In this paper, we discuss the exact solutions of linear homogeneous and nonhomogeneous fractional differential equations with double delays. Firstly, a new concept of double-delayed Mittag-Leffler type matrix function is introduced, which is the promotion of the double-delayed matrix exponential. Secondly, we apply the double-delayed Mittag-Leffler type matrix function and Laplace transform approach to obtain the exact solutions of fractional differential equations with double delays. Furthermore, the solution is used to investigate the Hyers-Ulam stability of the system. Lastly, we illustrate our techniques by an example.