Nonlinear Distribution Research Articles

Identifying Spatial Distribution of Urban Vitality Using Self-Organizing Feature Map Neural Network

As a vital component of urban planning, urban vitality profoundly affects the sustainable development and well-being of cities. Existing evaluation methods struggle to effectively explain the spatial distribution between nonlinear indicators while simultaneously considering geographical location and spatial attributes. How do we propose a research framework to address this nonlinear spatial distribution? This question is crucial for the study of urban vitality. To bridge this research gap, this paper proposes an SOFM neural network utilizing multisource geospatial big data to explore the spatial distribution of urban vitality. Our results showed the following: (1) Urban vitality in the five dimensions of concentration, functional diversity, contact opportunity, accessibility, and distance from border vacuums decreased from the core area to the periphery, except for building diversity, which exhibited an opposite trend. (2) The urban vitality of Beijing’s central areas primarily showed a circled spatial structure and extended along the Beijing Central Axis and Chang’an Avenue. Additionally, a 15 km radius serves as a significant threshold, encompassing clusters 0, 1, and 2, which align with an important circle delineated by the Master Plan of Beijing (2016–2035). The findings of our research serve as valuable insights for enhancing urban vitality and urban planning.

Surface Stresses of Thick Concrete Pavement Slabs Due To Traffic Loads and Non-Linear Temperature Distributions.

In this study, possibility of top-down cracking in concrete pavement was investigated. The main cause of the crack is supposed to be tensile stress at the top of the concrete slab. 3DFEM simulations that took into account actual temperature distributions throughout slab depth were performed on concrete pavements for a heavy duty road and an international airport. Thermal stress analysis revealed that nonlinear negative temperature distribution produces relatively large tensile stress at the top of the slab, which cannot be precisely estimated by conventional thermal stress equations based on the linear temperature distribution. Areas where the bottom surface of concrete slab was separated from the surface of underlying layer were very small, because the underlying layer deformed similarly as the slabs deformed and reduced the gap area. The combined stresses were also calculated with the application of both wheel and thermal loads. The maximum top combined stress occurred at a position away from the wheel loads. The ratio of the top combined stress in negative temperature gradient to the bottom combined stress in positive temperature gradient is greater in the airport pavement than that in the road pavement. The installation of dowels in joints reduced the combined stress in the loaded slab.

Modified kernel global-local marginal fisher analysis for rolling bearing feature extraction

Abstract The vibration signals of rolling bearings usually exhibit high-dimensional, nonlinear, and non-Gaussian distribution characteristics due to long-term operation under complex working conditions. Therefore, we proposed a novel algorithm named Modified Kernel Global-Local Marginal Fisher Analysis (MKGLMFA) for bearing feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. The proposed MKGLMFA algorithm introduces the kernel function to map data into a high-dimensional space to represent data nonlinearly first. It enhances the within-class compactness and between-class dispersibility by considering spatial relationships and label information when constructing adjacency graphs and simultaneously exploits the local and global geometry of data. Furthermore, a bearing fault diagnosis approach is presented based on MKGLMFA. It first processes the original vibration signals through MKGLMFA to obtain low-dimensional manifold features. Then these characteristics were input into the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier to achieve fault pattern recognition. The superiority of the proposed MKGLMFA algorithm in feature extraction is verified in comparison with some existing state-of-the-art machine learning methods on three rolling bearings datasets. And the subsequent classification diagnosis experiments indicate the effectiveness and high efficiency of the newly raised MKGLMFA algorithm. In comparison with the representative diagnosis methods, the proposed method can extract more sensitive discriminant features, and the classification accuracy of diagnosis is significantly improved in consequence.

