Non-melanocytic Skin Tumors Research Articles

Mosaic aneuploidy in a patient with periocular basal cell carcinoma. Report of a case

Basal cell carcinoma constitutes approximately 80% of non-melanocytic skin tumors and originates in the basal layer of the epidermis and its appendages. Genetic alterations that affect neoplastic development have been identified, caused by external physical or chemical agents, hereditary, chromosomal rearrangements, allelic loss and gene amplification. This article presents a white-skinned male individual, 64 years old, with a diagnosis of periocular basal cell carcinoma, who underwent a cytogenetic study of the tumor tissue and a mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy was identified.The presence of mosaic aneuploidy in patients with periocular basal cell carcinoma suggests that chromosomal aberrations may play an important role in tumor progression and aggressiveness. This finding highlights the need to integrate cytogenetic studies in the clinical evaluation of skin tumors, facilitating a better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms, opening new avenues for therapeutic research.

Exploring the Dermoscopic Spectrum and Examination of Non-Melanocytic Benign Skin Tumors in Humans

Exploring the Dermoscopic Spectrum and Examination of Non-Melanocytic Benign Skin Tumors in Humans

Minimally Invasive Plasma Device Management of Multiple Benign Skin Cancers Associated with Rare Genodermatoses-Case Series and Review of the Therapeutic Methods.

Background: Non-melanocytic benign skin tumours encompass a diverse group of lesions, classified based on their cellular origin, such as epidermal, vascular, fibrous, neural, muscle, and adnexal tumours. Though they often reveal solitary lesions, multiple skin tumours focus on genodermatoses. Each syndrome exhibits distinct clinical characteristics and potential complications, including cutaneous and extra-cutaneous malignancies, some of which are potentially life-threatening. Diagnosing genetic syndromes is complex and requires numerous histopathological and immunohistochemistry tests due to similarities between the adnexal tumours and basal cell carcinoma upon pathology. Methods: To illustrate the clinical practice, we conducted a retrospective case study that included eleven patients with genodermatoses referred to a tertiary dermatology clinic from September 2018 to April 2024. We have also conducted a research study on available treatment modalities in this setting. Results: Five patients with excellent aesthetic results were treated using a recently approved FDA plasma device. After searching SCOPUS and PubMed database records, we assessed 96 original articles to present current knowledge regarding the dermato-surgical approach. Conclusions: Multiple skin tumours, especially on the face, may significantly affect patients' quality of life and have psychological consequences. An appropriate treatment selection tailored to the patient's needs should be provided. There is no standardised treatment for multiple benign tumours in genodermatoses, and selected methods with varying efficacy are employed. We presented the utility of a new plasma device in these settings.

Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) for Skin Imaging in Dermatology.

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging technique based on a combination of the principles of optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy with line-field illumination, which can generate cell-resolved images of the skin in vivo. This article reports on the LC-OCT technique and its application in dermatology. The principle of the technique is described, and the latest technological innovations are presented. The technology has been miniaturized to fit within an ergonomic handheld probe, allowing for the easy access of any skin area on the body. The performance of the LC-OCT device in terms of resolution, field of view, and acquisition speed is reported. The use of LC-OCT in dermatology for the non-invasive detection, characterization, and therapeutic follow-up of various skin pathologies is discussed. Benign and malignant melanocytic lesions, non-melanocytic skin tumors, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis, and inflammatory and infectious skin conditions are considered. Dedicated deep learning algorithms have been developed for assisting in the analysis of LC-OCT images of skin lesions.

Deep learning-based semantic segmentation of non-melanocytic skin tumors in whole-slide histopathological images.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the two most common skin cancer and impose a huge medical burden on society. Histopathological examination based on whole-slide images (WSIs) remains to be the confirmatory diagnostic method for skin tumors. Accurate segmentation of tumor tissue in WSIs by deep-learning (DL) models can reduce the workload of pathologists and help surgeons ensure the complete removal of tumors. To accurately segment the tumor areas in WSIs of BCC, SCC and squamous cell papilloma (SCP, homologous to SCC) with robust models. We established a data set (ZJU-NMSC) containing 151 WSIs of BCC, SCC and SCP in total. Seven models were utilized to segment WSIs, including the state-of-the-art model, models proposed by us and other models. Dice score, intersection over union, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate and compare the performance of different models. Heatmaps and tumor tissue masks were generated to reflect the results of the segmentation. The processing times of models are also recorded and compared. While the dice score of most models is higher than 0.85, deeplab v3+ has the best performance and the corresponding tumor tissue mask is more consistent with the ground truth tumor areas even with complex and small lobular lesions. This study broadens the use of DL-based segmentation models in WSIs of skin tumors in terms of tumor types and computational approaches. Segmenting tumor areas can simplify the process of histopathological inspection and benefit the diagnosis and following management of the diseases in practice.

