Nonlinear Ring Resonator Research Articles

Self-Pulsation in a Nonlinear Plasmonic Ring Resonator

We demonstrate the self-pulsing behavior in a nonlinear all-pass plasmonic microring resonator (MRR). The structure consists of a nonlinear metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) plasmonic waveguide and supports antisymmetric, backward propagating slow-modes. The slow modes are coupled to a feedback loop realized from a MDM waveguide, which supports symmetric, forward propagating fast modes. We calculate the temporal response of the system with a finite difference time domain method and show a SP behavior for input fields higher than a critical value. We perform a semi-quantitative description of the self-pulsation by solving iteratively, in time domain, the Ikeda equation of an all-pass MRR presenting a nonlinear phase shift. For this system, the pulses have a period of 300 fs with a modulation factor of 0.3. This configuration could be applied as a source of continuous wave terahertz radiation or as an optical clock in highly integrated plasmonic circuits.

Optical diode using nonlinear polystyrene ring resonators in two-dimensional photonic crystal structure

An optical diode that uses nonlinear ring resonators in 2D photonic crystal is numerically simulated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Nonlinear polystyrene is used as the Kerr medium forming ring resonators. The operating wavelength of the optical diode is considered to be the coupling wavelength at which light couples efficiently from waveguide to ring resonator, which is also equal to the average of the resonant wavelengths of the two resonators considered in the proposed structure. For both forward and backward propagation, the characteristics of the proposed optical diode are similar to those of an electronic diode. FDTD simulation is done using the MEEP package, which exhibits the desired results.

On timing jitter of mode locked Kerr frequency combs

We study fundamental timing jitter in repetition rate of a mode locked Kerr frequency comb generated in an externally pumped nonlinear ring resonator. We show that the increase in the integrated power of the comb harmonics, and the corresponding decrease of the duration of the associated pulse, results in the increase of low frequency noise, and a decrease in high frequency noise.

Concurrent implementation of all-optical half-adder and AND & XOR logic gates based on nonlinear photonic crystal

A new design for concurrent implementation of all-optical half-adder and AND & XOR logic gates based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator has been proposed. The finite different time domain and plane wave expansion methods are used to analyze the behavior of the structure. The ring resonator has a low switching time of about 0.85 ps and low switching power equal to \(277\,\text{ mW}/\upmu \text{m}^{2}\). The simulation results show that the contrast ratio is 12.78 dB for AND gate and 5.67 dB for XOR gate. Moreover, the operational wavelength of the input ports is \(1.55\,\upmu \text{m}\). Since the structure has a simple geometric shape with clear operating principle, it is potentially applicable for photonic integrated circuits.

Nonlinear Terahertz Metamaterials via Field-Enhanced Carrier Dynamics in GaAs

We demonstrate nonlinear metamaterial split ring resonators (SRRs) on GaAs at terahertz frequencies. For SRRs on doped GaAs films, incident terahertz radiation with peak fields of ~20-160 kV/cm drives intervalley scattering. This reduces the carrier mobility and enhances the SRR LC response due to a conductivity decrease in the doped thin film. Above ~160 kV/cm, electric field enhancement within the SRR gaps leads to efficient impact ionization, increasing the carrier density and the conductivity which, in turn, suppresses the SRR resonance. We demonstrate an increase of up to 10 orders of magnitude in the carrier density in the SRR gaps on semi-insulating GaAs. Furthermore, we show that the effective permittivity can be swept from negative to positive values with an increasing terahertz field strength in the impact ionization regime, enabling new possibilities for nonlinear metamaterials.

Design of Optical Nor Logic Gates Using Two Dimension Photonic Crystals.

In this paper, a novel all-optical NOR logic gate based on two dimension (2-D) photonic crystals (PC) is designed and simulated by a cascade of two all-optical switches. The new all-optical switch is composed of a nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR) and T-type waveguide. The PC structure has a square lattice of silicon rod with refractive index of 3.39 in air. The bandgap of this structure is derived by the plane wave expansion (PWE) method, which is from a/= 0.32 to a/= 0.44. In this structure to work at the wavelength of 1550 nm, the lattice constant ‘a’ should be 630 nm; the total size of the proposed optical NOR gate is only 18 m × 11 m. The simulation results using two dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method indicated that the proposed optical NOR logic gate is a potential candidature for ultrafast optical digital circuits.

Synchronization of limit-cycle oscillations in anomalously dispersive nonlinear fiber ring resonators

The synchronization of limit-cycle oscillations in anomalously dispersive nonlinear fiber ring resonators via unidirectional and mutual coupling is shown numerically. The limit-cycle oscillations can be synchronized in their phase as well as in their frequency within a respective synchronization interval. The synchronization of limit cycles establishes a further approach to tailor and modify frequency combs by optical means.

