Management Of Non-Governmental Organizations Research Articles

Centralization of NGO Management Sites

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in addressing social issues, promoting development, and providing humanitarian assistance worldwide. With the increasing complexity of their operations and the growing need for transparency and efficiency, there is a pressing demand for innovative solutions in NGO management. This abstract provides an overview of a proposed system focused on the centralization of NGO management, aiming to streamline operations, enhance collaboration, and ensure accountability. The proposed Centralization of NGO Management System is designed as a comprehensive, cloud-based platform that integrates various aspects of NGO operations into a unified interface. The system emphasizes centralized data management, real-time collaboration, and advanced analytics to empower NGOs to make informed decisions and optimize their impact. the Centralization of NGO Management System addresses the challenges faced by NGOs by offering a centralized, integrated, and user-friendly platform. By enhancing collaboration, ensuring data accuracy, and providing valuable insights, this system empowers NGOs to focus on their core mission: creating a positive and lasting impact on society

An Investigation into Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction among Workers in Local and International Non-Governmental Organization in Sierra Leone

Job satisfaction has been linked to higher productivity and lower turnover in the workplace. Workers who are satisfied with their jobs are more inclined to increase output. To develop strategies that address staff welfare concerns, managers must possess the expertise to discern the factors and processes internal and external to employee satisfaction. The study examined job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among workers of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Bo, southern Sierra Leone. Embedded mixed methods research design was used to gather qualitative data through interviews and quantitative data using survey questionnaires. Twenty-one Help Salone and Caritas Sierra Leone staff selected randomly from cluster groups participated in the study. Employees were satisfied with the human resource policies and benefits of their organizations as well as communications and feedback from managers. They were also very satisfied with their healthcare facilities, staff participation and annual leave conditions. Most workers were pleased to perform their daily tasks and, in the process, remain effective and efficient. However, some staff were barely motivated and very few were satisfied with the remunerations they received, considering their job responsibilities. Managers could redesign and modify their administrative, financial and human resource policies to address job dissatisfaction nuisances in the workplace. Making available policies and guidelines, improving motivation, making remuneration commensurate with workload and conducting general and refresher training for staff would lower turnover, foster productivity and promise sustainability. Therefore, managers of NGOs in Sierra Leone should be reminded from time to time that ensuring lower turnover through best practice could save their organizations the huge cost needed to replace competent workers with high propensity to leave in search of greener pastures.

How critical success factors combine to influence success? A configurational theory approach on multiple social projects

PurposeIn literature, it is recognized that there is no universal set of critical success factors (CSFs) applicable to all projects. The goal of this research is to validate a theoretical model which considers that CSFs’ influence on project success (PS) is configurational, that CSFs combine to influence PS.Design/methodology/approachThe authors proposed a theoretical framework which operationalizes CSFs considering contingency and institutional theories' terms, as external contingencies, organizational resources and project strategies, which influence PS. The framework is validated through a qualitative approach on 18 social projects implemented by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Based on the conducted semistructured interviews with NGO managers or project managers, 91 instances when CSFs combine to influence PS were identified.FindingsThe dominant path reveals the combination of CSFs in terms of strategies adopted to face contingencies (70 instances), another as resources which moderate managers' strategies (14 instances), and in seven instances positive contingencies and resources combine and influence the PS. The results reveal that CSFs combine in reactive and dynamic ways to influence PS.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the vast literature on projects' success by adopting a different perspective. Configurational theory explains project management and projects' complexity better than the traditional approaches, which have a rather correlational perspective.

Effects of Stakeholder’s Management in Public Private Partnership on Implementation of Affordable Housing Projects in Meru County, Kenya

More than half of the world's population of over six billion people reside in urban areas, placing increasing responsibility on governments to provide fundamental human necessities, including housing. This challenge is particularly pronounced in Kenya, where many County Government PPP affordable housing initiatives have either failed or been stalled. Both National and County Governments have experienced difficulties in executing these projects, reflecting the nascent stage of PPP application in many underprivileged countries. In Meru County, the Affordable Housing Project (AHP) employs PPP, primarily in the form of joint ventures. This approach distinguishes it from other existing projects and generates a knowledge gap regarding the assessment of the impact of public-private partnerships on the implementation of affordable housing initiatives in this region. The aim of this research was to explore the effects of stakeholder’s management in public private partnership on implementation of affordable housing projects in Meru County, Kenya. Guided by stakeholder theory, the study employed a descriptive research design, collecting data through a structured questionnaire. A proportionate stratified random sampling method was used to select the study sample from County officials, non-governmental organization managers, development partners' managers, and household heads from selected study areas where the projects have been initiated, notably in the Buri, Maweni, Mjini, and Makandara wards. A total of 395 questionnaires were issued to the sampled respondents from a total target of 31978 who included the stakeholders in affordable housing project estates in Meru County that included county official managers in DoLPH (15), NGO’s managers (25), development partners’ managers (5) engaged in affordable housing and household heads (350). The collected data was analyzed and results presented in tables and figures, the qualitative information was presented in prose.