Analytical modeling of thermomechanical stresses in short hyperelastic tubes under axial and torsional loading

Abstract This study introduces an analytical model for analyzing thermomechanical stresses in finite-length hyperelastic hollow cylinders under axial-torsional loading and non-isothermal conditions. The model incorporates an axial temperature distribution and decomposes strain responses into thermal expansion and mechanical stretches. Governing equations are derived using large deformation kinematics and the Neo-Hookean strain energy function. Solutions for displacements, stresses, and pressure variables are obtained with appropriate boundary conditions. Validation against 3D finite element analysis demonstrates strong agreement with significant computational cost savings. These findings challenge the conventional linear assumption for twist angles under large deformations. Increasing temperature differences introduce noticeable nonlinearities in radial and axial stress distributions, resulting in significant nonlinear axial stress distributions along the vertical walls. Additionally, higher temperature differences reduce axial stress at the inner radius, while shear stresses predominantly remain radial with minimal variation. In summary, this efficient analytical tool provides invaluable insights into thermomechanical stresses in soft active cylindrical components, with broad potential applications across various fields.

Mechanical analysis of cerclage as a treatment for cervical insufficiency.

The primary treatment for cervical insufficiency is cervical cerclage (mechanical support) with vaginal progesterone (biochemical support). Cerclage is a surgical procedure that mechanically increases the tensile capacity of the cervix. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the effects of cerclage from a mechanical point of view. To analyse cerclage techniques based on physical principles and mechanical forces. We assumed that the cervix is a thin-walled pressure vessel and applied a uniform vertical distribution model, a linear vertical model, and a non-linear vertical distribution model. According to our model analysis, the higher the position of the thread, the thicker the thread used, and the greater the number of threads, the more effective the confining force on the suture, when performing a cerclage. It is necessary to provide an appropriate cerclage for each patient based on these mechanical characteristics, in addition to considering the risks and benefits and biochemical interactions of the cerclage.

Tailoring beam profile and OAM spectrum in domain-engineered nonlinear photonic crystals

Nonlinear frequency conversion provides a powerful tool to generate and manipulate structured light at new wavelengths. In this work, to meet the demands of applications such as high-capacity optical communications and high-dimensional entanglement generation, we use ferroelectric domain engineering to generate frequency-doubled light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) superposition states and with adjustable radial intensity distribution. Angular and radial phase modulations were introduced into the modulation function of the second-order nonlinear coefficient distribution of lithium tantalate nonlinear photonic crystals, achieving simultaneous tailoring of the OAM spectrum and the radial intensity profile of the second harmonic (SH) waves. As a representative example, we demonstrate the generation of a SH wave that carries a comb-like OAM spectrum, with the radial intensity distribution concentrating on a ring with a specific radius. In addition, the nonlinear photonic devices developed in this work feature polarization insensitivity and broadband characteristics.

Frequency chirping in the early stage of a near-threshold bump-on-tail instability

Abstract It has been shown that the mode amplitude and frequency evolution in the early non-linear stage of a near-threshold bump-on-tail system can be reproduced by solving the linear dispersion relationship at each time step using the non-linearly modified distribution function at an earlier time. The dispersion relationship gives two solutions with departing frequencies almost immediately after the flattening of the distribution function starts to cancel out the drive. One can therefore attribute the early onset of the chirping directly to the modification of the underlying dispersion relationship. The existence of the two waves is because of the beam branch of the beam-plasma instabilities created by the perturbed distribution function. After the two chirping branches are formed, their frequencies are locked to the location of the peaks in the nonlinear distribution function, while the peaks are pushed forwards by beating itself. The transition from the beating-and-chirping scenario to chirping with hole-clump pair creation is found to be determined by the overlapping criterion of the two phase-space islands created by the two chirping branches.

Turbulent Transport Characteristics of the Particles within Pulsar Wind Nebulae 3C58 and G54.1+0.3

Turbulent transport characteristics of the particles within two Crab-like pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), 3C58 and G54.1+0.3, are investigated in the framework of a time-dependent turbulent diffusion model. The model takes the gyroresonant interactions between the particles and turbulent waves into account, which enables us to self-consistently determine the energy and spatial coefficients of particles within the nebula via the distributions of turbulent waves. Our application of the model to the multiband emission from 3C58 and G54.1+0.3 reveals the following. (1) The energy and spatial diffusion coefficients seem to follow quasi-linear distributions in the Kolmogorov-type turbulence, but consistent with nonlinear distributions at low energies in the Kraichnan-type turbulence due to the effects of the turbulent scattering. (2) The stochastic acceleration and spatial diffusion processes may play a role in modifying the electron spectrum in the Kolmogorov-type turbulence, whereas in the Kraichnan-type turbulence the energy exchange between the turbulent waves and particles is more efficient, resulting in more significant effects of the stochastic acceleration and spatial diffusion processes on the electron spectrum at the low energies of E e ≲ 1 TeV. (3) At the high energies of E e ≳ 1 TeV, the diffusion transport appears to be less effective for the evolution of the particles within 3C58 and G54.1+0.3 because the synchrotron radiative cooling process dominates over the particle transport. These two Crab-like PWNe are expected to be electron PeVatrons in the Galaxy, with a common slow diffusion escape occurring in both 3C58 and G54.1+0.3.