Optical-Quantum Security using Dark-Bright Soliton Conversion in a Ring Resonator System

We present a new concept of quantum cryptography using dark-bright soliton conversion behaviors within a nonlinear ring resonator, in which the orthogonal soliton is established among the soliton conversion. A new model of add/drop filters is modified which is known as a PANDA Ring resonator is proposed. The entangled soliton(photon) can work in the same way of the entangled photon, but in this case the entangle soliton is gained more power that give the advantage of long distance quantum communication. In application, the high capacity quantum communication is also variable by using the multivariable entangled solitons.

Tinkerbell beams in a non-linear ring resonator

In this article the dynamical behaviour of a beam that behaves according to a Tinkerbell map (i.e. Tinkerbell beam), within a nonlinear ring phase-conjugated resonator is modelled. The ABCD matrix of an optical device able to generate a two dimensional Tinkerbell map is found in terms of the map parameters, the state variables and the resonator parameters. For the first time to our knowledge the conditions in order to obtain the dynamics of a beam behaving according to a Tinkerbell map are found within an optical resonator. Finally some of the main technical problems to build a resonator intracavity element able to produce Tinkerbell beams are presented.

A new technique generation ghost-signal by microring resonator for 1.3μm security communication

We present a new system of signal security using nonlinear micro ring resonators for optical communication system. When a Gaussian pulse (1.3μm) is input into the system, the chaotic signal is generated and multiplexed into the optical communication. The chaotic waveform can be canceled using an add/drop device connected into the transmission link. In application results from the fact that the fast and slow light behaviors can be presented and can be seen using the add/drop filter. We can generate signal to obtain the two identical “signal” and “ghost” signals, which are observed in a different time frame. In this application, communication security can be performed when the required information is multiplexed and performs the link using the chaotic signal, signal and ghost signals, where the original signal can be retrieved and randomized by the known user.

Privacy Amplification of QKD Protocol in a Quantum Router

We propose a new system of quantum cryptography for QKD protocol with privacy amplification for internet security using Gaussian pulse propagating within a nonlinear ring resonator system, quantum processor and a wavelength router. To increase the channel capacity and security, the multiplexer is operated incorporating a quantum processing unit via an optical multiplexer. The transmission part can be used to generate the high capacity quantum codes within the series of micro ring resonators and an add/drop filter. The receiver part can be communicated by using the quantum key (quantum bit, qubit) via a wavelength router and quantum processors. The reference states can be recognized by using the cloning unit, which is operated by the add/drop filter, where the communication between Alice and Bob can be performed. Results obtained have shown that the correlated photons can be generated and formed the entangled photon pair, which is allowed to form the secret key between Alice and Bob. In application, the embedded system within the computer processing unit is available for quantum computer.

Basic prerequisites for limit-cycle oscillations within a synchronously pumped passive optical nonlinear fiber-ring resonator

By taking into account Kerr nonlinearity and negative second-order dispersion, we show by numerical investigations that in a passive optical nonlinear fiber ring resonator synchronously pumped with femtosecond pulses a temporal delay via a resonator length detuning or via third-order dispersion leads to limit cycle behavior, which is represented by an oscillatory evolution of the temporal as well as the spectral pulse shape. By introducing a two-dimensional iterative map, we show that limit cycles arise due to the mutual coupling of different spectral pulse components. The resulting system behavior can be used to introduce additional adjustable frequency components into frequency combs.

OPTICAL BISTABILITY IN A NONLINEAR SOA-BASED FIBER RING RESONATOR

A novel optical inverted bistable switch based on a nonlinear fiber ring resonator (FRR) containing a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) has been analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. Optical bistability is obtained due to the transmission characteristics of the resonator and the SOA's gain characteristics. A complete theoretical analysis and supporting simulations are presented. A prototype is demonstrated using commercial optical components. Experimental results show switching performance with falling times lower than 10 ns.

Crosstalk effects of quantum key distribution via a quantum router

AbstractWe propose a new system of quantum cryptography for internet security using Gaussian pulses propagating within a nonlinear ring resonator system, quantum processor and a wavelength router.To increase the channel capacity and security, the multiplexer is operated incorporating a quantum processing unit via an optical multiplexer. The transmission part can be used to generate the high capacity quantum codes within the series of microring resonators and an add/drop filter. The receiver part can be communicated by using the quantum key (quantum bit, qubit) via a wavelength router and quantum processors. The reference states can be recognized by using the cloning unit, which is operated by the add/drop filter, where the communication between Alice and Bob can be performed. The results obtained have shown that the correlated photons can be generated and formed the entangled photon pair, which is allowed to form the secret key between Alice and Bob. In application, the embedded system within the computer processing unit is available for quantum computer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1094–1099, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25942

BER Calculation of OOK Generated by Using MZI Incorporating with NRRs in a Fiber Optic System

This paper presents the use of optical device system for OOK (On-Off Keying) generation. The system consists of a MZI (Mach-Zhender Interferometer) incorporated with NRR (Non-linear Ring Resonator) to generate and communicate in optical communication. The performance of the system is calculated in terms of bit error rate (BER). In simulation, a given Gaussian pulse is input into one arm of MZI, which one part of the input power is coupled into one arm which is connected to the series microring resonators, the other is formed the reference arm. The resonant output signals are obtained by the MZI output port, whereas the alternative switching signals can be seen. The resonant output is propagated into the optical system in the transmission line. By using the practical parameters, the link performance can be calculated which can be used to analyzed system performance.

