non-IT Sectors Research Articles

AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT: ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AGILE METHODOLOGIES IN IT PROJECTS COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL APPROACHES

This systematic review examines the comparative effectiveness of Agile and traditional project management methodologies, focusing on their application in dynamic IT environments and well-defined industries. Utilizing the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 45 peer-reviewed studies published between 2005 and 2023 were analyzed. The review found that Agile methodologies consistently outperformed traditional approaches in dynamic settings, offering greater flexibility, faster project delivery, and higher customer satisfaction through iterative cycles and continuous stakeholder engagement. However, traditional methods, such as Waterfall, were found to be more effective in projects with fixed scopes and stringent regulatory requirements, providing better control and predictability. The review also highlights the growing adoption of hybrid project management models, which combine Agile’s adaptability with the structure of traditional methods, particularly in large or complex projects. The findings underscore the importance of selecting the appropriate methodology based on project-specific factors, with Agile excelling in fast-changing environments and traditional methods being more suitable for regulated industries. Further research is recommended to explore Agile’s applicability in non-IT sectors and the long-term effectiveness of hybrid models.

IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS: EVALUATING BEST PRACTICES AND METHODOLOGIES FOR SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT

This study provides a systematic review of IT project management frameworks, examining the effectiveness, adaptability, and risk management strategies of methodologies such as Agile, Waterfall, PRINCE2, Scrum, and hybrid approaches. A total of 133 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed to gain insights into how these frameworks are being applied across various industries and project environments. The findings reveal that hybrid models, which combine the structured governance of traditional methodologies like Waterfall with the iterative flexibility of Agile, are becoming increasingly popular, especially in industries requiring both regulatory compliance and adaptability to changing requirements. Agile frameworks were shown to significantly improve project delivery speed, stakeholder satisfaction, and risk mitigation through continuous iterations and feedback loops, while traditional methodologies like Waterfall remain essential in sectors with strict documentation and control requirements. The review also highlights the critical role of risk management across all frameworks, with hybrid models offering the most comprehensive approach by integrating early-stage planning with ongoing risk assessment. Despite the success of these frameworks in IT-related industries, a notable gap was identified in their application to non-IT sectors, suggesting a need for further research to explore their broader applicability. This review underscores the continued relevance of traditional, Agile, and hybrid project management frameworks, while also pointing to future opportunities for expanding their use beyond IT.

Investigate the distinctive link between a balanced scorecard and organizational performance in IT and non-IT sectors

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine how the implementation of a balanced scorecard (BSC) affects business outcomes in both information technology (IT) and non-IT sectors.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesis. A random sample was used to collect 170 responses from the IT companies and 166 from non-IT companies by using the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was distributed to the top- and middle-level managers in Bangalore city, and we used SmartPLS software to explore the relationship between our research constructs.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that a BSC has a significant and positive impact on organizational performance in IT and non-IT sectors. The main distinction in this study is that all BSC perspectives [learning and growth perspective, internal business process (IBP) perspective, customer perspective (CP) and financial perspective (FP)] have a significant, direct and indirect impact on IT companies. On the other hand, solely three BSC perspectives (IBP perspective, CP and FP) have a significant impact on non-IT companies, while learning and growth perspective has an insignificant impact on the FP.Originality/valueThis study provides a critical theoretical and practical contribution of a BSC on business performance in IT and non-IT industries.

The impact of Project Management Offices on organizational performance: a comprehensive review of the literature