Thermoelastic flexural behaviour of sandwich plates stacked with porous FGM layer under the 3D state heat conduction

This work intends to analyze numerically the thermoelastic bending behaviour of sandwich plates stacked with FGM (functionally graded material) layer containing porosities. For this purpose, a quasi-3D (three-dimensional) shear deformable theory based IGA (isogeometric analysis) method is established, and the 3D steady-state conduction of heat is considered as the thermal environment to reflect the real circumstance. An equation to dictate the nonlinear temperature distribution induced by the 3D state heat conduction of the porous functionally graded sandwich plate is presented accordingly. Two kinds of the porous sandwich plates having various lamination schemes are taken into consideration. Benchmark problems on the thermoelastic bending responses of the sandwich plates with FGM layer have been solved, and the results are compared to the reference solutions to demonstrate the performance capability of the proposed IGA method. Further parametric examinations illustrate the impacts of the composition pattern, material gradient, porosity degree, plate geometric parameter as well as the stacking sequence, i.e., the location of the FGM lamina on the 3D heat conduction induced thermoelastic flexural response behaviour of the porous sandwich plates. The achieved new outcomes for the thermoelastic bending response behaviour of the sandwich plates having porous FGM core or skins are regarded to be used as the future reference.

Enhanced thermal storage performance with non-linear porosity distribution in copper foam-PCM composites

Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly utilized in thermal energy storage systems due to their high energy density and capability to maintain a constant temperature during phase transitions. However, the low thermal conductivity of PCMs poses a significant challenge, often mitigated by embedding PCMs within high-conductivity metal foams. While linear and layered porosity distributions in metal foams have been extensively studied, the potential benefits of non-linear porosity distributions remain underexplored. This study aims to bridge this gap by numerically investigating the effects of non-linear porosity distributions of copper foam on the melting behavior and thermal performance of palmitic acid. The paper thoroughly explains how different melting regimes influence the optimal choice of porosity distribution. Using the Enthalpy-Porosity approach and the Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium model, various positive and negative porosity gradients in both x and y directions were examined. The results demonstrate that positive porosity gradients significantly improve the melting rate and energy storage performance. Specifically, a positive gradient in the x-direction reduced the melting time by 10.4 %, while a positive gradient in the y-direction achieved a 16.74 % reduction compared to uniform porosity configuration. Building on these findings, the study then explores two-dimensional (2D) porosity distribution optimization, leading to further enhancements. The optimized 2D configuration achieved a 22.67 % reduction in melting time and a 32.38 % increase in the average energy storage rate compared to the uniform porosity scenario.

Assessing sustainable development in E-7 countries: technology innovation, and energy consumption drivers of green growth and environment.

To combat climate change, a country needs to take part in the development of energy sources and the renovation of its energy infrastructure. Since, green energy production is frequently costly and dangerous, especially in its early stages, capital is one of the barriers to the energy revolution. The aims of the study to analyze the non-linear relationship between energy consumption, financial development, and technology innovation on green economic growth, and environmental pollution indicators including ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emission in the E-7 countries over the period of 1995 to 2022. Using a new panel non-linear autoregressive distribution model (NLPARDL) approach, the results confirm that carbon dioxide emissions, green economic growth, and ecological footprint have a positive and strong long-term correlation with the positive component of the energy use. Conversely, negative shocks are negative and significant with ecological footprint but positive and significant with carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth. Furthermore, financial development has a positive and substantial relationship with ecological footprint in addition to having a long-term negative and large impact on carbon dioxide emissions and a negative but small impact on green economic growth in a positive shock. Similar to this, financial development negative shock coefficients are significant and negative over the long term when it comes to carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth, and they are positively significant when it comes to ecological footprint negative component. In the meantime, the long-term positive shock of technology innovation has a negative significant correlation with ecological footprint, ecological footprint a positive and negligible correlation with green economic growth, and a positive and significant correlation with carbon dioxide emission. Similarly, technology innovation long-term negative shock coefficients for carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth are both negative and significant; on the other hand, technology innovations long-term negative shock coefficients for the negative component of ecological footprint are positively significant. Based on the results, E-7 nations need to invest in projects that utilize energy and technology innovation to reduce environmental degradation and boost green economic growth, such as investing in energy projects and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The findings also suggest that to achieve the sustainable growth and environment, E7 countries must enhance the environment related technology innovations.

Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Alignment of a Long-Span Steel–Concrete Composite Beam Track Cable-Stayed Bridge

In order to study the effect of temperature on the alignment of a long-span special track bridge, this paper provides a theoretical basis and technical support for bridge design, construction and later operation. This research established the section model of the steel-hybrid beam by COMSOL, and the internal temperature field, transverse temperature, and vertical temperature gradient were analyzed. The Midas Civil bridge model analysis system was established to investigate the influence of temperature difference and temperature gradient on the vertical deformation of the whole bridge. Based on the temperature and displacement monitoring system of the Chongqing Nanjimen track bridge, the temperature and displacement data in 2023 were obtained for comparative analysis. The results show that the temperature field inside the composite beam presents a nonlinear distribution, the daily temperature difference can reach 26.0 °C, and there is a significant temperature gradient between the steel beam and the concrete. The highest temperature is 60.3 °C at 15:00 when the temperature difference between the upper and lower edges of the concrete slab is 11.1 °C, and the daily transverse temperature gradient is 3.2 °C, 5.3 °C and 7.4 °C, respectively. Under the temperature difference in the system, the maximum displacement of the main beam is 92.3 mm, and the mid-span displacement is 132.1 mm under the positive temperature difference. Based on the measured data for the whole year, it is found that the displacement of the main beam under the combined action of ambient temperature and solar radiation significantly exceeds the influence of a single temperature. The research shows that temperature change has an important impact on the stability and durability of the bridge, and temperature monitoring and management should be strengthened in the design and operation stage to ensure the bridge’s safety and smooth operation of the train.

Does obesity matter in patients receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation? The U-shaped relationship between body mass index and mortality after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

BackgroundThe impact of obesity on the prognosis of patients receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation remains unclear. This study examines the association between body mass index and in-hospital mortality among patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled adult patients who received venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, which included extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, at National Taiwan University Hospital between 2010 and 2021. Patients were classified as follows: underweight (body mass index <18.5), normal weight (18.5≤ body mass index <24), overweight (24≤ body mass index <27), class I obesity (27≤ body mass index <30), class II obesity (30≤ body mass index <35), and class III obesity (body mass index ≥35). Multivariable Cox regression with spline models was employed. ResultsThe study included 1,329 patients; of these, 670 underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the overall mortality rate was 61.6%. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that class III obesity was significantly associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.48–3.02, P = .001), particularly in the extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation subgroup (hazard ratio 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.71–4.29, P < .001). No significant association was observed in the non–extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation subgroup (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 0.70–2.36, P = .415). Although underweight patients initially exhibited higher mortality (hazard ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.80, P = .015), this effect was attenuated after adjusting the confounders (hazard ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 0.91–2.35, P = .119). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that class III obesity was associated with the highest in-hospital mortality, followed by the underweight group (log-rank P = .009). ConclusionObesity increased mortality in patients who underwent venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but this was primarily due to a nonlinear U-shaped distribution between body mass index and in-hospital mortality observed in patients receiving extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal factors underlying these associations.

