non-Markovian Regime Research Articles

Dynamics of entanglement protection of two qubits using a driven laser field and detunings: Independent and common, Markovian and/or non-Markovian regimes

Preventing quantum entanglement from decoherence effect is of theoretical and practical importance in the quantum information processing technologies. In this regard, we consider the entanglement dynamics of two identical qubits where the qubits which are coupled to two independent (Markovian and/or non-Markovian) as well as a common reservoir at zero temperature are further interacted with a classical driving laser field. Then, we study the preservation of generated two-qubit entanglement in various situations using the concurrence measure. It is shown that by applying the classical driving field and so the possibility of controlling the Rabi frequency, the amount of entanglement of the two-qubit system is improved in the off-resonance condition between the qubit and the central cavity frequencies (central detuning) in both non-Markovian and Markovian reservoirs. While the central detuning has a constructive role, the detuning between the qubit and the classical field (laser detuning) affects negatively on the entanglement protection. The obtained results show that long-living entanglement in the non-Markovian reservoir is more accessible than in the Markovian reservoir. We demonstrate that, in a common reservoir non-zero stationary entanglement is achievable whenever the two-qubit system is coupled to the reservoir with appropriate values of relative coupling strengths.

Non-Markovian Effect in Optomechanical System

Most studies on optomechanical systems have been performed under the Markovian approximation. In this paper, we extend the study from the Markovian to the non-Markovian regime. According to the Markovian optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) theory in Weis et al. (Science 330, 1520, 2010), we propose the non-Markovian counterpart. We find that the non-Markovianity might give rise to negative absorption, i.e., the probe field gains from the environment. By calculating the mean position of the mechanical resonator (MR), we illustrate the effect of non-Markovianity on the dynamics of the moving mirror.

Disentanglement and quantum states transitions dynamics in spin-qutrit systems: dephasing random telegraph noise and the relevance of the initial state

Using negativity and realignment criterion as quantifiers of free and bound entanglements respectively, we present in details the analytical study of the entanglements and quantum states transitions dynamics in a two-qutrit system driven by dephasing random telegraph noise channel(s). Both collective and independent system–environment couplings as well as the Markovian and the non-Markovian regimes of the noise channel(s) are considered. Two non-equivalent initial states and their locally equivalent through a local unitary operation (LUO) are also considered. We demonstrate a stronger entanglement under independent Markovian environments than with a collective one; meanwhile, for the non-Markovian regime, entanglement is stronger under a collective environment than with independent ones. States transitions as well as the (re)activation of bound entanglement (for initially free entangled states) can be found for a specific class of initial states, but can, however, be avoided by means of a LUO on the initial state. While unavoidable disentanglement occurs for independents coupling, we demonstrate the possibility of indefinite free entanglement survival in the qutrit system under a common environment by converting the initial entangled state using the local unitary operation.

Memory-induced acceleration and slowdown of barrier crossing.

We study the mean first-passage time τMFP for the barrier crossing of a single massive particle with non-Markovian memory by Langevin simulations in one dimension. In the Markovian limit of short memory time τΓ, the expected Kramers turnover between the overdamped (high-friction) and the inertial (low-friction) limits is recovered. Compared to the Markovian case, we find barrier crossing to be accelerated for intermediate memory time, while for long memory time, barrier crossing is slowed down and τMFP increases with τΓ as a power law τMFP∼τΓ2. Both effects are derived from an asymptotic propagator analysis: while barrier crossing acceleration at intermediate memory can be understood as an effective particle mass reduction, slowing down for long memory is caused by the slow kinetics of energy diffusion. A simple and globally accurate heuristic formula for τMFP in terms of all relevant time scales of the system is presented and used to establish a scaling diagram featuring the Markovian overdamped and the Markovian inertial regimes, as well as the non-Markovian intermediate memory time regime where barrier crossing is accelerated and the non-Markovian long memory time regime where barrier crossing is slowed down.

Non-Markovian Regime-Switching Models

This paper revisits the non-Markovian regime switching model considered by Chib and Dueker (2004), who employ an autoregressive continuous latent variable in order to specify the dynamics of the latent regime-indicator variable. We show that, in spite of the non-Markovian nature of the regime indicator variable, the Markovian property of this continuous latent variable allows us to easily estimate the model within the Bayesian framework without any approximations. In particular, we show that the conventional Gibbs sampling is enough in generating the regime indicator variable as well as the continuous latent variable conditional on all the parameters of the model and data. For an application to business cycle modeling of postwar US real GDP, a modified version of Hamilton’s (1989) Markovian switching model is slightly preferred to a non-Markovian switching model by the Bayesian model selection criterion. For an application to volatility modeling of the weekly stock return, a non-Markovian switching model with endogenous switching or the leverage effect is strongly preferred to Markovian switching models.