In today's dynamic environment, information technology (IT) stands as the cornerstone for organizational success and competitive advantage, with project management playing a crucial role in efficiently deploying IT resources. Recognized across diverse sectors like telecommunications, aerospace, and construction, Project Management Offices (PMOs) facilitate task organization and supervision, whether it is for IT product development, service improvement, system design, or implementing organizational changes. Despite extensive research on the positive impact of PMOs on organizational performance, a significant research gap exists due to the absence of a direct comparison between the influence of PMOs on IT and non-IT industries, indicating the necessity for further investigation in this domain. This study delves into the contribution of PMOs to organizational performance using the Competing Values Framework and evaluates five models and 17 performance metrics within the IT industry and across sectors. When comparing PMO performance, non-IT sectors precede interpersonal relationships, competency-based training, and workplace environment, whereas IT sectors emphasize the knowledge of PMO resource teams, efficient training, technology utilization, and collaboration for project success. Additionally, IT industries underline the role of technology in averting project management failures and prioritizing the punctual delivery of client requirements. These differences highlight the variations in PMO priorities between these industries, underscoring the significance of PMOs in enhancing organizational performance.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DETERMINANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Progress towards sustainable development is the priority for countries all over the globe. Understanding the essence of sustainable development is a basis for conducting research and practical actions. The aim of the article is to find out the global determinants of sustainable development in the context of digital transformation. The era of digital technologies creates new approaches to solving available issues and challenges. New normality requires defining global determinants of sustainable development and creating new tools for achieving its goals. The study has provided empirical evidence and proved that ICT is one of the important drivers of sustainable development. The conducted analysis shows that there is a direct impact of ICT development and digitisation on achieving SDG 9 "Industry, Innovations and Infrastructure”. The indirect impact of digitalisation on the SDGs is analysed. It is proved that the implementation of digital technologies in business processes and digitalisation of non-IT sectors of the economy will contribute to the comprehensive implementation of a number of SDGs, such as SDGs 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, and will give impetus to the achievement of other goals, which will generally have a synergistic effect. Benchmarking of practices used by well-developed countries enabled the identification of a number of priority areas related to the digitisation of the economy, namely, the development of digital skills among the population for entrepreneurial activities, state support for the digitalisation of business, especially SMEs, promotion of e-commerce, electronic payments. This study makes multiple contributions namely to academic debate on the influence of digitisation on sustainable development, demonstrates the interrelations between SDGs and highlights evidence on the global determinants of sustainable development. Conducted research outlines 4 groups of factors to enhance achieving SDGs in terms of digital transformation: 1) network coverage; 2) the number of Internet users; 3) affordability of access to the Internet; 4) digital literacy.

Impact of Workplace Happiness on Employee Engagement: A Comparative Study of IT & Non-IT sector employee

Impact of Workplace Happiness on Employee Engagement: A Comparative Study of IT & Non-IT sector employee

Digital device-related eye health awareness among the engineering fraternity

ABSTRACT Purpose: The spectrum of symptoms that arise from prolonged hours of computer work has been the focus of interest since computers became the center of the modern workplace. This study focuses on engineers and aims at identifying the departments that are most susceptible to the effects of computer vision syndrome (CVS), their awareness about the entity, and identify lacunae in the existing eye health education provided to them. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an open online survey that was circulated among engineering college students belonging to colleges in Southern India and working professionals in the Information Technology (IT) and non-IT sector from the Southern States of India. Responses were collected over a period of 5 weeks spanning over 2 months and analyzed using the SPSS software version 25. Results: A total of 449 usable responses were received. The professionals in the non-IT sector logged a daily average work-related computer usage of 3.9 ± 3.1 h/day, while the IT sector professionals logged 4.3 ± 3.2 h/day of work-related computer usage. Among the participants, 57% of the study population were unaware of an entity called CVS, and 74.6% believed that blue light filters prevented damage caused by prolonged screen time. The data showed that 18% of the study population have never undergone an ophthalmic evaluation. Conclusion: It is evident that no health education is available to engineers at any stage of their professional career that helps them deal with ocular effects of prolonged screen time. We would like to recommend an ophthalmic screening and eye-heath awareness program to be conducted at the time of recruitment, with refresher courses at timely intervals.

Impact of workplace happiness on employee engagement: a comparative study of IT and non-IT sector employees

Impact of workplace happiness on employee engagement: a comparative study of IT and non-IT sector employees

Perception of work in the IT sector among men and women-A comparison between IT students and IT professionals.

