Non-invasive Measurement Method Research Articles

The assessment of moderate acne vulgaris face skin using blood perfusion and hyperspectral imaging-A pilot study.

Microcirculation is the flow of blood through the smallest vessels in the circulatory system. Capillaries respond to various pathologies much earlier than arteries and veins, the changes which indicate that the disease is already developing. Careful monitoring of the functioning of the capillary system often allows the detection of in vivo disorders at an early stage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the microcirculation within acne lesions. A noninvasive method of semi-quantitative blood perfusion measurement based on laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) and a quantitative assessment of the acne severity using the hyperspectral imaging method supported by image analysis and processing methods were used. The acne lesion perfusion was compared to the healthy skin perfusion of the control group. The reflectance in the range from 400 to 1000 nm was also compared for acne lesions and healthy skin. A dedicated version of the algorithm based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix was used to compare differences between acne lesions and healthy skin. Blood perfusion in acne lesions is on average 117% higher than in healthy skin. The reflectance of acne lesions was lower in the range of 400-600 nm compared to the healthy skin. A statistically significant decrease in the reflectance of acne lesions was demonstrated for wavelengths: 434, 549, and 588 nm. Increased blood perfusion in acne lesions compared to healthy skin suggests increased chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and wound healing. Decrease points in skin reflectance resemble the absorption peaks for hemoglobin and coproporphyrin III produced by Cutibacterium acnes. Thus, the proposed methods may serve not only for the early detection of acne lesions, before they manifest themselves clinically for the naked eye, but may also be a tool for quantifying the effectiveness of acne treatment.

Measurement of Electric Charge in a Charged Hydroxyapatite Dielectric Using Pendant Drop.

A simple noninvasive measurement method which allows one to determine the trapped charge in a biocompatible hydroxyapatite dielectric is developed. The hydroxyapatite samples are charged by electron beam with energy 30 keV and total irradiated charge ranging from 2 × 10-9 C to 2 × 10-7 C. The value of the trapped charge is determined by analyzing the shape change of a liquid droplet hanging from a needle in proximity of the charged sample surface. The shape change of the pendant drop in the field of gravity is commonly utilized in the measurements of the surface free tension (SFT) of liquids. The external electric field leads to a further modification of the droplet shape and to an effective change of the SFT. The change of the SFT as a function of distance between the droplet and sample and the critical distance at which the droplet detaches from the needle are measured for various values of the irradiated charge. These two quantities are also derived theoretically by considering the trapped charge as a single fitting parameter. We can thus determine the trapped charge in two independent noninvasive ways. It is noteworthy that our method is easily implementable into the standard pendant drop setups. As a practical application of the method, a long-term charge stability of the charged hydroxyapatite is demonstrated, thus paving the way toward quantitative studies of its bioactivity in dependence on the value of the trapped charge.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by gold nanoparticle characterizes dermal thickening by collagen in bleomycin-treated skin ex vivo.

Current skin imaging modalities, including optical, electron, and confocal microscopy, mostly require tissue fixations that could damage proteins and biological molecules. Live tissue or cell imaging such as ultrasonography and optical coherent microscope may not adequately measure the dynamic spectroscopical changes. Raman spectroscopy has been adopted for skin imaging in vivo, mostly for skin cancer imaging. However, whether the epidermal and dermal thickening in skin could be measured and distinguished by conventional Ramen spectroscopy or the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a rapid and label-free method for noninvasive measurement remains unknown. Human skin sections from patients of atopic dermatitis and keloid, which represent epidermal and dermal thickening, respectively, were measured by conventional Ramen spectroscopy. In mice, skin sections from imiquimod (IMQ)- and bleomycin (BLE)-treated mice, which reflect the epidermal and dermal thickening, respectively, were measured by SERS, that incorporates gold nanoparticles to generate surface plasma and enhance Raman signals. Conventional Ramen spectroscopy failed to consistently show the Raman shift in human samples among the different groups. SERS successfully revealed a prominent peak around 1300cm-1 in the IMQ-treated skin; and two significant peaks around 1100and 1300cm-1 in BLE-treated group. Further quantitative analysis showed 1100cm-1 peak was significantly accentuated in the BLE-treated skin than that in control skin. SERS identified in vitro a similar 1100cm-1 peak in solutions of collagen, the major dermal biological molecules. SERS distinguishes the epidermal or dermal thickening in mouse skin with rapid and label-free measures. A prominent 1100cm-1 SERS peak in the BLE-treated skin may result from collagen. SERS might help precision diagnosis in the future.