Preservation of Quantum Fisher Information and Geometric Phase of a Single Qubit System in a Dissipative Reservoir Through the Addition of Qubits

In this paper, we have investigated the preservation of quantum Fisher information of a single-qubit system coupled to a common zero temperature reservoir through the addition of noninteracting qubits. The results show that, the QFI is completely protected in both Markovian and non-Markovian regimes by increasing the number of additional qubits. Besides, the phenomena of QFI display monotonic decay or non-monotonic with revival oscillations depending on the number of additional qubits in a common dissipative reservoir. Moreover, we extend this model to investigate the effect of additional qubits N-1 and the initial conditions of the system on the geometric phase. It is found that, the robustness of GP against the dissipative reservoir has been demonstrated by increasing gradually the number of additional qubits. Besides, the GP is sensitive to the initial parameter theta, and possesses symmetric in a range regime 0,2 pi.

Stable and metastable freezing of classical correlations in qutrits

We study the dynamics of quantum and classical correlations in a two-qutrit system coupled to independent reservoirs. In particular, we addressed the differences in the dynamics of Markovian and non-Markovian regimes and show that for specific initial states, classical correlations exhibit abrupt changes along the dynamics. A particular sudden change occurs when the classical correlations freezes to a certain value at a given time, revealing the apparition of a pointer-state basis. After this given time, the decoherence only affects quantum correlations. Here we identify two regimes in the decoherence dynamics: a mixed regime when both classical and quantum correlations decay and a quantum regime when only quantum correlations decay. We show that the freezing of classical correlations can be stable or metastable depending on the system-reservoirs parameters. In the long-time limit, we find analytical expressions for the pointer-state basis the system settles in, and consequently for classical and quantum correlations.

Recovering the lost steerability of quantum states within non-Markovian environments by utilizing quantum partially collapsing measurements

In this letter, we mainly investigate the dynamic behavior of quantum steering and how to effectively recover the lost steerability of quantum states within non-Markovian environments. We consider two different cases (one-subsystem or all-subsystem interaction with dissipative environments), and find that the dynamical interaction between a system initialized by a Werner state and a non-Markovian environment can induce quasi-periodic quantum entanglement (concurrence) resurgence, however, quantum steering cannot be retrieved in such a condition. We also find that the resurgent quantum entanglement cannot be utilized to achieve quantum steering. Subsequently, we put forward a feasible physical scheme for recovering the steerability of quantum states within non-Markovian noises by prior weak measurement on each subsystem before interaction with dissipative environments, followed by post weak measurement reversal. It is shown that the steerability of quantum states and fidelity can be effectively restored. Furthermore, the results show that the larger the weak measurement strength, the better the effectiveness of the scheme. Consequently, our investigations might be beneficial to recover the lost steerability of quantum states within non-Markovian regimes.

Quantum coherence and entanglement preservation in Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics via additional qubits

In this paper, we investigate preservation of quantum coherence of a single-qubit interacting with a zero-temperature thermal reservoir through the addition of noninteracting qubits in the reservoir. Moreover, we extend this scheme to preserve quantum entanglement between two and three distant qubits, each of which interacts with a dissipative reservoir independently. At the long time limit, we obtained analytical expressions for the coherence measure and the concurrence of two and three qubits in terms of the number of additional qubits. It is observed that, by increasing the number of additional qubits in each reservoir, the initial coherence and the respective entanglements are completely protected in both Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. Interestingly, the protection of entanglements occurs even under the individually different behaviors of the reservoirs.

Probing nonclassicality under dissipation

We investigate the nonclassicality of an open quantum system using Leggett–Garg inequalities (LGI) which test the correlations of a single system measured at different times. Violation of LGI implies nonclassical behavior of the open system. We investigate the violation of the Leggett–Garg inequality for a two level system (qubit) spontaneously decaying under a general non-Markovian dissipative environment. A robust nonclassical behavior is shown through the violation of LGI in the non-Markovian regime of the environment. Our results are exact as we have evaluated the two-time correlation functions exactly without using quantum regression theorem. We probe quantum signatures of the open system through the exact dynamics of Leggett–Garg inequalities for a wide range of system-environment parameters beyond Born–Markov regime.