Vine copula based structural equation models

Gaussian linear structural equation models (SEMs) are often used as a statistical model associated with a directed acyclic graph (DAG) also known as a Bayesian network. However, such a model might not be able to represent the non-Gaussian dependence present in some data sets resulting in nonlinear, non-additive and non Gaussian conditional distributions. Therefore the use of the class of D-vine copula based regression models for the specification of the conditional distribution of a node given its parents is proposed. This class extends the class of standard linear regression models considerably. The approach also allows to create an importance order of the parents of each node and gives the potential to remove edges from the starting DAG not supported by the data. Further uncertainty of conditional estimates can be assessed and fast generative simulation using the D-vine copula based SEM is available. The improvement over a Gaussian linear SEM is shown using random specifications of the D-vine based SEM as well as its ability to correctly remove edges not present in the data generation using simulation. An engineering application showcases the usefulness of the proposals.

Neodymium-Facilitated Visualization of Extreme Phosphate Accumulation in Fibroblast Filopodia: Implications for Intercellular and Cell–Matrix Interactions

A comprehensive understanding of intercellular and cell–matrix interactions is essential for advancing our knowledge of cell biology. Existing techniques, such as fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, face limitations in resolution and sample preparation. Supravital lanthanoid staining provides new opportunities for detailed visualization of cellular metabolism and intercellular interactions. This study aims to describe the structure, elemental chemical, and probable origin of zones of extreme lanthanoid (neodymium) accumulation that form during preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in corneal fibroblasts filopodia. The results identified three morphological patterns of neodymium staining in fibroblast filopodia, each exhibiting asymmetric staining within a thin, sharp, and extremely bright barrier zone, located perpendicular to the filopodia axis. Semi-quantitative chemical analyses showed neodymium-labeled non-linear phosphorus distribution within filopodia, potentially indicating varying phosphate anion concentrations and extreme phosphate accumulation at a physical or physicochemical barrier. Phosphorus zones labeled with neodymium did not correspond to mitochondrial clusters. During apoptosis, the number of filopodia with extreme and asymmetric phosphorus accumulation increases. Supravital lanthanoid staining coupled with SEM allows detailed visualization of intercellular and cell–matrix interactions with high contrast and resolution. These results enhance our understanding of phosphate anion accumulation and transfer mechanisms in cells under normal conditions and during apoptosis.

Damage assessment of the CRTS III ballastless slab track in high temperature regions

Temperature-induced interfacial damage between the prefabricated slab and filling layers is a common ailment faced by slab-type ballastless tracks systems. In this study, the damage behaviour of the CRTS III ballastless track in high temperature regions is explored. To this end, a 3-dimensional finite element model of the CRTS III ballastless track is built in Abaqus, which takes into account the non-linear temperature distribution along the track depth, the non-linear cohesive relationship between the concrete to self-compacting concrete interface, and the constitutive stress-strain relation of concrete. Upon subjecting the model to various temperature and wheel loading conditions, the following main conclusions were drawn: (1) Upward warpage of the prefabricated slab undergoes an average percentage increase of 37.62 % with each 10 °C/m increase in temperature gradient, signalling a greater up-warping effect in higher temperature regions; (2) the stresses along the interface’s first and second shear directions have the greatest influence on damage initiation of the interface; (3) under the effect of equally increasing temperature gradient loads, interface nodes where damage initiation had taken place showed a steady increase with an average difference of 5.21 %; (4) applied wheel loads significantly increase the damage initiation area of the track, but the effect of varying concentrated forces typically experienced during the track’s service life does not affect the change in damage initiation area as severely.

Composition-dependent diffusion and viscosity behavior in liquid Ti–Al–Ni ternary alloys

We conducted ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamic properties of the liquid Ti–Al–Ni ternary alloy system at 2033 K. Through simulations across the entire composition range, we revealed the complex compositional dependence of self-diffusion coefficients and viscosity. The self-diffusion coefficients of Ti, Al, and Ni exhibit nonlinear distribution characteristics, while viscosity shows non-monotonic compositional dependence, with lower viscosity in Al-rich regions and higher viscosity in Ni-rich regions. To understand the structural origins of these behaviors, we analyzed chemical short-range order and local fivefold symmetry structures using Warren-Cowley parameters and fivefold symmetry parameters, uncovering a close correlation between atomic-scale structural features and dynamic properties. Evaluation of the Stokes-Einstein relation revealed varying degrees of deviation from its predicted viscosity values across composition regions. We observed a negative correlation between free volume fraction and viscosity, with varying strengths in different regions. These findings provide new perspectives for understanding the complex dynamic properties of Ti–Al–Ni liquid alloys.