Lack of gender balance within STEM fields is caused by many complex factors, some of which are related to the fact that women do not perceive certain occupations as congruent with their career and personal goals. Although there is a large body of research regarding women in STEM, there is a gap concerning perception of occupations within different STEM industries. IT is a domain where skilled employees are constantly in demand. Even though the overall female representation in STEM fields is rising and that the IT industry is undertaking numerous interventions to attract women to careers in IT, the representation of women in this domain is still disappointingly low. Therefore, the goal of our study was to examine the possible differences among male and female IT and non-IT students and employees in terms of their perception of IT and other key factors influencing the feeling of aptness of IT as a potential sector one's career: goal congruence, sense of belonging and self-efficacy. In this paper we present the results of a study conducted in Poland among working IT professionals (N = 205) and IT students (N = 127) that we compare with individuals from non-IT sectors (N = 222 employees, 107 students). Our results showed significant gender differences between IT students and IT professionals. We found that communal goals are more important for IT employees than for IT students (both male and female) and that a sense of social belonging is stronger among female IT employees than among male IT employees and IT students. Women employed in IT also had the same level of sense of social belonging as women in non-IT group. These findings suggest that after entering IT positions, women's perception of the domain might become potentially more favorable and attuned with their needs. We also found that female IT students value agentic goals more than communal goals which was not the case for female IT employees. The results highlight the importance of investigating women's perception of the IT sector at different levels of career in terms of their goals and other work-related variables. Such lines of research will help develop more effective interventions in attracting women to enter the IT field.

On the macroeconomic effects of news about innovations of information technology

Existing literature shows a strong relationship between innovations of information technology (IT) and their falling prices, which result in increased use of computer and information processing equipment, and related demand for investment and labor at the firm level. This paper investigates the macroeconomic effects of news about future IT innovations. Utilizing the maximum forecast error variance approach, we identify IT news shock from the real investment price on computers and related information processing equipment. We provide robust evidence that IT news shocks induce a co-movement in key macroeconomic variables, including output, labor hours, consumption, and investment in IT and non-IT sectors. The forecast error variance and historical decomposition analysis show that news shocks about future IT significantly contribute to business cycle fluctuations. Strong connections between news about future IT innovations and the macroeconomy suggest that news could affect firms’ investment and labor demand decisions when they undergo an organizational redesign to adopt new technology.

Trends in Existing and Emerging Cyber Threat Intelligence Platforms

The purpose of this paper is to present comparative analysis of cyber threat intelligence platforms and their features. This work include comparative analysis of existing ontologies for cyber threat collectors/sensor, data enrichment and data analytical techniques used for raw data analysis and community models for sharing cyber threats, intelligence and countermeasures. Firstly, this work performs comparative analysis of various data sensors designed for collecting raw data from different networks: wired, wireless and mobile. Secondly, detail analysis is performed on various interfaces designed to map ontologies into schemas. Thirdly, efficient methods for data analysis are considered for comparative and detailed report. These method extracts threat information from raw data. Lastly, various cybersecurity community models are analyzed with an aim of identifying an efficient cyber threat sharing model. It is observed that ontology based data sensor mechanisms are more efficient as compared to taxonomy models. It helps in identifying various cyber threats in stipulated time period. In another observation, it is found that decision tree based data analytical techniques are more efficient for critical infrastructure based cyber threat intelligence systems as compared to other machine learning techniques. Further, open source community for cyber threat sharing is efficient if it allows everyone to share their threat information, create groups for specialized interests and keep logs of every subscriber. The proposed analysis is performed for open source and commercial cyber threat sharing platforms however various ontology models are available for intrusion detection systems in cyberspace. This work may be extended for other ontology models, deep learning threat analytical models and quality based threat sharing communities for non-IT sectors like: gas plants, water and electricity supply system etc. The proposed cybersecurity platform is useful for various practical systems where need of cybersecurity is increasing day by day. For example, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems like: energy, oil/gas, transportation, power, water and waste water management systems etc.

AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR NON IT COMPANIES

Project management is becoming an increasingly preferred approach in the public and business sectors due to its orientation towards results. But the project management methodology is also evolving. In recent years, its most advanced option is the Agile project management. It emerged in 2001 after a conference in Chicago of software industry professionals discussing the possibility of a new method of work, later called Agile. A Manifesto has been developed that contains 12 principles and 4 values. The document has been translated into many languages and has become leading for many IT developers.Leading in the agile approach is that instead of investing in a detailed outline of processes, procedures and tools, is better for organizations to invest in people and in their interaction. Rather than focusing on comprehensive documentation from the beginning, it is better to focus on the final result of the project. Instead of settling legal issues and signing a preliminary contract, it is better to engage with customers (target groups) and seek a live connection with the users of the service or product.Gradually, the advantages of the new approach are gaining more and more adherents. According to the 11th Annual State of AgileTM - Report, 2016, the number of companies implementing agile project management is steadily increasing globally, with the process gradually entering non-IT sectors as well. According to the authors of the report, the benefit of the method is in several directions: results are achieved in a shorter time, organizations become more productive, risk is reduced, costs are decreased, etc.In Bulgaria, agile project management is applied mainly to companies that are branches of large foreign IT companies, and activities. Many small companies, as well as public sector organizations, still apply the traditional project management approach and so they miss the added value of providing goods and services to their customers in an agile manner.In this paper the idea of implementing the agile project management in non IT departments of companies is presented. Emphasis is placed on the iterative nature of operational management, whereby projects are divided into separate parts, prioritized and “delivered” in small cycles. At the same time, the issue of terminology of this approach is discussed. The main terms are different from these in the traditional project management and require additional efforts to understand and implement it. Special attention is also paid to the agile management of research and educational projects in the universities.

