods of Nonmetallic Geological Mineral Exploration in the New Period

Brief Analysis of the Working Means and Methods of Nonmetallic Geological Mineral Exploration in the New Period

Drivers and critical paths of carbon emissions in India: a structural path decomposition analysis

ABSTRACT As a fast-growing economy with over 1.35 billion people, India will be critical to achieving future climate targets. The country implemented many policies to limit its carbon emissions. To make targeted policies, it is imperative to evaluate the mutually opposing effects of fast development and climate policies on carbon emissions. We apply environmentally extended input-output analysis, and structural path and decomposition analysis to calculate key emission statistics and drivers of change in critical sectors and production paths. Results reveal that India is a net exporter of emissions and its production and consumption-based emissions have more than doubled between 2000 and 2016. Two sectors, ‘Electricity, gas, and water’ and ‘petroleum, chemical, and non-metallic mineral products,’ function as supplying sectors in most of the critical paths. Although improvements in emission intensity and production structure have helped in reducing emissions, household consumption and investments have increased them.

Evidence on the Existence of Inter-industry Differences in Capital Structure of Leading Indian Companies

The objective of this paper is to provide additional evidence on the inter industry differences in the Capital Structure of leading Indian companies in terms of market capitalization. Comparisons in the capital structure of 15 industrial groups namely Pharmaceutical, Non-Metallic Mineral Products, Power, Electric Equipment, Automotive, Chemical, Construction, Information Technology, Food-Beverages-Tobacco-Alcohol, Consumer Goods, Textile, Service, Metal, Retail/Wholesale and Others identified from 333 companies are made using three gearing ratios i.e. Total Debt to Net Worth ratio (TDNW), Long Term Debt to Net Worth ratio (LTDNW), Short Term Debt to Net Worth ratio (STDNW). One way ANOVA and Post hoc tests are employed for statistical analysis. Construction and Textile industries have a higher level of debt in their capital structure. However, Information Technology and Service industries are identified as least levered ones. Overall, the finding indicates IT and Service industry to be significantly different from other industry groups in case of all the debt ratios.

Analisis Prioritas Pengembangan Sektor Industri Pengolahan di Kabupaten Mimika

This study aims to determine the sub-sector of the manufacturing industry that can be prioritized for development in Mimika Regency. In order to achieve these objectives, this research uses descriptive research methods. The data used in this study include GRDP data by business field based on 2010 constant prices in Mimika Regency and Papua Province during the 2016-2020 period which was collected through documentation techniques. To answer the formulation of this research problem, a combination of Klassen Typology and Location Quotient analysis is used. A sub-sector of the manufacturing industry in Mimika Regency is classified as a sub-sector that can be prioritized for its development as a driver of economic growth. The results of this study indicate that the sub-sector of the Textile and Apparel Industry, the sub-sector of the Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Traditional Medicine Industry, and the sub-sector of the Rubber Industry. Goods from Rubber and Plastics, sub-sector of Non-Metal Mining Goods Industry, Other Processing Industry sub-sector; Repair and installation of machinery and equipment services is a sub-sector of the manufacturing industry that can be prioritized for development in Mimika Regency

Labour Productivity as a Factor of Tangible Investment in Companies Producing Wind Energy Components and Its Impacts: Case of Lithuania

This paper aims at justifying the significance of investment in the improvement of labour productivity (LP) and importance of the latter on economic performance of companies manufacturing wind energy components (WEC) in Lithuania in terms of value added (VA) created, profitability and wage earned. The time period covered is 2000–2020. The following methods have been employed: analysis of legal acts, programmes, strategies, and business structure and finance indicators, interdependence (correlation and regression), trend, case analysis, logical economical reasoning and graphical representation. The research results of current status analysis showed that the business of WEC manufacturing is small in regard to their variety of products but increasing in terms of VA and employment in Lithuania. Investment has been found as a driver of improvement in LP. The calculated historical ratio of change in LP to investment showed that, on average, after 1000 EUR per employee has been invested in tangible assets (TA), the LP increased by 0.13 EUR/h. A higher than average ratio was found in the manufacture of other transport and repair and installation of machinery and equipment (1.41), such as rubber, plastic and other non-metallic mineral products (0.17), but lower in the manufacture of electronic and communication (0.12) and metal (0.06) products. Taking into account the linear curves of LP to investment in TA curve and the average volumes of investment in different manufacturing activities, it is estimated that LP could grow by 5.3% a year in the manufacture of electronic products, and communication equipment are expected to increase by two-fold to 33 EUR/h in 2030, but it could grow only by 2.0% a year in the manufacture of rubber, plastic and other non-metallic mineral products to reach 28 EUR/h in 2030. Due to investment related changes in LP, the VA created by WEC companies could increase by 5.9% a year and account to 2.9 billion EUR during 2021–2030. Net profitability and real wages (and salaries) could also increase in future. Seeking to use the potential of companies to manufacture WEC for domestic wind installations and exports, investment supporting programmes are of high importance in the fields of promotion of innovations, development of human capital and adaptation of new technologies.