Quantum cryptography via a wavelength router for internet security

We propose a new system of quantum cryptography for internet security using Gaussian pulses propagating within a nonlinear ring resonator system, quantum processor, and a wavelength router. To increase the channel capacity and security, the multiplexer is operated incorporating a quantum processing unit via an optical multiplexer. The transmission part can be used to generate the high capacity quantum codes within the series of microring resonators and an add/drop filter. The receiver part can be communicated by using the quantum key (quantum bit, qubit) via a wavelength router and quantum processors. The reference states can be recognized by using the cloning unit, which is operated by the add/drop filter, where the communication between Alice and Bob can be performed. Results obtained have shown that the correlated photons can be generated and formed the entangled photon pair, which is allowed to form the secret key between Alice and Bob. In application, the embedded system within the computer processing unit is available for quantum computer. Furthermore, such a concept is also available for internet application via hybrid communications, for instance, wire/wireless, satellite, which can be used to form the internet security. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2505–2509, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25523

Thermal dissipation effects of the entangled photon generated by four-wave mixing process in a nonlinear ring resonator

We firstly analyze the thermal dissipation effects of the entangled photons generated by a nonlinear optical ring resonator. To obtain the corresponding equation of motion of the entangled photons generated by a four-wave mixing process within the system, we propose the Markov approximation to repel the reservoir operators. The system master equation in the interaction picture for both degenerate and non-degenerate cases is analyzed and obtained. The established system can be used to characterize the optimum entangled photons in some cases where the thermal dissipation effects may be introduced noise into the system. In this work, the entangled photons can be generated into two forms, firstly, the two entangled photon states is generated, the other, the four entangled photon states can be easily obtained. Results obtained have shown that the optimum entangled photon in term of entangled photon visibility can be compensated (i.e. unchanged) under thermal dissipation effects.

OOK generation based on MZI incorporating a pumped nonlinear ring resonators system

In this paper, we present an interesting result of nonlinear light pulse propagation within a Mach-Zehnder Inteferometer (MZI) which can be used to extend the existed on off keying (OOK) techniques. The goal of this paper is OOK generation based on MZI incorporating a pumped nonlinear ring resonators system. We first analyze the principles of a phase modulation scheme using MZI incorporating the triple nonlinear ring resonators, which can be fabricated and used in practical communications. After that, we focus on the recent modulation schemes, where the all-optical on off keying and the phase shift control for phase shaped binary transmission (PSBT) are discussed in details. The novelty of this work is that the nonlinear ring resonators are used incorporating a MZI, where the extended switching generation can be achieved and seen.

Novel storage and tunable light source generated by a soliton pulse in a micro ring resonator system

We propose a novel system of a dense wavelength division operation using the nonlinear micro ring resonators system that can be used to generate the broad output light spectra, whereas the significant increasing in channel capacity is obtained. A system consists of two micro and a nano ring resonators incorporating an add/drop filter that can be integrated into a single system. The large bandwidth signal is generated by using a soliton pulse propagating within a Kerr type nonlinear medium. The obtained results have shown the potential of using such a system for broadband light source generation, amplification, storage and regeneration, whereas the amplified signals can be stored within a nano-waveguide, which is allowed to form the regeneration of the broad light spectra after amplification. The advantage is that the specific wavelength of the broadband source, for instance, 1.50 μm can provide the super dense wavelength division multiplexing channels, whereas the increasing in channel capacity of 10,000 times is achieved.

A new soliton communication band for optical networking redundancy using a Gaussian soliton generation

We present a novel communication band of the tunable multi-Gaussian soliton system, whereas the large bandwidth signals of the spatial soliton pulses can be generated after propagating within the nonlinear ring resonator system. A Gaussian pulse input with 20 ns pulse width, 2 W peak power, the center wavelength at 1300 nm is propagated into the nonlinear ring resonator system. Using the appropriate parameters relating to the practical device such as micro-ring radii, coupling coefficients, linear and nonlinear refractive index, we found that the multi-soliton pulse obtained have shown the potential of application for a new dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) band. The soliton pulse width and free spectrum range of 400 and 7 fm are obtained, respectively, which can be used to increase the channel capacity in soliton communication. Furthermore, the soliton power obtained is available for system and link redundancy, where the output soliton power of 12 W is achieved.