A Step for improving the transition between traditional Project Management to Agile Project Management

Agile Project Management (APM) is supposed to replace the Traditional Project Management (TPM) in the software sector and also in many non-IT sectors. In this paper, we present the concept of project management ‘agilification’ as a smooth transition from TPM to APM. In order to develop their APM capabilities, companies need APM maturity models and scenarios to transform their project management routines. We defend that a key instrument of the TPM, which is the Project Management Maturity Model (P3M), can be adapted to APM. After identifying key principles in both TPM and APM, their convergences and divergences, this paper proposes a conceptual and practical framework consisting of behavior ontologies and two tools that facilitate this agilification: a maturity grid and a diagram displaying agilification scenarios. These proposals are applied on a case study related to the schedule management audit carried out by consultants in a large company.

A Comparative Study of IT and Non-IT Industry - Matrix Organization Perspective

The purpose of this study to understand the major difference between IT and Non-IT industry and also the factors that are influencing the organization’s outcome. We aim to analyze and discuss each element with IT and Non-IT sector and how they are contributing to the matrix organizations. To set a standard base for each industry concerning matrix, as a contemporary concept it is necessary to investigate.

Nuances of Leadership Effectiveness: Challenges of Context and Demographics

Factors such as vision, articulation, rational intelligence, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence impact leadership effectiveness. Does the effectiveness depend on the work context and the followers demographics? If it does depend on the context and demographics then the singularity of the construct becomes debatable. So it becomes all the more important for persons in the leadership role to understand the subtleties. In this research employees of two different sectors (IT and non-IT) participated to indicate their perception about leadership effectiveness (LE). In the first phase of the research dimensions of LE were identified through Lens model and subsequently administered to equal number of respondents from IT and non-IT sectors. The data was analyzed for commonality, differences and relationships. The results indicate that non-IT employees perceive a greater degree of leader vision and articulation scores compared with IT employees. Age of the employee is found to be negatively related to vision, articulation, and emotional intelligence dimensions of LE. Employees education is significantly related to vision only in the group of IT participants. It is unrelated to other variables. Finally, work experience and organizational experience of participants are found to be unrelated to psychological variables. The findings indicate a greater reporting of articulation in case of non-IT leader. Mismatch between the age of the followers and age of the leaders is likely to be a root cause of the negative relationship between age and vision as revealed in the findings of the present investigation. The relationship between the followers age and leaders articulation is found to be negative. Age is also found to be inversely related to employees perception of leaders emotional intelligence. The sector profile perhaps explains why the non-IT participants have not reported any association of significance between education and vision in the present investigation. The present investigation has the unique feature of deriving the pertinent dimensions instead of imposing a-priori dimensions.

