Non-invasive Oral Cancer Detection Research Articles

Biofunctionalized nanodot zirconia-based efficient biosensing platform for noninvasive oral cancer detection

The authors report results of the studies relating to the synthesis of nanodot zirconia that has been utilized for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensing platform for the detection of CYFRA-21-1 biomarker, secreted in saliva samples of oral cancer patients. For the synthesis of nanodot zirconia (ndZrO2), the hydrothermal process was used and further functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). Electrophoretic deposition technique was employed for its deposition onto the ITO electrode. The EDC-NHS reaction was used for anti-CYFRA-21-1 immobilization and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used for blocking of the nonspecific binding sites. The fabricated biosensing platform (BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/ndZrO2/ITO) exhibited a wide linear detection range (0.5–50 ng/mL) with excellent sensitivity (0.53 µA mL/ng cm2).

Classifier Feature Fusion Using Deep Learning Model for Non-Invasive Detection of Oral Cancer from Hyperspectral Image

In this paper we present a state-of-the-art infrastructure approach to detect and classify oral cancer from the hyperspectral imaging of investigating maxillofacial region. Oral and neck cancer is one of the rampant forms of cancer and this cancer is mostly experienced by socio-economic backward population. The hyperspectral image analysis is emerging as a non-invasive method for classification of cancer. Due to dearth of modern digital tool for computer-aided classification and pre-detection of cancer cells, we have proposed a Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM) and SVM classification fusion for learning and classifying the pre- and post-cancerous tissue and normal tissue from the hyperspectral imaging. The mixed pixel from background is projected for cancerous region detection. The result of a patient hypercube is presented for the validation of deep learning technique pixel-wise probability map of cancerous and normal healthy tissues on hyperspectral imaging. Moreover, we have obtained a classifier accuracy of 94.75% by classifier fusion by majority voting as compared to conventional classification using the deep learning method imaging technique in hyperspectral image. Hence, the proposed digital pre-screening framework using deep learning classifier fusion on hyperspectral thermal imaging provides a high potential cancer identification tool for socio-economic backward patients in modern healthcare system.

Non-invasive oral cancer detection from saliva using zinc oxide—reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite based bioelectrode

Multifunctional materials with excellent biocompatibility and electron-transport properties are critical for the pursuit of point-of-care biosens-ing devices. The authors report the synthesis of zinc oxide–reduced graphene oxide (ZnO–rGO) nanocomposite for the fabrication of an electrochemical immunosensing test-bed for noninvasive onsite detection of oral cancer biomarker (interleukin-8, IL8). The immunosensor showed successful detection of IL8 at low concentration ranges, i.e., 100 fg/mL–5 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 12.46 ± 0.82 µA mL/ng and a detection limit of 51.53 ± 0.43 pg/mL. These results have been validated through in vitro investigations using real saliva samples spiked with IL8.

1334 - Development of biosensor for non-invasive oral cancer detection

1334 - Development of biosensor for non-invasive oral cancer detection

L-cysteine capped lanthanum hydroxide nanostructures for non-invasive detection of oral cancer biomarker

In this paper, we present the result of studies related to the in situ synthesis of amino acid (L-Cysteine) capped lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles [Cys-La(OH)3 NPs] towards the fabrication of efficient immunosensor for non-invasive detection of oral cancer. The characterization of Cys-La(OH)3 NPs was carried out by different techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. These Cys-La(OH)3 NPs were electrophoretically deposited onto an indium-tin-oxide glass substrate and used for immobilization of anti-cytokeratin fragment-21-1 (anti-Cyfra-21-1) for the electrochemical detection of Cyfra-21-1. This immunosensor shows a broad detection range of 0.001–10.2ngmL−1, the low detection limit of 0.001ngmL−1, and high sensitivity of 12.044µA (ng per mL cm−2)−1 with a response time of 5min. This immunosensor was found to be more advanced in terms of high sensitivity and low detection limit as compared to previously reported biosensors and commercially available ELISA kit (Kinesis DX).