Women Empowerment in Bangladesh NGOS

The main objective of this study is to investigate women empowerment in nongovernmental organizations’ profile in Bangladesh. It discusses the scope of the women empowerment concept of the four big nongovernmental organizations in Bangladesh such as Grameen Bank, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, Proshika and Association for Social Advancement. This paper is based on the literature and studies that highlight the women empowerment issue of these four NGOs. Results showed that two NGOs such as Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee and Proshika consider their women empowerment issue comparatively from a broader view that includes a number of programmes. On the other hand, the rest of the two nongovernmental organizations initiated the women empowerment activities comparatively from a narrower perspective. The overall findings indicate that the concept of women empowerment in all four nongovernmental organizations is concerned as a global concept where contextual perspective in of women empowerment is less considered. In this connection, this paper argues that due to the low level of focus on the contextual perspective, the contribution of nongovernmental organizations to the women empowerment in Bangladesh is not up to the mark in consideration to the duration they are working towards women empowerment. The findings of the paper would be an important guideline to the policy makers, managers of nongovernmental organizations and development practitioners. NU Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences & Business Studies Vol. 7 & 8, No.2 & 1, July 2021 - December 2022 p. 111-126

Is Organizational Evaluation Competency Framework Contextually Relevant for Local NGO Strategy Measurement? Evidence from Uganda

Despite the assumed added value of localization, what remains unclear is the method and framework within which local non-governmental organization (NGO) strategies are measured. Owing to considerable difference between donor demands and local stakeholder’s requirements, local NGO evaluation landscape in many developing countries including Uganda is characterized by disrupted systematic application of evaluation practices and standards. While there are considerable congregation towards ensuring standard evaluation, various evaluation models and frameworks; the proliferation of different donor donors’ framework is increasingly making strategy evaluation as subject of varied imagination against localized norms and standards. This study sought to validate the contextual relevance of organizational evaluation competency (OEC) framework as a standard process upon which local NGOs could meaningfully be seen to contribute to the realization of national development plan and aspirations. In-depth key informant interviews were conducted with 16 respondents drawn from NGO executives, NGO managers, board members, consultants, and academicians from a wider spectrum of specializations. Findings revealed that the OEC framework is contextually relevant for strategy evaluation. Specifically, the findings revealed that matured NGOs strategies were positively impacted by utilization OEC framework as they consistently apply it compared to emerging new local NGO. The study highlight higher potentials in wider application of OEC framework by both matured and emerging NGOs. This implies policy engagement on capacity strengthening must urgently prioritize NGO network support towards a strengthened evaluation technical expertise and steering. Keywords: Localization, Strategy, Organizational evaluation competency framework, NGOs.

Strategic Options and Performance of National Non-Governmental Organizations in the Health Sector in Kenya

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the health sector help achieve national health objectives by delivering local health services. However, diminishing organization performance impacts their work and overall social impact. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of strategic options on the performance of health NGOs in Kenya. The study was grounded on contingency theory and it utilized positivistic research philosophy and cross-sectional research design. The target population of the study was 564 chief executive officers (CEOs) and program directors of 282 national NGOs registered with the NGO coordination board. A sample size of 234 was selected using a random stratified sampling technique that involved 8 regions as strata. Data collection was through a structured questionnaire, while inferential (confirmatory factor analysis – CFA, and structural equation modelling – SEM) and descriptive statistical techniques (frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations) were used for data analysis. SPSS Version 26 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 26 software were used for the analysis. The study findings established that strategic options have a significant positive influence on organization performance among national health NGOs in Kenya (r squared = 0.57, beta = 0.756, CR = 7.446, p < 0.05). The study concludes that selecting the strategic option that aligns with the organization’s context is essential for the organization performance of national health NGOs in Kenya. The study recommends that senior management of national health NGOs should critically consider the three generic strategies of cost leadership, focus and differentiation and select the one that aligns with their contexts to attain their organization performance objectives.