The role of IT in Korea’s economic development

Korea, once a typical post-war underdeveloped country, has achieved significant economic growth, becoming one of the G20 economies. In particular, during the past decades, the information technology (IT) sector (including telecommunications, consumer electronics, and computer games) has occupied a great portion of Korea’s economy and the use of IT in non-IT sectors (such as manufacturing, logistics, banking, non-profit sectors, and retail services including e-commerce and m-commerce) has grown substantially [3]. Korea’s early economic success in 1970s and 1980s were mainly due to the development in heavy industries. In early 1990s, Korea experienced 80–10 % GDP growth rates. Then, the Asian financial crisis initiated in Thailand in the mid-1990s affected the Korean economy significantly. The unemployment rate reached up to 6.8 % in 1998 as several large Korean conglomerates including Hanbo, Sammi, Jinro, and Halla went bankrupt and financial sectors reported large loses. As a result of the crisis, the nominal GDP of Korea fell from USD 532.3 billion in 1997 to USD 358.2 billion in 1998. Korea’s real GDP also decreased 5.7 % in 1998. Since then, however, Korean economy has been growing again at a steady rate of around 6 % except in 2008 and 2009 when Korea’s real GDP decreased due to the global financial crisis (See Fig. 1). Korea’s international trade figures support Korea’s GDP trend since 1998. The trade balance has swung back to a surplus since 1998 as exports jumped substantially. In 1998, Korea had a trade surplus of USD 39.0 billion in contrast to 1997s USD 8.5 billion trade deficit. Though Korea experienced difficulties due to the global financial crisis in 2008, the trade balance moved from a deficit of USD 13.3 billion in 2008 to surpluses of USD 40.4 billion in 2009, and USD 41.2 billion in 2010 (See Fig. 2). Moreover, Korea’s trade volume exceeded the USD 1 trillion in 2010. It was the world’s 8th largest economy in the trade volume. Such fast economic growth of Korea has been due increased exports of IT equipment, electronics, shipbuildings, chemicals, and automobiles. In particular, the IT industry has grown tremendously since the 1990s. The Korean government has consistently introduced policies promoting the IT industry such as Cyber Korea 21, e-Korea Vision 2006, Broadband IT Korea 2007, and many others in order to create new growth initiatives [2] (See Table 1). As the results of the government’s policies and firms’ research and development in IT, Korea achieved the highest figure in the ICT (Information and Communications Technology) Development Index in 2010. Korea was ranked the first in the ICT usage category, the second in the ICT competency category, and the tenth in ICT accessibility category. Korea’s government-driven ICT policies have promoted the innovative development of IT products such as semiconductors, LCD panels, and mobile phones. Korea has currently become an important player in the global IT market. For example, the global DRAM market share of Korean Y. U. Ryu School of Management, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA e-mail: ryoung@utdallas.edu

The role of R&D and corporate governance in Korea: IT firms versus non-IT firms

Recent economic development in Korea was mostly driven by companies in the IT sector. Also, it is widely argued that R&D investment has a positive impact on firm value, especially for IT firms. In this paper, we analyze how R&D investment has contributed to the growth of Korea's economy by examining the effect of R&D investment on firms' market value, measured as Tobin's Q, and investigate whether this effect is different between firms in the IT sector and firms in the non-IT sector. We also account for the effect of another major change experienced by Korean firms: changes in corporate governance structure. We find that for firms in the IT industry, higher R&D investment coupled with high foreign ownership results in higher firm valuation.

Role of Venture Capital in Indian Economy

The Venture capital is the life blood of new industry in the financial market today. Venture capital is the money provided by professionals who invest alongside management in young, rapidly growing companies that have the potential to develop into significant economic contributors. Venture capital is an important source of equity for start-up companies. Venture capital can be visualized as “your ideas and our money” concept of developing business. The venture capital industry in India has really taken off in. Venture capitalists not only provide monetary resources but also help the entrepreneur with guidance in formalizing his ideas into a viable business venture. In order to promote innovation, enterprise and conversion of scientific technology and knowledge based ideas into commercial production, it is very important to promote venture capital activity in India. India’s success story in the area of information technology has shown that there is a tremendous potential for growth of knowledge based industries. The recent economic slowdown of IT Sector is provided a chance to Venture capitalist to consider investment opportunities in other sectors such as Manufacturing and Service Industry which will be necessary to have overall economic development and to reduce the economic dependency on a single sector. The current paper will concentrate on the different opportunities in Non-IT Sector as well the investment opportunities available for Venture capitalist which ensures better perspective for Indian economy.

Estimation about Contribution from Information Technology in China’s Economy

To interpret the role of information technology (IT) in China’s economy, the paper focuses on examining the growth contribution from information technology with Production Probability Frontier and Dual Method during the period from 1980 to 2003. Our results indicate that the Chinese economic growth rate devoted to IT investment has risen steadily since 1990. The contribution share of total factor productivity (TFP) from IT in China has increased sharply after 1995, while the TFP growth rate from non-IT sector dropped at that period.

Framework for HRIS Implementation in Non-IT Sector

Framework for HRIS Implementation in Non-IT Sector