Fluorescent diagnostics of non-melanoma skin cancer

Fluorescent diagnostics is a promising method for diagnosing non-melanocytic skin tumors, which makes it possible to identify clinically undetectable skin cancer foci and clarify the margin of the tumor lesion. The main drugs for ‹uorescent diagnostics are drugs based on 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester. Sensitivity indicators of ‹uorescent diagnostics in basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget’s disease reach 79.0-100.0%, speci city – 55.6-100%. But the effectiveness of this method may be reduced due to hyperkeratinization, keratinization, and the presence of necrotic tissue on the surface of tumor foci. Comparative studies of the results of ‹uorescent diagnostics and histological mapping during tumor removal using Mohs micrographic surgery showed approximately equal results in the determining of the tumor edges by these methods, which indicates that safe and technically easily performed ‹uorescent diagnostics can serve as a good alternative to Mohs micrographic surgery, one of the most accurate, but rather labor-intensive and technically complex method for determining the margin of skin cancer foci.

Common Benign Melanocytic and Non-Melanocytic Skin Tumors among the Elderly: Results of the Graz Study on Health and Aging

Background and Objectives: Benign skin tumors are the most common skin findings and contribute to the major reasons for consulting a dermatologist. However, the frequency of benign skin tumors concerning different body areas and their relationship with sun-related behavior have not been sufficiently characterized. We aimed to improve knowledge about the anatomic distribution of the most frequently occurring benign skin tumors among a healthy predominant elderly population. Furthermore, we investigated associations with sun-related habits. Methods: In total, 100 participants, 37 men, and 63 women (mean age: 67.2 years; range: 46–86 years) were enrolled in the Graz Study on Health and Aging (GSHA) cohort. Full body images were investigated for melanocytic nevi, seborrheic keratoses, hemangiomas, dermatofibromas, and lentigines. Information on the phenotypic trait, sun exposure, use of sun-protective measures, and history of sunburns was collected in a questionnaire. Results: Common melanocytic nevi were the most frequently encountered skin lesions. Male sex was associated with multiple common nevi on the abdomen and the presence of atypical nevi. High sun exposure in central European latitudes during adolescence was positively associated with multiple common nevi on the total body. Multiple common nevi and atypical nevi on the back correlated with frequent use of sunscreens with SPF during young adulthood and adolescence, respectively. Conclusion: Our study adds new knowledge about the most frequently occurring benign skin tumors, considering all visible body areas. This research may serve as a reference basis for following epidemiological studies.

Дерматоскопическая характеристика различных сосудистых признаков в опухолях кожи

The authors considered the dermatoscopic vascular signs most frequently encountered in the practice of dermatologists, cosmetologists and oncologists in melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin tumors. The paper presents modern views on dermatoscopic diagnosis of skin tumors. Based on clinical experience and data from the literature, dermatoscopic features that occur in various melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin tumors are identified.

Problemic issues in Molecular Characterization, Risk of Progression and Recurrence of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin

Non-melanoma skin tumors are a fairly common. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is characterized by particularly high malignancy, which is due to a high ability to metastasize. However, it has also been shown that patients with basal cell carcinoma of the skin have an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma. The molecular phenotype of these tumors, as well as markers of progression, are not well studied. There is also no clear opinion about the origin of these tumors, although it is assumed that both of them have a common progenitor cell, namely, basal cells of the skin appendages of basal cell carcinoma, and basal cells of the epidermis of squamous cell carcinoma. In the current literature, there are only sparse and conflicting data on molecular markers of non-melanoma skin tumors and the risk of their progression. In addition, the correlation between dermoscopic data and histopathological characteristics of nonmelanocytic skin tumors has not been studied. The molecular characteristics of non-melanoma skin tumors, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin need to be studied in detail, in particular the risk markers of progression and recurrence of these tumors. Correlation between dermoscopic and histopathological data can also reveal valuable information. Therefore, it is important to study the phenotypic characteristics of basal cells and use their molecular characteristics to assess the risk of recurrence and progression of the mentioned diseases.