Key informants’ perspectives on policy- and service-level challenges and opportunities for delivering adolescent and youth-friendly health services in public health facilities in a Nigerian setting

BackgroundIntegrating the care of adolescents and young people into existing public health facilities requires deliberate efforts to address challenges related to policy and service provision. This study assessed key informants’ perspectives on policy- and service-level challenges, and opportunities, for implementing a strategic framework for adolescent and youth-friendly health services (AYFHS) in public health facilities in a Nigerian setting.MethodsSeventeen key informants were interviewed including members of the Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) Technical Working Group (TWG), program managers of non-governmental organizations (NGO), State and local level health officials, and youth representatives, in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria.ResultFindings from this study indicate that some health workers continue to have a negative attitude toward young people’s sexual and reproductive health. There was some level of inclusion of adolescents and young people living with disabilities in ASRH programming which is welcome and extremely important. Some of the challenges in ASRH service provision included insufficient coordination of activities of donors/partners working in the adolescent health space. Also found was the missed opportunity to strengthen policy implementation with research, and the need for increased focus on mental health, substance use, and other aspects of adolescent and young people’s health. There was noted the opportunity to explore the Basic Health Care Provisions Funds (BHCPF) as a new source of funding for health services for AYP in Nigeria.ConclusionThis study provided the context of the implementation of a strategic framework for adolescent reproductive health in a Nigerian setting from the perspectives of policy and service-level stakeholders. Opportunities for improving program delivery identified include ensuring research-based policy implementation and seeking program sustainability through tapping into new sources of funding.

Organizational Purpose and Performance of National Health Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of defining organizational purpose on the organizational performance of national health non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Kenya. The study utilized positivism research philosophy and cross-sectional research design. The target population of the study was 564 chief executive officers (CEOs) and program directors of 282 national NGOs registered with the NGO coordination board. A sample size of 234 was selected using a random stratified sampling technique. Data collection was through a structured questionnaire while inferential and descriptive statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to test and explain the study hypothesis. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 26 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 26 software were used for the analysis. The study findings determined that defining organizational purpose had a statistically significant positive influence on organizational performance of national health NGOs in Kenya (r squared = 0.41, beta = 0.642, CR = 7.534, p < 0.05). The study concludes that defining organizational purpose is vital for the organizational performance of national health NGOs in Kenya. The study hence recommends to the top management of national health NGOs in Kenya to clearly articulate the purpose of their organizations thus making employees and managers satisfied and committed to its achievement.

Criação e captura de valor em ecossistemas de inovação

Objective of the study: The objective of this theoretical essay is to propose an integrative framework for analyzing value creation and capture in innovation ecosystems.Methodology: This is a theoretical essay based on a narrative review of the concepts of innovation ecosystems, value creation, and value capture.Originality/Relevance: The article theoretically contributes to the analysis of value creation and capture by comparing and contrasting the platform and territorial approaches in innovation ecosystems.Main results: In analyzing the creation and capture of value in innovation ecosystems, the theoretical similarities and differences between the territorial and platform approaches must be considered. Thus, strategies for creating and capturing value must be designed procedurally, according to each stage of the innovation ecosystem's life cycle. Furthermore, value creation and capture strategies must be aligned, and actors must develop individual and collective mechanisms to create and capture the value in the innovation ecosystem, which can be viewed as a multidimensional value (economic, social, cultural or environmental).Theoretical/methodological contributions: The article provides a conceptual framework as well as six theoretical propositions for analyzing value creation and capture in innovation ecosystems.Social/management contributions: The article assists companies, governments, universities, and non-governmental organization managers in considering both the creation and capture of value as drivers for action in innovation ecosystems.

Mediating Effects of Strategy and Structure between Environmental Predictability, Information Technology Usage and the Performance of NGOs

Strategy development and appropriate organizational structure are crucial for the management of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Performance is also an essential concept for NGOs, even they perform on a volunteer basis. This study focuses on NGO’s strategy and organizational structure and tests their mediating roles between contingency factors (environmental predictability and information technology usage) and performance indicators (effectiveness and sustainability). This study supported empirical results from a survey and utilized a structural equation model. The results indicate that partial mediation exists among all the mentioned contingency variables and performance indicators via structure and between environment and effectiveness via structure.