Investigation of concentration measurement for hydrogen leakage with a new calibration visual approach

Hydrogen leakage concentration rapid measurement is the key issue for hydrogen application as hydrogen leakage is easy to cause hydrogen safety issues such as hydrogen explosions. Non-invasive visual measurement method such as the schlieren measurement technique is the prospective solution. However, the specific relationship between the hydrogen leakage concentration and schlieren image gray remains unclear, which leads that the schlieren technique procedure is developed for visualization and acquiring qualitative information only. This paper aims to decouple the hydrogen leakage concentration from the complicated schlieren image information, and find the mapping relationship between the hydrogen leakage concentration and schlieren image gray, hence realizing a quantitative hydrogen leakage concentration analysis. Therefore, a hydrogen leakage visualization experimental bench is established to simulate and measure hydrogen leakage by a series of experiments under different leakage concentrations. The mapping relationship between the hydrogen leakage concentration and schlieren image gray is obtained by the experiments using the schlieren technique. Then, a new calibration schlieren technique with the function of visually measuring hydrogen leakage concentration is developed and verified under 80% hydrogen leakage concentration. Results of the trials demonstrated the ability of the proposed technique successfully measure concentration distributions with satisfactory accuracy.

Non-invasive assessment for intratumoural distribution of interstitial fluid flow

Interstitial fluid plays a vital role in drug delivery and tumour treatment. However, few non-invasive measurement methods are available for measuring low-velocity biological fluid flow. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel technology called interstitial flow velocity-MRI. The interstitial flow velocity-MRI sequence consists of a dual inversion recovery preparation and an improved stimulated echo sequence (ISTE) combined with phase-contrast MRI. A homemade flow phantom was used to assess the feasibility and sensitivity of interstitial flow velocity-MRI. In addition, xenografts of female BALB/c mouse models of 4T1 breast cancer administered losartan (40 mg/kg) or saline (n = 6) were subjected to imaging on a 7.0 T scanner to assess the in vivo interstitial fluid flow velocity. The results showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the theoretical velocities and velocities measured using the flow phantom. Interstitial flow velocity-MRI could detect a velocity as low as 10.21 ± 2.65 μm/s with a spatial resolution of 0.313 mm. The losartan group had a lower mean interstitial fluid velocity than the control group (85 ± 16 vs 113 ± 24 μm/s). In addition, compared to the saline treatment, losartan treatment reduced the proportion of collagen fibres by 10% and 12% in the Masson and Sirius red staining groups, respectively. Interstitial flow velocity-MRI has the potential to determine interstitial fluid flow velocity non-invasively and exhibits an intuitive velocity map.

Noninvasive Image Reconstruction of Flowing Thrombus With Electrical Capacitance Tomography

A method for noninvasive real-time measurement of blood cardiopulmonary bypass is proposed by electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). An eight-electrode sensor ECT data acquisition system is designed, including sensor design and data acquisition module design. The system has a real-time imaging speed of 40 frames per second (FPS) and an average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 64.59 dB per channel, which has been experimentally verified. First, the system is able to detect 6.25%–42.25% of the target area ratio (AR) when the sensor inner diameter is 20 mm, the outer diameter is 25 mm, and the image correlation coefficient (ICC) is not less than 0.7, which obtained by static experiments. Second, the corresponding voltage sum curve is different when different sizes of targets flow through the electrode coverage area. Dynamic experiments have verified that the sum of voltage curve for each frame image is available to further determine the size of the thrombus generated during the circulation process. Finally, dynamic experiments were performed using fresh porcine blood clots to mimic thrombus, which verified the feasibility of using ECT for in vitro thrombus detection.

Non-Invasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring.