Mitigation options for decarbonization of the non-metallic minerals industry and their impacts on costs, energy consumption and GHG emissions in the EU - Systematic literature review

The non-metallic minerals industry is the third-largest industrial energy consumer, and it constitutes around 7% of global CO 2 emissions due to the high energy intensity of production processes. Although the substantial improvement of the energy efficiency of this industry in the EU observed since 1995, the energy intensity of this sector is still relatively high. To reach the goals of the Paris Agreement, it is necessary to implement further steps towards the decarbonization of this sector. Previous works do not provide information about research trends in this field or the current development of technologies. To fill this gap, the following research questions have been asked: (Q1) which decarbonization measures are already applied or under development in the non-metallic minerals sector?; (Q2) which of these measures might bring breakthrough to this sector?; (Q3) what is the impact of these measures on costs, energy consumption and GHG emissions? To this end, this paper performs a systematic literature review of GHG emission mitigation options of the non-metallic minerals industry by screening 2964 articles and performing an in-depth analysis of 48 full-text relevant articles following the PRISMA approach. The results show that the carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is the most popular research topic and has the highest decarbonization potential for the industry (up to 60%). However, more research is needed for the full-scale implementation. Further lowering the clinker to cement ratio to at least 75% is also of major importance, however, it is a mature technology, and not much research is required in this field. Despite the relatively low representation in scientific literature, heat electrification is an unavoidable direction for the industry in the long term, resulting from the global shift towards sustainable energy from renewables. The article also sets directions for future research, especially in terms of further development of the most promising technologies and on the industry transition pathways that would be legally adopted at the international level. • The non-metallic minerals industry constitutes around 7% of global CO 2 emissions. • A systematic literature review of GHG emission mitigation options of the industry. • 2964 articles screened and 48 full-text articles analyzed. • CCS is the most discussed mitigation option, yet not ready for commercialization. • Heat electrification is an unavoidable direction, resulting from the climate policy.

A circular urban metabolism (CUM) framework to explore resource use patterns and circularity potential in an urban system

Urban areas with large population and economic activity are responsible for the increased resource and environmental challenges, making circular economy an important issue. Sustainable development and targeted suggestions for local areas are essential for policy implementation. In this study, a circular urban metabolism (CUM) framework was developed to assess resource use patterns for potential identification and policy initiatives of circular development. The framework was conceived as a circular process for sectoral material flow mechanisms, which was followed by resource use calculations and circularity potential analysis. In the Shanghai case, the CUM framework was testified and revealed dramatic increases of material inputs and outputs, doubled during 2000–2019. Close relationship with external areas was indicated by large resource consumption and pollution discharge. Specified by CUM, the expanded in-use stock, mainly consisted of non-metallic minerals used in construction sector, were one of the obstacles towards circularity. Energy-induced pollution was the other obstacle, which were suggested by mixed energy use initiatives. Sectoral policy to improve resource use patterns were finally provided at the city level.

SAHİPLİK YAPISININ SERMAYE YAPISINA ETKİLERİ: BORSA İSTANBUL’DA BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Bu çalışmada, sahiplik yapısının sermaye yapısına etkileri incelenmektir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, sermaye yapısı ve sahiplik yapısı kararlarını uyumlu hale getirebilmek için yöneticilere faydalı bilgiler sunmaktadır. Analizler, Borsa İstanbul sanayi sektöründe yüksek firma sayısına sahip üç alt sektörden yirmişer firmanın 2012-2017 dönemini kapsamaktadır. (1) Metal eşya, gereç ve makine yapımı; (2) Kimya, petrol, plastik ve kauçuk ürünleri; (3) Taş ve toprağa dayalı imalat sanayii sektörleri örnekleme dahil edilmiştir.
 Panel veri analizi sonuçlarına göre yabancı sahiplik finansal kaldıracı azaltmaktadır. Yüksek kurumsal sahiplik payı veya yüksek halka açıklık oranı olan firmalar daha fazla kaldıraç kullanmaktadır. İkinci ve üçüncü ortakların sermaye payları; en büyük ortağın sermaye payına yakınlaştığında, borç kullanımı artmaktadır. Ancak, hakim hissedar payının sermaye yapısına istatistiki bir etkisi olduğuna yönelik kanıt elde edilememiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular sahiplik yapısının dolaylı veya direkt olarak, sermaye yapısına bazı etkileri olduğunu desteklemektedir.