Balgran: solving issues of an NGO in Jammu and Kashmir

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes have been prepared in accordance with Bloom’s Taxonomy (Bloom et al., 1956). After completing the case, the students shall be able to do the following: • describe the challenges faced by the not-for-profit, non-governmental and voluntary organizations operating at a local level in a conflict-ridden zone (knowledge). • Explain the key features, roles and typologies associated with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (comprehension), apply such typologies to specific organizations (application) and differentiate between social enterprises and NGOs (analysis). • Analyse various scaling-up techniques and infer the technique(s) used or can be potentially used by a particular organization (analysis). • Synthesize different elements of the organizational environment and reflect on the potential influence of these elements on an organization (synthesis). • Develop frameworks by applying institutional theory and motivations for volunteerism to map challenges of organizational legitimacy and volunteer turnover, respectively, as well as make recommendations to tackle these challenges (synthesis and evaluation) • Develop recommendations for the problems faced by not-for-profit voluntary NGOs (evaluation). Case overview/synopsis Balgran, a local not-for-profit non-governmental voluntary organization operating in the conflict-ridden state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India was established in the year 1975 to empower destitute, orphans, abandoned and socially handicapped children. Since its inception, Balgran has expanded its services at a rapid pace including Bal Bharti public school, health care centre, vocational training and a computer centre. Mr A.K. Khajuria, President of Balgran, was concerned about the high turnover of the voluntary staff, mistrust among the potential donors concerning fund management of NGOs and inadequate funding. Mr Khajuria after a few failed attempts at resolving these issues, called for a meeting of the members of the governing body in February 2019 to decide the future plan of action to resolve these issues. Through this case, the students can understand the challenges faced by local NGOs in general and unique challenges (mistrust among potential donors) faced by NGOs operating in conflict-ridden areas such as J&K. The students will be able to enhance their skills in brainstorming and making recommendations while framing possible solutions to the challenges faced by Balgran. The case seeks to enable the students to comprehend the features and typologies associated with NGOs; the role played by local NGOs in community development; differences between social enterprises and NGOs; scaling-up techniques and paths with special reference to local NGOs and the environmental factors that can potentially influence the operation of NGOs. Complexity academic level This case is suitable for undergraduate and graduate-level students learning social entrepreneurship, social work and management of alternate organizations such as NGOs. This case could be used to discuss concepts related to not-for-profit organizations operating in voluntary settings. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

ASSESSING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND FUNDRAISING FOR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN NAROK TOWN, KENYA

Globally, many development organizations both in the public and private sector need resources to help them continue providing services to the community they serve. Specifically, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) for a long time have relied on the generosity of donors to support their project activities through grants and donations. The main objective of this study is to examine the challenges and opportunities that NGOs face in the 21st century while mobilizing resources and fundraising in their quest to remain afloat in the ever-changing world. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population constituted 28 NGOs operating in Narok Town. Various concepts from a collection of 35 studies on challenges and opportunities of resource mobilization and fund raising among NGO between the period 2000 and 2018 were assessed and evaluated. The findings of the study were analyzed based on the common themes and contradictions in the results. The study concluded that NGOs should diversify their funding bases, approach local corporate bodies and philanthropists for funding support. Prudent and sound organizational management of NGOs should be adopted in order to maintain their key mandate as alternatives in working for the vulnerable people. Given the expected roles local NGOs have to play in the development of the less privileged communities, all other players in the development process must collectively re-examine their contributions towards the financing of local NGOs. Local NGOs on their part should be able to assess factors that hinder them from enjoying public and corporate support and ensure effective collaboration between them and the public. The study recommends that there is need to strengthen policies that are related to management of NGO so as to promote sustainability. Secondly, measures need to be put in place to ensure that NGOs can respond to current issues. There is also need to support proper networking so as to create sustainable networks within the NGO sector. Lastly, development agencies need to unearth the root causes of ineffectiveness and redundancies in NGOs through organizational capacity assessment and trainings. This study is expected to offer insights on resource mobilization and fundraising to upcoming NGOs, development partners, CBOs, upcoming researchers, the Government, Educationists and students from a global to a local scenario. Article visualizations:

The role of non-governmental organizations in achieving environmental justice for green and blue spaces