(1) Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring plays a key role in the treatment of patients in intensive care units, as well as during long-term surgeries and interventions. The gold standard is invasive measurement and monitoring via ventricular drainage or a parenchymal probe. In recent decades, numerous methods for non-invasive measurement have been evaluated but none have become established in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to reflect on the current state of research and shed light on relevant techniques for future clinical application. (2) Methods: We performed a PubMed search for "non-invasive AND ICP AND (measurement OR monitoring)" and identified 306 results. On the basis of these search results, we conducted an in-depth source analysis to identify additional methods. Studies were analyzed for design, patient type (e.g., infants, adults, and shunt patients), statistical evaluation (correlation, accuracy, and reliability), number of included measurements, and statistical assessment of accuracy and reliability. (3) Results: MRI-ICP and two-depth Doppler showed the most potential (and were the most complex methods). Tympanic membrane temperature, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, natural resonance frequency, and retinal vein approaches were also promising. (4) Conclusions: To date, no convincing evidence supports the use of a particular method for non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement. However, many new approaches are under development.

Research on a Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Measurement System Based on Four-Wavelength Photoplethysmography

Hemoglobin is an essential parameter in human blood. This paper proposes a non-invasive hemoglobin concentration measurement method based on the characteristic parameters of four-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) signals combined with machine learning. The DCM08 sensor and NRF52840 chip form a data acquisition system to collect 58 human fingertip photoelectric volumetric pulse wave signals. The 160 four-wavelength PPG signal feature parameters were constructed and extracted. The feature parameters were screened by combining three feature selection methods: reliefF, Chi-square score, and information gain. The top 10, 20, and 30 features screened were used as input to evaluate the prediction performance of different feature sets for hemoglobin. The prediction models used were XGBoost, support vector machines, and logistic regression. The results showed that the optimal performance of the 30 feature sets screened using the Chi-square test was achieved by the XGBoost model with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.997, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.762 g/L, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.325 g/L. The study showed that the four-wavelength-based PPG signal feature parameters with the XGBoost algorithm could effectively achieve non-invasive detection of hemoglobin, providing a new measurement method in clinical practice.

Feasibility Study of Monitoring of Particle Generation in Plasma Etching Process by Plasma Impedance Measurement

In plasma etching process at LSI mass-production line, the particles cause the decrease in the production yield and the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). In this study, the particles, which originate from etching reaction product, are investigated under the condition that a gas shower type electrode made from the developed MgO-based ceramics is used and a Si wafer is etched by using SFSUB6/SUB gas. We have demonstrated that plasma impedance monitoring method can monitor the tendency of particle generation caused by the flaking off of the film deposited on chamber inner walls. This non-invasive measurement method can be easily applied to the process equipment at mass-production line therefore the results can contribute to improvement of the production yield and the OEE.

Review of Refractive Index-Matching Techniques of Polymethyl Methacrylate in Flow Field Visualization Experiments

The development of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology provides many preliminary references for experimental design. In addition, the CFD calculation results verified by experiments can display enormous microdata in areas that are difficult to measure through experiments, as an extension. This can make measurements more reasonable and effective, shorten measurement times, and save manpower and capital significantly. Therefore, it is vital to verify the accuracy of CFD calculation results, especially in cases of complex structures and multiphase flows. The results of model tests can be utilized in a prototype experiment by properly designing a test section and selecting a working fluid if the Reynolds similarity criterion is met. Optical measurement technology is a noninvasive measurement method, and the impact on the flow field can be almost negligible. It is advised to use transparent materials and prepare a refractive index-matching (RIM) fluid to obtain a good optical path. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in flow field visualization experiments because of its good light transmission and mechanical strength. This review is aimed at introducing the current status of different flow field measurement techniques; moreover, it is intended to help the readers to become more familiar with the principles of RIM, the characteristics, applications, and usage suggestions of various RIM fluid schemes of PMMA, providing references for researchers in the design, preparation, and conducting stages of flow field visualization measurement experiments. This review is divided into five sections. In the introduction section, Chapter 1, relevant research developments and related results of flow field measurements are presented, followed by the innovations and benefits of this paper. In Chapter 2, the flow field visualization measurements are presented and a derivation is shown. In Chapter 3, some RIM fluid schemes of PMMA and their applications are given, which are very valuable for peers. In Chapter 4, the measurement and analysis of some physical properties are described. In the RIM process, it is necessary to focus on the RI, density, dynamic viscosity, compatibility, stability, safety, and cost of RIM fluids. These factors greatly impact the accuracy of experimental results, experimental progress, and safety of the experimenters. Based on the analysis and our practical experience, some suggestions are given for preparing and using RIM fluids. In the conclusion section, Chapter 5, the results and practical implications of this paper are summarized.