Dermoscopy of Non-Melanocytic Skin Tumors: A Descriptive Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique that enhances visualization of morphological lesions invisible to naked eye examination and aids in clinical diagnosis. We study its role in non-melanocytic skin tumors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dermoscopic features of non-melanocyte skin tumors of skin Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study including patients clinically diagnosed as non-melanocytic epidermal tumors was conducted. All dermoscopic findings were studied using a handheld pocket dermoscope (Dermlite DL1) and recorded in a preset proforma. Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study with mean age of 37 (+/-18.34). There were 56 % females. The face was the commonest site of involvement (56%). Seborrheic keratosis was the commonest clinical diagnosis (55%), followed by pyogenic granuloma 8%, cherry angioma 7%, haemangioma 6%, basal cell carcinoma 5%, achrochordons 4%, xanthelasma, and sebaceous hyperplasia in 3% each. Squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis were seen in 2% each; Angiokeratoma, Bowens disease, stetocytoma multiplex, syringoma, and neurofibroma were all found in 1% of the patients. In dermoscopy, vascular changes were seen in 41% patients, which appeared as regular in 56.1% and rest 43.9% as irregular. Non-vascular changes were seen in 68%. Dermoscopic findings of vascular and non-vascular changes were statistically significantly associated with various types of non-melanocytic epidermal tumors (P <0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows histopathological correlation with the existing dermoscopic characteristics increases the diagnostic accuracy of various non-melanocytic tumors. However, more studies are warranted to statistically prove its utility.

A Retrospective Histopathological Study of Non-Melanocytic Skin Tumors

Background: Three most frequent primary skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma. Together SCC and BCC are referred to as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). NMSCs comprise of 1-2% of all diagnosed cancers in India in contrast to one-third in whites. SCC represents 30%-65% of skin cancers in blacks and Indians, whereas BCC contributes to 65%-75% of skin cancers in whites.
 Methods: Total 100 cases of Non-melanocytic skin Tumors were studied retrospectively by paraffin section and H&E staining.
 
 Result: A histopathological study of 100 cases of non-melanocytic skin tumors was carried out in Department of pathology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad over a period of two years from January 2015 to December 2017. Out of 100 cases, histopathologically 57 were diagnosed as benign and 43 as malignant lesions. Among 57 benign lesions, 31 (55%) were tumors of epidermal in origin, 10 (17%) were epidermal appendageal in origin and 16 (28%) were soft tissue in origin. Out of 43 malignant cases, 37 (87%) were tumors of epidermal origin, 04 (09%) were lymphoma, 01 (2%) was leiomyosarcoma and 01 (2%) was metastatic carcinoma.
 
 Conclusion: Unlike in the western countries, in India Squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest histologic variety. Diagnosis of skin tumor can be done by correlating clinical features, gross and histologic appearances. In some cases, rare entities and problems of differential diagnosis may be solved with the help of immunohistochemical and/or electron microscopic studies.

Automated segmentation of epidermis in high-frequency ultrasound of pathological skin using a cascade of DeepLab v3+ networks and fuzzy connectedness.

This study proposes a novel, fully automated framework for epidermal layer segmentation in different skin diseases based on 75MHz high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) image data. A robust epidermis segmentation is a vital first step to detect changes in thickness, shape, and intensity and therefore support diagnosis and treatment monitoring in inflammatory and neoplastic skin lesions. Our framework links deep learning and fuzzy connectedness for image analysis. It consists of a cascade of two DeepLab v3+models with a ResNet-50 backbone and a fuzzy connectedness analysis module for fine segmentation. Both deep models are pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset and subjected to transfer learning using our HFUS database of 580 images with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and non-melanocytic skin tumors. The first deep model is used to detect the appropriate region of interest, while the second stands for the main segmentation procedure. We use the softmax layer of the latter twofold to prepare the input data for fuzzy connectedness analysis: as a reservoir of seed points and a direct contribution to the input image. In the experiments, we analyze different configurations of the framework, including region of interest detection, deep model backbones and training loss functions, or fuzzy connectedness analysis with parameter settings. We also use the Dice index and epidermis thickness to compare our results to state-of-the-art approaches. The Dice index of 0.919 yielded by our model over the entire dataset (and exceeding 0.93 in inflammatory diseases) proves its superiority over the other methods.