Quantum correlations and coherence dynamics in qutrit–qutrit systems under mixed classical environmental noises

We investigate the dynamics of entanglement, quantum discord (QD) and state coherence in a bipartite and noninteracting spin-qutrits system under mixed classical noises. Specifically, the collective effects of static noise (SN) and random telegraphic noise (RTN) each being coupled with a marginal system, are analyzed. While the static noise models a non-Markovian environment, the dynamic noise can model both a Markovian or a non-Markovian environment, and both dynamics are studied. We show that quantum correlations and coherence may survive the noise degrading effects at sufficiently long time when the Markovian regime of the RTN is considered. Meanwhile, the opposite is found in the non-Markovian regime, wherein the nonmonotonic dynamics of quantum features avoid sudden death phenomena. However, the static noise is more fatal to the survival of quantum correlations and quantum state coherence as compared to the RTN.

Pure dephasing of single Mn spin in semiconductor quantum dots

We present comprehensive analytical and numerical studies on the pure dephasing of a single Mn spin in a semiconductor quantum dot due to (i) its sp-d exchange interaction with an electronic environment, and (ii) its hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin environment. For (i), by modeling the electronic environment by an open two-level system, we provide exact analytical expressions and present detailed analysis for the Mn spin pure dephasing in both the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. This provides a clear physical picture and a general theoretical framework based on which we estimate the Mn spin pure dephasing due to various fluctuations (such as thermal excitation, optical pumping, tunneling, or electron/hole spin relaxation) of the electronic environment and reveals a series of interesting behaviors, such as thermal, optical, and electrical control of the crossover between the Markov and non-Markov regimes. In particular, we find rapid Mn spin pure dephasing on a nanosecond time scale by the thermal fluctuation and optical pumping, but these mechanisms can be strongly suppressed by shifting the electron envelope function relative to the Mn atom with an external electric field through the quantum-confined Stark effect. The thermal fluctuation mechanism is also exponentially suppressed at low temperature. For (ii), we find that the Mn spin dephasing time is limited by the thermal fluctuation of the nuclear spins to a few microseconds even at low temperature and its value varies from sample to sample, depending on the distribution of spinful isotopes on the nearest-neighbor sites surrounding the substitutional Mn atom. Our findings may be useful to understand and suppress the Mn spin pure dephasing for its applications in quantum information processing.

Optomechanical force sensor in a non-Markovian regime

An optomechanical force sensor for a mechanical oscillator in a non-Markovian environment is presented. By performing homodyne detection, we obtain a general expression for the output signal. It is shown that the weak force detection is sensitive to the non-Markovian environment. The additional noise can be reduced and the mechanical sensitivity can be obviously amplified compared to the Markovian condition even in resolved sideband regimes without using assistant systems or squeezing. Our results provide a promising platform for improving the sensitivity of weak-force ultrasensitive detection.

Non-Markovian dynamics of quantum coherence of two-level system driven by classical field

In this paper, we study the quantum coherence dynamics of two-level atom system embedded in non-Markovian reservoir in the presence of classical driving field. We analyze the influence of memory effects, classical driving, and detuning on the quantum coherence. It is found that the quantum coherence has different behaviors in resonant case and non-resonant case. In the resonant case, in stark contrast with previous results, the strength of classical driving plays a negative effect on quantum coherence, while detuning parameter has the opposite effect. However, in non-resonant case through a long time, classical driving and detuning parameter have a different influence on quantum coherence compared with resonant case. Due to the memory effect of environment, in comparison with Markovian regime, quantum coherence presents vibrational variations in non-Markovian regime. In the resonant case, all quantum coherence converges to a fixed maximum value; in the non-resonant case, quantum coherence evolves to different stable values. For zero-coherence initial states, quantum coherence can be generated with evolution time. Our discussions and results should be helpful in manipulating and preserving the quantum coherence in dissipative environment with classical driving field.

Objectivity in the non-Markovian spin-boson model

Objectivity constitutes one of the main features of the macroscopic classical world. An important aspect of the quantum-to-classical transition issue is to explain how such a property arises from the microscopic quantum world. Recently, within the framework of open quantum systems, there has been proposed such a mechanism in terms of the, so-called, Spectrum Broadcast Structures. These are multipartite quantum states of the system of interest and a part of its environment, assumed to be under an observation. This approach requires a departure from the standard open quantum systems methods, as the environment cannot be completely neglected. In the present work we study the emergence of such a state-structures in one of the canonical models of the condensed matter theory: Spin-boson model, describing the dynamics of a two-level system coupled to an environment made up by a large number of harmonic oscillators. We pay much attention to the behavior of the model in the non-Markovian regime, in order to provide a testbed to analyze how the non-Markovian nature of the evolution affects the surfacing of a spectrum broadcast structure.