Application of bioelectrical impedance in newborns: an integrative review.

the objective of this study was to identify the use of bioelectrical impedance in newborns (NB), as this is an easy-to-apply and non-invasive method of measurement that can be used for distinguishing fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and total body water (TBW). this was an integrative review of the literature using the PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library databases to search for original articles between 2010-2020. A total of 900 articles were retrieved; after checking for duplicity and applying the eligibility criteria, 9 were further analyzed. about the results, five studies used single frequency bioimpedance, with a specific population of neonates, preterm and/or full term, and different clinical conditions. Resistance was the most studied bioelectric indicator, the phase angle is little explored, and four studies investigated body composition (FFM, FM and TBW). Studies found that preterm newborns had lower amounts of TBW, FFM, and FM than term newborns, and there were differences in body composition between sex. The phase angle was lower for preterm newborns and fed babies with high protein formulas had increases in the FFM. there is a need for multicenter studies to define standardized methods to be used with this public.

Comparison of peripheral blood saturation with brain oxygenation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method of regional tissue oxygenation measurement. Intraoperative use of NIRS to monitor brain oxygenation (BO) during surgery might be beneficial to identify cerebral desaturations. To compare peripheral blood saturation (SpO2) with BO measurements and evaluate the utility of BO in thoracic surgery. We took BO and SpO2 measurements in a group of 100 patients undergoing standard thoracic surgery. Measurements were made every 15 minutes. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare study groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine correlation between studied parameters. We found a negative correlation between patients' age and BO at the beginning of surgery. Operations lasted between 30 and 200 minutes. We found a positive correlation between BO and SpO2 between 15 and 90 minutes of surgery. Subsequently, BO remained at a low level while SpO2 returned to baseline values. Higher minimum SpO2 values were noted in patients undergoing left-sided procedures. Cerebral oxygenation does not return to baseline values until the end of the surgery as opposed to the SpO2. Furthermore, both SpO2 and BO correlate negatively with the overall duration of thoracic surgery. In addition, after 90 minutes of surgery, SpO2 stopped reflecting brain oxygenation.

The application of integrated MRI CSF flowmetry in the diagnosis and treatment of CSF dynamic changes in hydrocephalus patients: a systematic review

Background: CSF has contributed to the growth of brain development during the time of evolution and later protects against external trauma. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is known as an aberration of intracranial hydrodynamics resulting in the accumulation of CSF endo-ventricular. The use of phase-contrast (PC) MRI is proven effective in assessing the communication of arachnoid cyst and subarachnoid CSF spaces. The CSF flow MRI has been found to show efficacy in differentiation between the communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus for localizing obstruction levels in obstructive hydrocephalus and later providing important information concerning the preoperative evaluation of NPH, along with the differential diagnosis and the prediction of the related advantages from surgery and post-operative follow-up. Hence, the present study aimed for analyzing the role of MRI CSF flowmetry in the evaluation of patients with suspected hydrocephalus. Method: The role of MRI CSF flowmetry in the evaluation of patients with suspected hydrocephalus was undertaken by conducting a systematic literature review. The current review was reported as required reporting features for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statements (PRISMA). The systematic literature review included a total of 22 studies that analyzed the various applications of MRI CSF flowmetry in the medical field, mainly focusing on the use of MRI CSF flowmetry in the evaluation of patients with suspected hydrocephalus. Results: The result mainly included the identification of the CSF flow by integrating the PC MRI technique and the aqueduct-CSF flow rate was detected accurately showing as statistically significant in diagnosis of NPH. Evaluating the peak velocities and aqueductal stroke volume (ASV) showed a significant increase among hydrocephalus patients. Conclusion: The condition of hydrocephalus makes the ventricular size increase and eventually puts pressure on the brain due to excess accumulation of fluid while blocking the CSF flow after it exits ventricles. Currently, many imaging techniques are available for the detection of hydrocephalus that study the CSF flow dynamics and its related parameters. Among them, the MRI technique is the most reliable, rapid, and most importantly, a non-invasive method for the quantitative measurement of CSF flow rate and intracranial pulsations. Keywords: Intracranial pressure, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI CSF Flowmetry, Neurological disorder, CSF dynamics