Actualización en tumores cutáneos no melanocíticos

Non-melanocytic skin tumors encompass a heterogeneous group of lesions. Many of them are benign in nature, such as seborrheic keratosis, and others are malignant, such as non-melanoma skin cancer, which mainly includes keratinocyte neoplasms (basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma) and less frequent tumors such as Kaposi sarcoma and skin lymphomas, among others. Non-melanocytic skin tumors have diverse origins within the epidermis, the appendages, the dermal connective tissue, or subcutaneous tissue, as well as the structures that are found in the dermis, including nerves and blood vessels. Depending on its origin and nature—benign or malignant—they will have different clinical and dermoscopic characteristics. Therefore, knowing their clinical manifestations is essential for an early diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis of these skin lesions will be made through a clinical examination and, in certain cases, will require histological confirmation, given that surgery is the treatment of choice for the majority of malignant tumors.

Dermatoses in the hospital and their impact on quality of life

Sir, Dermatological pathologies may be responsible for the creation of a real handicap, affecting the patient’s self-esteem and their professional and social life. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diseases on the quality of life of patients hospitalized at the dermatology department. The following was a retrospective study that included patients over eighteen years of age, hospitalized at the dermatology department of Hospital Mohammed VI in Oujda from January 2018 through December 2019. The Arabic version of the validated DLQI was used for all patients [1]. A total of 294 patients were collected, with a mean age of 53.95 years and a male-to-female ratio of 0.85. The most frequent reasons for hospitalization were infectious dermo-hypodermitis (n = 51), autoimmune bullous dermatosis (n = 23), severe drug eruption (n = 20), genodermatosis (n = 17), melanocytic (n = 9) and non-melanocytic skin tumors (n = 17), severe psoriasis (n = 17), cutaneous lymphoma (n = 11), alopecia areata (n = 10), dermatomyositis (n = 8), and Verneuil’s disease (n = 5). The DLQI was impossible to calculate in eleven patients. The mean DLQI in all patients was 10.20, corresponding to a moderate effect on quality of life. The mean DLQI was as follows: Verneuil’s disease at 17.4, severe psoriasis at 16.6, dermatomyositis at 14.42, genodermatosis at 12.37, cutaneous lymphoma at 11.45, severe drug eruption at 11, alopecia areata at 10.5, AIBD at 9.67, skin tumors at 7.76, and infectious dermo-hypodermitis at 7.52. The DLQI was the first index measuring quality of life in dermatology and is still widely used today[2]. The number of publications concerning the impact of dermatological pathologies on quality of life has increased in recent years [3]. Our results showed that the DLQI was higher in patients with Verneuil’s disease, severe psoriasis, and dermatomyositis. These results agree with the data of the literature, many publications have shown that psoriasis seriously impaired the quality of life and was responsible of social anxiety in patients [4]. Verneuil’s disease is also responsible of a significant impairment on quality of life mainly due to the sexual disorders caused by this pathology [5]. Another study on dermatomyositis showed that there is a significant correlation between the severity of skin signs and the quality of life of patients [6]. Dermatological pathologies are distinguished from other pathologies by their displaying character, which is responsible for a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. The management of dermatology patients requires psychological support in addition to conventional therapy. However, these pathologies are still not recognized as long-term illnesses in Morocco.

Corelaţia dintre apariţia tumorilor cutanate nonmelanocitare și expunerea la radiații UV

Introduction. In the last 30 years, the incidence of non-melanocytic skin tumors (NMRTs) has increased alarmingly. The most common subtype of TCNM is basal cell carcinoma followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Material and method. This retrospective study was performed on a group of 140 patients. Patients diagnosed with C44 nonmelanocytic malignancy according to ICD-10 were included in the study. Results. Of the 140 patients, 118 (84%) received the presumptive diagnosis of CBC and 17 (12%) the diagnosis of CSC. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CBC in 76% of cases and that of CSC in 58% of cases. Regarding the number of lesions, cases with a single lesion predominate (94%). In terms of clinical form, the most common type of basal cell carcinoma in the study group was 75% nodular carcinoma. Conclusions. There is a need for more studies for the application of prevention and proper management from the family doctor to the specialist.