Soret and dufour impacts on radiative power-law fluid flow via continuously stretchable surface with varying viscosity and thermal conductivity

The intricate dynamics of mixed convective thermic and species transport in a power-law flowing fluid through a continuously stretched surface are investigated. The uniqueness of this study lies in the consideration of fluid variable thermic conductivity and viscosity, which introduces a higher degree of realism into the analysis. The transformation of similarity is used to transform the fundamental governing equations, and after that, the set of equations is processed numerically utilizing a non-similarity local approach. Furthermore, the effects of Soret and Dufour represent the cross-diffusion phenomena, accounting for the energy exchange with the surroundings. These factors collectively influence the stretching surface’s gradient velocity, affecting the thermal and species concentration rates. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of these complex interactions, paving the way for optimizing thermic and species transport processes in various industrial applications. This study, therefore, holds significant potential for enhancing efficiency and performance in relevant industrial sectors. The main terms are the combinations of Dufour and Soret numbers that significantly impact the flow rate profile and mass transfer field. The coupled study of the nonlinear velocity, energy distribution and chemical mixture variance made the study more impactful in practicality. Skin friction variation shows limited impact with variations in the Soret number. The enhanced thermal gradient results in improved non-similarity parameters, yet it demonstrates a decrease with an increase in variable thermal diffusivity. There is a decrease in the temperature gradient as the buoyancy term reduces, while an increase is observed with changes in the Prandtl number. Similarly, the Nusselt number experiences a comparable impact due to changes in the Soret number.

Toroidal mean flow and complex temperature distribution in a thermoacoustic core

Increasing the capacity of thermoacoustic machines (engines or refrigerators) requires increasing the diameter of the regenerator, which may result in non-uniform temperature distributions inside the regenerator. In the current study, the temperature is measured at different radial and axial locations inside the regenerator of a thermoacoustic refrigerator with a diameter of 148 mm. The working gas is a mixture of helium and Argon at a static pressure of 40 bar. Non-uniform radial temperature distributions are observed at different axial positions. Also, the predicted axial temperature distributions by a 1-D linear model (DeltaEC) do not agree with the measured temperature distributions. We suspect that the non-uniform radial temperature distribution generates a steady flow through the regenerator which increases the radial temperature non-uniformity and results in non-linear axial temperature distribution. Given the measured temperature distribution, the presence of a toroidal steady flow inside the regenerator is suspected. To confirm this hypothesis, the regenerator is divided into three segments connected in parallel in the DeltaEC model. Mean flows are added in each segment of the regenerator to simulate the presence of toroidal flow in the regenerator. The predicted temperature distributions from this modified DeltaEC model agree with the measured temperature distributions.

Visible diffuse reflectance smartphone spectrometer with high spectral accuracy

A smartphone-based spectrometer employing principle of diffuse reflection is reported for the surface analysis of solid samples. The instrument utilizes a thin-film grating to diffract incoming light, while a diffuse reflecting surface projects the image of this diffracted light onto the detector plane. The CMOS camera of smartphone camera directly captures the diffusely reflected photons within its limited field-of-view thus eliminating the need for collection, conditioning and converging optics. The optical setup of the instrument provides facility to calibrate the spectral response considering the nonlinear distribution of the wavelength across the diffraction direction. Additional correction in the detector response at different light intensity results a reduced spectral error with a maximum wavelength resolution of δλ=0.08 nm/pixel in the camera within the spectral range Δλ = (400 – 700) nm. As a proof of the concept, the instrument demonstrates successful detection of color pigments in food samples by absorption measurement of the samples at an average spectral error < 6 %. The distinct absorption peak associated with standard food colors are compared against the absorption profile of unknown food colors used in pastry cake. This field-functional smart analysis with internet connectivity opens opportunity of identifying food adulteration by using toxic chemical colors at the point-of-test and immediate reporting to others. The overall instrument is fabricated by utilizing low-cost and light weight plastic wood to make compact (110 mm × 105 mm × 125 mm), robust, inexpensive (∼$ 50) and suitable for field-portable (∼145 gm) hand-held operation.