Highly sensitive protein functionalized nanostructured hafnium oxide based biosensing platform for non-invasive oral cancer detection

We report results of the studies relating to the development of a non-invasive, label free immunosensor based on nanostructured hafnium oxide (hafinia) deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass for oral cancer biomarker (CYFRA-21-1) detection in human saliva. The nanostructured hafnia (nHfO2) has been synthesized via one step low temperature hydrothermal process and modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES) for covalent immobilization of monoclonal antibodies (anti-CYFRA-21-1). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to block non-specific sites at the anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nHfO2/ITO electrode surface. The structural, morphological and spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials and fabricated electrodes has been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, respectively. The results of response studies conducted on BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nHfO2/ITO immunoelectrode reveal that this biosensor has high sensitivity (9.28μAmLng−1cm−2), wide linear detection range (2–18ngmL−1) and fast response time (15min). This immunosensor has been validated with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in saliva samples of oral cancer patients.

Non-invasive and label-free detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma using saliva surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Reported here is the application of silver nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a label-free, non-invasive technique for detection of oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) using saliva and desquamated oral cells. A total of 180 SERS spectra were acquired from saliva and 120 SERS spectra from oral cells collected from normal healthy individuals and from confirmed oropharyngeal cancer patients. Notable biochemical peaks in the SERS spectra were tentatively assigned to various components. Data were subjected to multivariate statistical techniques including principal component analysis, linear discriminate analysis (PCA-LDA) and logistic regression (LR) revealing a sensitivity of 89% and 68% and a diagnostic accuracy of 73% and 60% for saliva and oral cells, respectively. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of saliva and oral cell SERS combined with PCA-LDA or PCA-LR diagnostic algorithms as a promising clinical adjunct for the non-invasive detection of oral cancer.

A biocompatible serine functionalized nanostructured zirconia based biosensing platform for non-invasive oral cancer detection

Schematic of captured antigen onto BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/serine/nZrO2/ITO immunoelectrode and its electrochemical response.

Nanostructured zirconia decorated reduced graphene oxide based efficient biosensing platform for non-invasive oral cancer detection

We report results of the studies relating to fabrication of a non-invasive, label-free and an efficient biosensing platform for detection of the oral cancer biomarker (CYFRA-21-1). One step hydrothermal process was used for uniform decoration of nanostructured zirconia (average particle size 13nm) on reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2–RGO) to avoid coagulation of the zirconia nanoparticles and to obtain enhanced electrochemical performance of ZrO2–RGO nanocomposite based biosensor. Further, ZrO2–RGO has been functionalized using 3-aminopropyl triethoxy saline (APTES) and electrophoretically deposited on the indium tin oxide coated glass substrate at a low DC potential.The APTES/ZrO2–RGO/ITO electrode exhibits improved heterogeneous electron transfer (more than two times) with respect to that of the APTES/ZrO2/ITO electrode indicating faster electron transfer kinetics. The –NH2 containing APTES/ZrO2–RGO/ITO platform is further biofunctionalized with anti-CYFRA-21-1. The structural and morphological investigations of the ZrO2–RGO based biosensing platform have been accomplished using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies. This immunosensor exhibits a wider linear detection range (2–22ngmL−1), excellent sensitivity (0.756µAmLng−1) and a remarkable lower detection limit of 0.122ngmL−1. The observed results have been validated via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Improving Oral Cancer Survival: The Role of Dental Providers

Oral cancer accounts for 2 percent to 4 percent of all cancers diagnosed each year in the United States. In contrast to other cancers, the overall U.S. survival rate from oral cancer has not improved during the past 50 years, mostly due to late-stage diagnosis. Several noninvasive oral cancer detection techniques that emerged in the past decade will be discussed, with a brief overview of most common oral cancer chemopreventive agents.