Proposal of a Skin Temperature Measurement System Based on Digital Thermometers

The representation of temperature measurement methods is worldwide, as is the number of industries that use them. Their utilization allows one to assess the object’s temperature relatively accurately and further according to the defined dependencies to evaluate its condition. In the medical sector, non-invasive temperature measurement methods are increasingly gaining ground. In our work, we focus on the design of a system for measuring skin temperature using digital DS18B20 thermometers. The technical design consists of the mechanical design of the sensor housing based on the requirements of healthcare professionals, the design of a 1-wire bus active pull-up driver with improved features, and the user software, allowing for the future implementation in various, not necessarily medical environments. The main contribution lies in optimizing the hardware design concerning the components’ parameters and surge protection. In the medical field, the aim was to compare changes in skin temperature in the shoulder region depending on the type of muscle contraction during static and dynamic components of movement and to record the thermal work of the muscle during activity in real-time. We experimented by applying temperature sensors to the deltoid muscle of the dominant limb in a temperature environment of 25.76 °C. In the experimental measurements, we demonstrated that during the three selected muscle work movements, there was a temperature change in the respective regions of the deltoid muscle for each of the three, which the temperature sensors could capture. Our results were statistically significant when comparing the baseline values, and the highest temperature reached. The level of significance α ⩽ 0.05 and a low percentage of errors were valid.

Correlation Between Portal Vein Pressure and Subharmonic Scattering Signals From SonoVue Microbubbles in Canines.

The current gold standard for the clinical diagnosis of portal hypertension (PH) is an invasive and indirect estimation of portal vein pressure (PVP). Therefore, the need for a non-invasive PVP measurement method is urgent. Subharmonic scattering of ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) microbubbles is under investigation in clinical research as a pressure indicator. However, the driving acoustic pressure must be optimized to improve the ambient pressure sensitivity of the subharmonic amplitude for different UCAs. In this study, for the first time, we obtained the relationship between the PVP and the amplitude of the subharmonic signal scattered from SonoVue microbubbles by using two canines to build the PH model. The results revealed a desirable linear correlation between the subharmonic amplitude and PVP (<20 mmHg) at the incident acoustic pressure of 453 kPa (r=-0.910, p < 0.005; sensitivity: -2.003 dB/mmHg); this was one order of magnitude higher in sensitivity than that of the in vitro case with a detectable pressure variation of approximately 1 mmHg. This indicates the feasibility of using UCA microbubbles to accurately measure low ambient pressures in vivo and further exhibits the potential of the method for non-invasive pressure estimation in clinical applications.

Particle Residence Time Determination with More Than 400 Tracer Particles in a Circulating Fluidized‐Bed Full‐Loop System

AbstractThe residence time of particles in a circulating fluidized‐bed (CFB) reactor is the essential parameter for design and performance of a CFB system. In this work, a noninvasive measurement method of positing tracer particles in a full‐loop CFB system is proposed. Based on the radio frequency identification technology, more than 400 tracer particles with individual code were made and moved freely in the CFB full loop system. With detecting the tracer particles' trajectory by high‐frequency readers located outside of the system, the effects of operating parameters including fluidization number and solid inventory on the movement and residence time of the tracer particles in the CFB system were investigated. The particle residence time is distributed in a certain range, influenced by superficial gas velocity and solid inventory.

An adaptive tracking measurement method for inner surface of laser fusion targets

We propose an adaptive tracking measurement method for accurate, rapid, and non-invasive measurement of the topography of the inner surface of fusion targets. During the first phase of the measurement, we measure the low-frequency components of the inner surface of the target using a laser differential confocal axial point-by-point scanning measurement method with a large dynamic range. During to the second phase of the measurement, based on the low-frequency components data, the objective lens is driven by a scanner for adaptive large-interval movement, simultaneously, we measure the high-frequency components in the large-interval using a laser differential confocal linear sensing measurement method. Combined with the mutually perpendicular slewing shafts system, the three-dimensional topography of the inner surface of the target can be measured.