Quantum measurements in spin-boson model under non-Markovian environment

We propose a control approach of the parameter estimation for a two-level quantum system interacting with a bosonic reservoir considering non-Markovian open, dissipative quantum system. We show that the precision of the estimation significantly affected and behaves differently within the framework of the markovian and non-Markovian regimes. The influence of memory effects for an Ohmic reservoir with Lorentz-Drude regularization on the estimation-parameter precision are numerically demonstrated under the following three conditions: ω0⪡ωc, ω0≈ωc or ω0⪢ωc, where ω0 is the characteristic frequency of the two-level system, and ωc is the cut-off frequency of Ohmic reservoir. We investigate the precision rate in high temperature, intermediate temperature, and low temperature reservoirs for various values of the ratio r=ωc/ω0 considering manifold external fields. We reveal that the enhancement and preservation of the measurement precision, highly depend on the combination of the external control field, reservoir parameters, and non-Markovian effects.

Entropic uncertainty relations for Markovian and non-Markovian processes under a structured bosonic reservoir

The uncertainty relation is a fundamental limit in quantum mechanics and is of great importance to quantum information processing as it relates to quantum precision measurement. Due to interactions with the surrounding environment, a quantum system will unavoidably suffer from decoherence. Here, we investigate the dynamic behaviors of the entropic uncertainty relation of an atom-cavity interacting system under a bosonic reservoir during the crossover between Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. Specifically, we explore the dynamic behavior of the entropic uncertainty relation for a pair of incompatible observables under the reservoir-induced atomic decay effect both with and without quantum memory. We find that the uncertainty dramatically depends on both the atom-cavity and the cavity-reservoir interactions, as well as the correlation time, τ, of the structured reservoir. Furthermore, we verify that the uncertainty is anti-correlated with the purity of the state of the observed qubit-system. We also propose a remarkably simple and efficient way to reduce the uncertainty by utilizing quantum weak measurement reversal. Therefore our work offers a new insight into the uncertainty dynamics for multi-component measurements within an open system, and is thus important for quantum precision measurements.

Payoffs and coherence of a quantum two-player game under noisy environment

In this work, we mainly analyse the dynamics of quantum coherence, entanglement, geometric quantum discord and payoffs of a two-player quantum game under noisy environment. Our results indicate that unitary strategies do not change resource measures but change players' payoffs, and entangled operator changes both. Different measures have different variations with noise parameter and entanglement parameter. The behaviors of all quantifiers and payoffs in Markovian regime are different from the case of the non-Markovian regime. The case when only one of the two players is affected by noise gives different results from the case when the noise acts on both players. We find that the game symmetry is broken under noisy environment.

Time evolution of quantum correlations in superconducting flux-qubits under classical noises

We analyze the dynamics of both entanglement and quantum discord (QD) in a system of two non-interacting flux-qubits initially prepared in a Bell's state and subjected to either static or random telegraph noises (RTNs). Both independent and common sources of system-environment coupling are considered either in the Markovian or non-Markovian regime and the results are compared to those of ordinary qubits. Under suitable conditions, both entanglement and QD are more robust in flux-qubit systems than classical ones. In the Markovian regime where the decay is monotonic, they are both stronger in different environment coupling than in common coupling, while the opposite is found in the non-Markovian regime where the dynamics is stressed by sudden death and revival phenomena, more robust in qubits than in flux-qubits under dynamical RTN. Weakness of revival amplitudes is interpreted as a noise spectrum-related induced interaction affecting quantum features of the system, while energy level non-degeneracy (at zero-splitting) of flux-qubits induces a phase factor that set conditions under which entangled states can be experimentally witnessed in flux-qubit systems. Note that the energy levels non-degeneracy has no particular effect on other entanglement measures apart from entanglement witnesses.

Non-Markovian Dynamics of Spin Squeezing Under Detuning Modulation

The dynamics of spin squeezing of an ensemble of N separate spin-1/2 particles, each coupled to a zero-temperature non-Markovian reservoir have been investigated. We show that the initial spin squeezing could be prolonged for a long time by utilizing detuning modification. We further explore that the spin squeezing sudden death (SSSD) could be circumvented with the increasing of detuning. By comparison with the results in Markovian regime with detuning and those in non-Markovian regime without detuning, we conclude that the disappearance of SSSD and the robust preservation of spin squeezing should be attributed to the combination of detuning and non-Markovian effect. The present results may be of direct importance for quantum metrology in open systems.