The governance of green and blue spaces (GBS) has gradually shifted from public agencies to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide. Scholars have attributed this shift to the increased adoption of neoliberal governance involving reduced public spending for GBS. Although NGOs’ work on GBS has raised environmental justice (EJ) concerns, some GBS NGOs have formed to advanced EJ goals. To date, limited research has compared GBS NGOs striving to advance different EJ pursuits, namely distributional justice (equal provision of GBS), procedural justice (engagement of marginalized people in GBS decision-making), and interactional justice (meaningful experiences in GBS for marginalized people). Focusing on California, where NGO coalitions have achieved significant EJ victories, we examine which GBS NGO characteristics are associated with their involvement in different EJ pursuits. We identify 121 GBS NGOs working in coalitions and analyze their websites and tax returns to extract information about their EJ focus, scope of work, revenue, and other characteristics. We find that working in urban settings, having higher revenue, and having a smaller geographic scale of work are associated with the odds of coalition-member GBS NGOs working on distributional justice. Few NGO characteristics are associated with the odds of working on procedural and interactional justice, suggesting that a broader range of coalition-member NGOs work on these tasks than on distributional justice. We also find that significantly fewer GBS NGOs outside coalitions focus on EJ than NGOs in coalitions. These findings from California can inform funding agencies, NGO management, and GBS government agencies worldwide.

How Strategic Decisions Impact the Success of Local Advocacy Interventions at Greenpeace

International advocacy non-governmental organizations (NGOs) represent key actors of global governance. In this paper, we depart from the current paradigm that considers these NGOs as stakeholders to businesses and governments to investigate how they make decisions concerning their advocacy interventions. Our contribution is twofold. First, we develop a framework that explains how the national and regional organizations (NROs) at Greenpeace strategize their interventions. Second, we adopt a set-theoretic approach to investigate how the decision points associated with an intervention impact its success. Our findings show that the success of interventions largely depends on the choice of targets and tactics in relation to the particular context of an intervention. Our study calls for a greater understanding of the strategic management of international advocacy NGOs.

Suriyeli Çocukların Eğitim ve Uyum Sorunlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kızıltepe Örneği

Göç süreci yetişkinlere kıyasla çocukları çok daha fazla etkileyen bir süreçtir. Suriye’den göç eden mültecilerin yarısına yakını çocuk ve bu çocukların da büyük çoğunluğu okul çağındadır. Göç eden bu kitlenin içerisinde eğitim görmesi gereken önemli bir kitlenin olması sebebiyle karşımıza bu çocukların eğitim sorunu çıkmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu çalışma da 2011 yılında Suriye’de yaşanan iç savaş sonrasında Türkiye’ye göç edip Mardin ilinin Kızıltepe ilçesine yerleşen eğitim çağındaki göçmen çocuklarının eğitim sürecindeki deneyimlerini ve eğitim sorunlarını analiz edip, sorun alanlarını tespit ederek yaşadıkları sorunlara çözüm önerileri sunmayı hedeflemiştir. Nitel yöntemle yapılan bu araştırma kapsamında, 20 Suriyeli Ortaöğretim öğrencisi, 6 veli, 5 öğretmen, 3 Suriyeli gönüllü eğitici (Koordinatör), 5 eğitim kurumu yöneticisi, 2 il-ilçe milli eğitim yöneticisi (Şube Müdürü) ve 4 (2 Sendika, 2 dernek) sivil toplum örgütü yöneticisi olmak üzere 45 kişi ile derinlemesine görüşme yapılmıştır. Saha çalışmasını gerçekleştirdiğimiz Kızıltepe’de eğitimine devam eden Suriyeli çocukların eğitim durumlarını incelediğimizde okulda yaşadıkları temel sıkıntının dil ve buna bağlı olarak iletişim sorunu olduğu görülmektedir. Katılımcıların neredeyse tamamı çocukların dil ve buna bağlı olarak iletişim sıkıntısı yaşadığını ifade etmiştir. Bu temel sorunun yanında Suriyeli çocuklar eğitimleri sürecinde, dersleri anlamada güçlük, buna bağlı olarak derslerde başarısızlık, dışlanma ve önyargılara maruz kalma, okul kültürüne uyum sağlayamama gibi pek çok konuda sıkıntı yaşamaktadırlar. Eğitim sürecinde yaşanan sorunların çözümüne yönelik olarak, Türkçe dil kurslarının artırılması, farklı programların uygulanması ve eğitimleri sürecinde mülteci çocuklara uzman desteğinin verilmesi gibi öneriler ön plana çıkmıştır. Ayrıca rehberlik çalışmalarını artırılması, sosyalleşme çalışmalarına ağırlık verilmesi ve okuldaki tüm personele hizmet içi eğitimin verilmesi diğer öneriler arasındadır.

Can social accountability improve access to free public health care for the poor? Analysis of three Health Equity Fund configurations in Cambodia, 2015-17.