常见非黑素细胞性皮肤肿瘤皮肤镜特征与组织病理表现的对应关系专家共识

常见非黑素细胞性皮肤肿瘤皮肤镜特征与组织病理表现的对应关系专家共识

Skin Ultrasound as a Diagnostic Approach for Non-melanocytic Benign Skin Tumors

Background. The diagnostic imaging techniques in dermatology, such as skin ultrasound, could improve the diagnosis of non-melanocytic benign tumor lesions, especially those of intradermal and subcutaneous nature. Objective. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the validity and diagnostic safety of high-frequency ultrasound as a diagnostic test for non-melanocytic benign skin tumor detection. The specific objectives were to measure the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound as a measure of the validity relative to the gold-standard test – diagnostic-therapeutic biopsy. Methods. This study was carried out between January 2017 and June 2019. The patients (n = 641) included in this study comprised of 318 women and 323 men who were between 48 and 74 years. All of them underwent an ultrasound examination of the skin tumor in the dermatology clinic, the removal of the non-melanocytic tumor, and a final histopathological examination. Results. The skin ultrasound has a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 88%, respectively. Furthermore, the positive and negative predictive values of using skin ultrasound are 84% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion. Skin ultrasound is a diagnostic technique with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of non-melanocytic skin tumors.

Angioma as a clue to the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum.

Normally, the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) becomes clear due to the early onset of non-melanocytic skin tumors (NMT) and melanoma (M). Due to the well-known unable excision-repair of nucleo-tides damaged by ultraviolet rays, subjects with xeroderma pigmentosum have a 10,000 times higher risk of NMT; the risk of M is lower but still 2000 times greater than normal subjects. This fact makes us reflect on the different role of RUVs in the genesis of NMT and M. Even more it makes us reflect the fact that while in the normal subject the average age of onset of M is earlier than that of NMT, in the subject affected by XP the age of onset of melanoma is later than that of NMT (2). In the current case the diagnosis was made thanks to the onset of two angiomas at 10 years of age. We have not found in the literature cases of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) that have come to observation and have been diagnosed as such due to the presence of angiomas; there are descriptions of angiomas (3), epithelioid angioma (5), cavernous hemangioma (4), angiokeratoma (1) but these angiomas occurred in subjects who had already received a diagnosis of XP. In the present case, the initial diagnostic indication of extreme sensitivity to RUV despite the patient’s dark phototype was not understood and surprisingly the early and profuse appearance of freckles in photo-exposed sites passed over in silence, because it was given the same meaning as the sunburns of the father and his rutile relatives.

Update on Epidemiology of Non-Melanocytic Skin Tumors

Non-melanocytic skin tumors are the most common type of cancer, with increasing incidence and morbidity rates and around the world. Materials and methods: We performed a 5-year retrospective study regarding non-melanocytic skin cancer types � basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and metatypical carcinoma, that included 259 patients hospitalized in St. Spiridon Emergency Clinical Hospital�s Dermatology-Venereology Clinic, during 2013-2018, meaning 2.77% of all admitted patients. Results: This article describes the most common types of non-melanocytic skin cancer in our area: BCC was diagnosed in 87% of the patients, SCC in 12% and metatypical cancer in 1%. Our findings are in accordance with data reports over the last few years.

Current and future applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging in skin oncology.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a modern imaging technique that enables the in vivo or ex vivo characterization of skin lesions located in the epidermis and superficial dermis with a high quasi-microscopic resolution. Currently, it is considered to be the most promising imaging tool for the evaluation of superficial skin tumors. The in vivo mode adds the advantage of noninvasive, dynamic, in real-time assessment of the tumor associated vasculature and inflammation. It offers the possibility to repeatedly examine the same skin area without causing any damage and to monitor disease progression and treatment outcome. Furthermore, this novel technology allows the evaluation of the entire lesion and can be used to guide biopsies and to define tumor margins before surgical excision or other invasive therapies. CLSM diagnostic features may differentiate between the various histologic subtypes of skin tumors and therefore helps in choosing the best therapeutic approach. In this study, we present the CLSM characteristic features of the most common melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin tumors, as well as future possible CLSM applications in the study of experimental skin tumorigenesis on animal models.