New Evidence of Submarine Exhalative Sedimentation in the Uranium-Polymetallic Phosphorite Deposit in Baizhuyu, Hunan, China

There are as many as 25 kinds of minerals (including non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, rare and dispersed elements, precious metals, non-metallic and energy minerals) enriched in uranium-polymetallic fertile beds in black rock series, which is therefore widely attracting scholars all over the world. However, there is still great controversy in terms of the metallogenic mechanism in such beds. The black rock series have been systematically sampled from the Baizhuyu deposit in northwestern Hunan Province, China based on field geological and radioactivity surveys. Major and trace elements as well as rare earth elements (REE) of uranium-polymetallic phosphorite and its wall rocks were analyzed. Furthermore, carbon and oxygen isotopes, Sm-Nd isotopes, and mineralogy of the Baizhuyu deposit were studied. The results show that dolomite is a normal marine sediment, while and uranium-polymetallic elements were pre-enriched in phosphorites and black carbonaceous argillaceous shales and slates that formed from marine sedimentation and submarine exhalative sedimentation. Hydrothermal reworking to uranium-polymetallic phosphorites is significant as a result of submarine exhalative sedimentation. The research results of this paper can support a better understanding of metallogenesis and the future exploration of uranium-polymetallic phosphorite in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the study area.

Effect of Supplier Collaboration on Company Performance through Lean Manufacture and Inventory Control

This study examined how supplier collaboration practices can affect company performance through the mediation of lean manufacturing and inventory control in the context of Java, Indonesia. The mediating effect of lean manufacturing and inventory control on the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance was investigated. This survey was collected among 88 manufacturing companies on the island of Java, which are engaged in the chemical and chemical goods sector and the non-metallic minerals industry. Validity and reliability analysis and structural equation modeling to test hypotheses using smartPLS software. This study reveals that supplier collaboration practices positively and significantly affect company performance. In addition, it also found that inventory control positively and significantly mediates the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance. In contrast, lean manufacturing does not significantly mediate the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mediation effect in the practice of inventory control and lean manufacturing on the company performance-supplier collaboration relationship. Company leaders also gain insight on how to collaborate with suppliers to help companies implement more efficient business practices by making continuous improvements and always maintaining inventory levels so that companies can improve their performance.

Economic analysis of the hard-to-abate sectors in India

We assess the contribution of India's hard-to-abate sectors to the country's current emissions and their likely future trajectory of development under different policy regimes. We employ an enhanced version of the MIT Economic Projection and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model to explicitly represent the following hard-to-abate sectors: iron and steel, non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum, zinc, etc.), non-metallic minerals (cement, plaster, lime, etc.), and chemicals. We find that, without additional policies, the Paris Agreement pledges made by India for the year 2030 still can lead to an increasing use of fossil fuels and corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with projected CO2 emissions from hard-to-abate sectors growing by about 2.6 times from 2020 to 2050. Scenarios with electrification, natural gas support, or increased resource efficiency lead to a decrease in emissions from these sectors by 15–20% in 2050, but without carbon pricing (or disruptive technology changes) emissions are not reduced relative to their current levels due to growth in output. Carbon pricing that makes carbon capture and storage (CCS) economically competitive is critical for achieving substantial emission reductions in hard-to-abate sectors, enabling emission reductions of 80% by 2050 relative the scenario without additional policies. Without a substantial government support, decarbonization of India's hard-to-abate sectors will not be achievable.

Will ASEAN countries be a potential choice for the export of pollution intensive goods?

China, being the world's largest exporter, has now certain environmental commitments such as to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. These commitments of China has raised a reasonable concern regarding the expected reduction in the production and export of pollution intensive goods in the future. Besides China, the most efficient countries in the region to produce these goods are most of the member countries from ASEAN. The current study therefore aims to analyze if in the future, China reduces the production and export of these goods, whether the selected ASEAN countries can be the next choice for the export of pollution intensive goods. Based on the data availability for the period 1990-2019, this study considers five selected ASEAN countries (ASEAN-5). The results are based on the Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to cointegration and Error Correction Modeling (ECM). The aggregate analysis of five pollution intensive goods (pulp and paper (341), industrial chemicals (351), non-metallic minerals products (369), iron and steel (371) and non-ferrous metals (372)) suggests that Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow can significantly increase the export of pollution intensive goods only in case of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. However, there is no significant effect of FDI on the export of pollution intensive goods in case of Philippines and Singapore. The disaggregate analyses of the five pollution intensive goods suggest that in each of the ASEAN-5 countries, FDI inflow can significantly increase the export of pollution intensive goods in some of these industries rather than in all of them. In nutshell, it is concluded that ASEAN-5 countries can be a potential choice for the export of pollution intensive goods in some of the pollution intensive industries but not in all of them.