Within the context of universal health coverage, community participation has been identified as instrumental to facilitate access to health services. Social accountability whereby citizens hold providers and policymakers accountable is one popular approach. This article describes one example, that of Community-Managed Health Equity Funds (CMHEFs), as an approach to community engagement in Cambodia to improve poor people's use of their entitlement to fee-free health care at public health facilities. The objectives of this article are to describe the size of its operations and its ability to enable poor people continued access to health care. Using data collected routinely, we compare the uptake of curative health services by eligible poor people under three configurations of Health Equity Funds (HEFs) during a 24-month period (July 2015-June 2017): Standard HEF that operated without community engagement, Mature CMHEFs established years before the study period and New CMHEFs initiated just before the study period. One year within the study, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) stopped operating the HEF nationwide and only the community-participation aspects of New CMHEF continued receiving technical assistance from an NGO. Using utilization figures for curative services by non-poor people for comparison, following the cessation of HEF management by the NGOs, outpatient consultation figures declined for all three configurations in comparison with the year before but only significantly for Standard HEF. The three HEF configurations experienced a highly statistically significant reduction in monthly inpatient admissions following halting of NGO management of HEFs. This study shows that enhancing access to free health care through social accountability is optimized at health centres through engagement of a wide range of community representatives. Such effect at hospitals was only observed to a limited extent, suggesting the need for more engagement of hospital management authorities in social accountability mechanisms.

Stakeholder Empowerment and Implementation of Sustainable Community Food Security Projects in Nyando Basin, Kenya

Implementation of sustainable community food security projects is a major challenge not only in Kenya, but also in many developing countries affected by acute food insecurity. Anecdotal evidence suggests that stakeholder empowerment may have an influence on implementation of community food security projects. However, few studies have established the association between stakeholder empowerment and implementation of community. The study was conducted in the Nyando basin of Western Kenya. The Nyando basin is one of the regions in Kenya that experiences serious food insecurity. The perennial flooding and with the basin exposes the families and communities in the Nyando Basin not only to food insecurity but also to diseases that cumulatively affect the productive capacity of the families and communities living within the basin. A cross-sectional study design was used. The target population was 769 people composed of members of three food security projects (cassava, sorghum and sweet potato projects), agricultural extension officers, county government officials, managers of non-governmental organizations providing technical support to community food security projects within the basin. A sample size of 260 was computed using Krecjie and Morgan (1970) sample size estimation. Data was collected using questionnaire. Simple random sampling and stratified sampling procedures were used. Descriptive and inferential data were analysed. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, means and standard deviation, while inferential statistics included Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, ANOVA and regression coefficients. There was statistically significant relationship between stakeholder empowerment and implementation of sustainable community food security projects ((r = 0.292 and p = 0.000; thus, p value of 0.000 < 0.05). It is recommended that stakeholder empowerment processes should be prioritized in community food security projects to make them sustainable. It is also recommended that stakeholder empowerment should be integrated in community food security policies and projects. Keywords : Stakeholder Empowerment, Food Security, Sustainable Community Food Security Projects, Nyando Basin. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-4-15 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

Uwarunkowania prawne i zarządzanie organizacjami pozarządowymi w Polsce

The aim of this paper is to present the new challenges in the area of modern management of non-governmental organizations in Poland. On the base of detailed analysis of available literature the definition and classification of non-governmental organizations in Poland were presented, together with description of the aims, roles and functions of third sector in Poland. Moreover, a legal conditioning of functioning of non-governmental organizations were described, as well as the specifics of their management Poland.

Empowerment in the Asylum-seeker Regime? The Roles of Policies, the Non-profit Sector and Refugee Community Organizations in Hong Kong

Abstract This article presents an analysis of the extent to which non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and refugee community organizations (RCOs) empower asylum seekers in Hong Kong. Based on 28 in-depth interviews with asylum seekers and five interviews with NGO managers, the author argues that mainstream NGOs adopt the traditional roles of Provider and Liberator, whereas RCOs take up ‘alternative roles’ in addition to a limited range of traditional roles. Mainstream NGOs determine and hierarchize the needs and wants of their clients and cater only to the former. This, in turn, is experienced as disempowerment by service recipients, who feel that the NGOs are not working for the recipients’ benefit, but rather to further their own agenda. RCOs proactively engage in policy advocacy, although this has yet to enhance their popularity among asylum seekers. Overall, the major challenges to empowerment for asylum seekers in Hong Kong are the financial dependence of mainstream NGOs on the government, the Hong Kong government’s perceptions of welfare policy and civil society, the existence of the international refugee regime and disunity among asylum seekers.