Evaluating the Non-Erodible Cement-Bentonite Barrier Material Samples via Hole Erosion Test Apparatus

Because of the damage that dams, levees, and other water-retaining structures cause, their failure has long been a source of concern. Despite the limitations of the testing apparatus (e.g., HET) used to study barrier material erodibility, they are still widely used. In previous studies, there was very little discussion of the hydraulic parameters (e.g., fluid pressure, flow rate, etc.) obtained from the HET test, particularly how they relate to the varying eroded hole. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to look into that aspect of the relationship as well as the practical aspects of the HET apparatus that must be considered. Fluctuations in pressure and flow rate data collected during testing were the primary issue discovered. The noise from the pump machinery caused the data collected to fluctuate within a specific range, but the fluctuations were controlled and consistent. Throughout the test, the pressure recorded fluctuated ± 10 kPa below the target pressure, while the flow rate fluctuated approximately 0.3 L/min. The test was performed on a smooth-surfaced, uniform-diameter hole; however, this is not always the case for holes in eroded samples. The non-uniform surface can affect the friction between the eroded surface and the eroding fluid, which in turn affects the pressure loss across the erosion pipe. A non-invasive measurement method for determining the diameter of an eroded hole is suggested for future research, and this study provided an empirical relationship between pressure difference, flow rate, and eroded hole diameter. Despite the limitations, the results provided an overview of the expected fluctuation range from the apparatus as well as the relationship between hydraulic parameters.

Numerical and experimental flow investigation using ultrasonic PIV for optimizing mechanically agitated lab-scale anaerobic digesters

In this article, a non-invasive ultrasonic flow field measurement method is studied to investigate its applicability to resolve fluid flow in bio- and chemical engineering reactors. In detail, the proposed flow field investigation method is applied to mechanically agitated lab-scale reactors for the validation of anaerobic digester mixing simulations. Two reactors with different geometries, which are cold models of real-life anaerobic digesters, are studied. Since conventional non-invasive flow field measurement techniques are not suitable for the investigated reactor geometries, the applicability of ultrasonic measurement is demonstrated. The experimental results are compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using the Finite Volume Method with multiple reference frames to account for the stirrer-induced mixing. It is shown that ultrasonic measurement is an easily applicable non-invasive method for resolving flow fields of opaque fluids found in chemical, mechanical and biological engineering. The study highlights the benefits of the non-invasive measurement approach and also demonstrates the suitability of this flow measurement technique for further applications such as the optimization of the mixing time characteristics of paints and coatings or silicone production. The resolved flow fields are in accordance with numerical reference results with minor deviations of up to 9% for velocity measurements aligned with the main axis of the ultrasound probe. The validated CFD model can be used as a template for modelling similar chemical engineering processes where the mixing time characteristic is critical. It is further shown that the accuracy of this flow measurement method decreases with increased offsets from the main axis. In addition to the axis alignment, the impact of different fluid properties and reactor geometries is also discussed.

Novel and noninvasive methods for in-home sleep measurement and subsequent state coding in 12-month-old infants

Research studying the role of sleep in development abounds but focuses on global aspects of sleep like quality or timing. Far fewer studies include the ultradian cycle, or patterns of REM and non-REM (NREM), because doing so is costly in time and resources. In a complete, lab-based sleep study, individuals are monitored by a technician overnight while wearing a host of sensors to capture brain activity, eye and limb movement, and cardiorespiratory rates. There is a need for creative, minimally disruptive solutions to study sleep that do not compromise the richness and accuracy of the measurements. The current pilot study parsed down the physiological measures to only movement and cardiorespiratory rates, creating a protocol simple enough for caregivers to incorporate into bedtime. Ten 12-month-old infants (+/- 3 weeks) wore an actigraph and wireless cardiorespiratory sensor for five nights of data collection. Of this, 92% were useable data. Actigraphy was analyzed with the Sadeh algorithm to delineate sleep from wake. Heart rate and respiration were then used to state score visually or via an algorithm; greater variability demarcated REM from NREM. Time spent in each state was compared between scoring methods as well as to published results from age matched infants who underwent polysomnography (PSG). Visually scored data, using a 1-hour viewing window, was in line with peer’s PSG values. To automatically state score, epoch-by-epoch cardiorespiratory and actigraphy files were produced for each minute of data collection. Heart and respiratory rates were transformed into z-scores and iterations of scoring, using increasingly greater z score thresholds, were compared to determine which identified state proportions most similar to data collected with PSG. Based on these results, our novel method appears to be a feasible choice for studying the ultradian cycle. The combination of actigraphy and cardiorespiratory monitoring is uniquely advantageous because it is less resource intensive and more naturalistic, being put on by caregivers while still resulting in high rates of good data. Taken together, it is a quality option for infant researchers interested in incorporating sleep into their paradigms.