Management Of Non-Governmental Organizations Research Articles

Perceptions of tourism-related non-governmental organization (NGO) managers in Antalya

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of tourism-related non-governmental organization (NGO) managers on overtourism trends in Antalya, Turkey.Design/methodology/approachFocus group study was implemented and three focus group interviews were undertaken with 34 NGO managers in total as a sample. The population of the research consisted of 65 tourism-related NGO managers in Antalya.FindingsThe results of the research reveal that Antalya was perceived as neither in a tourism development stage nor afflicted by overtourism by NGO managers. NGOs are one of the major stakeholders in the tourism industry, and hence their perceptions of overtourism would probably be the stimulating force for further sustainable development in the destination.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation is that the research was realized voluntarily by 34 NGOs in Antalya. It would have been better to have more volunteer respondents.Practical implicationsThe viewpoints of stakeholders about their perceptions of tourism development in Antalya would be a helpful next step to refer back to practitioners so as to develop further strategic plans from their perspectives.Social implicationsAs social exchange theory states, communities benefiting from tourism development will support further improvement in tourism. Hence, in their role as spokespersons for the community, the perceptions of NGOs will influence decision-makers to draw implications from the study for wider consideration.Originality/valueAs a consequence, a model was proposed according to the results of the research. The findings of the research paper highlight the evolution of high-flow tourism in the destination.

An Examination of the Gender Experiences in Conflict Management Among Communities in Tana River County, Kenya

Increasing conflicts in many parts of the world are responsible for many losses of lives and destruction to property. Men and women have been cited as experiencing conflicts in unique, diverse and dissimilar ways. In Tana River County of Kenya, conflicts have persistently occurred among the communities with no durable solutions. The study specifically examined the gender experiences in conflict management among communities in Tana River County. The study was guided by the social conflict theory. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population was male and female heads of households; managers of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs); managers of Community Based Organizations (CBOs); youths and, administrative chiefs. The sample size was 384 comprising of 182 female and 202 male heads of households and 22 key informants selected randomly from NGOs, CBOs and area administrative units. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select participants who responded to questionnaires, interview and focus group discussions. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative data analysis and presentation was done using frequencies, tables and charts. The study found out the experiences of men and women in conflict management are different. Men’s experiences are more on inadequate skills, hostility and difficulty in being trusted to handle conflicts fairly. Women on the other hand have experiences ranging from marginalization, discrimination and gender based violence to unguaranteed security during conflict. The study concludes that the differences in experiences have a potential to influence conflict management. The study recommends that the processes of conflict management should be cognizant of the fact that men and women experience conflicts differently. In order to reduce the conflicts, the managers of conflict among communities in Tana River county should take into account the differences in order to develop interventions that can reduce conflicts in the communities . (297 words) Keywords : gender experiences, gender differences, conflict management DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-27-13 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Fondos y archivos de las organizaciones no gubernamentales: retos para la gestión de documentos

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y analizar los problemas y los retos que plantea lagestión de los documentos de las organizaciones no gubernamentales atendiendo a las cuatrofunciones archivísticas: identificación y reunión, conservación, organización y difusión y acceso. Elmétodo seguido consiste en el análisis de la producción científica más relevante bajo la forma de unarevisión bibliográfica de tipo sistemática cualitativa. Se presenta como modelo de referencia laexperiencia de preservación y promoción de los archivos de las sociedades de beneficencia yvoluntarios del Reino Unido. Se concluye que los fondos de las organizaciones no gubernamentalesno reciben suficiente atención ni por sus productores, las autoridades y la doctrina archivística, apesar de su valor para la gestión administrativa, la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y lareputación de sus creadores y para la historia. Se propone la elaboración de unas directricesinternacionales generales, a partir de los manuales publicados por el Consejo Internacional deArchivos y los archiveros de las ONG británicas, que servirían de base para guías y recursos deámbito nacional. Para el caso de España se sugiere que las autoridades archivísticas de lasComunidades Autónomas deberían planificar y financiar campañas para la recuperación yconservación de fondos mediante convenios de colaboración con las sociedades que operan en susterritorios.

The Influence of Social Capital on Knowledge Management Maturity of Nonprofit Organizations – Predictive Modelling Based on a Multilevel Analysis

Nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are important development actors that operate in ecosystems of multi and cross-sector stakeholders in order to reach the most vulnerable social groups of people. Having this in mind, our goal was to explore to what extent their social capital influences their knowledge in order to propose a model that could optimize their knowledge management maturity through social resources embedded into their structure. Therefore, we focused on NGOs from the European Union and the Western Balkans operating in the international development and cooperation sector. We first conducted a survey among 215 NGOs and then cross-checked the received data through desk research and in-depth interviews. We utilized collected structured data and devised a binary classification model capable of discriminating high level from the low level of knowledge management maturity in NGOs, and multi-class classification model for estimating the actual category of knowledge management maturity which can simulate the real connection among social capital and existing knowledge management maturity. Our findings provide valuable data to the NGO management, regardless of where the NGO comes from, of the number of employees it has, and the number of projects it runs. The mathematical models based on neural networks used in this paper show with high accuracy what the knowledge management maturity level (for each output) is in case there exists prior information about social capital (inputs).

Attitudes of Current Managers towards Hadiths on Management and Managers

The objective of this study is to observe the perception of Islam concerning the concept of management by revealing characteristics, the content of concepts of management and manager in fundamental Hadith resources and the relationship with other concepts and to observe the attitudes of current managers toward this perception. The study was finalized with a survey research carried out with 603 participants, being managers of public enterprises and non-governmental organization. It is observed that the expressions established according to Hadith contents studied as a result of analysis conducted show parallelism with contemporary ideal management principles. In this respect, managers show positive approach to the messages given in general. According to the results of survey research, meaningful attitude differences were detected in terms of features of managers, management applications and opinions about the behaviours of subordinates among public, enterprise and non-governmental organization managers.

Are Landowners, Managers, and Range Management Academics on the Same Page About Conservation?

On the Ground • Conservation of California rangelands hinges on partnerships among ranchers, agency and nongovernmental organization managers, and academics. • A “sustainable use” perspective on conservation was predominate among ranchers, whereas a more preservation-oriented perspective was common among managers; the perspective of academics was in between the two. • Conservation priorities among ranchers and managers largely overlapped, except that ranchers prioritized livestock production and ranch succession, and managers prioritized habitat protection. • Land use change was a shared concern among the three groups. • Opportunities for rangeland conservation included improving communication among diverse stakeholders and applying recent scientific developments to on-the-ground range management.

NGOs management: a roadmap to effective practices

PurposeFrom one year to another, more researchers join in the ever-growing field of interest of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Nevertheless, the literature on NGOs management is not as rich as what has been developed for private companies and bodies in the business world. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for managing NGOs effectively.Design/methodology/approachReviewing the literature on NGOs management from different areas, the paper proposes a conceptual framework.FindingsThe paper provides a conceptual framework on how different management functions are involved in a mutual framework for managing NGOs.Research limitations/implicationsThe author needs to empirically test the suggested framework using qualitative and qualitative techniques.Originality/valueThe author’s perspective on NGOs management is a subject of great interest for different NGOs stakeholders including: donors, communities, volunteers, managers and policy-makers.

\u201cWays and channels for voice regarding perceptions of maternal health care services within the communities of the Makamba and Kayanza provinces in the Republic of Burundi: an exploratory study\u201d

BackgroundIncreased availability of maternal health services alone does not lead to better outcomes for maternal health.The services need to be utilized first.One way to increase service utilization is to plan responsive health care services by taking into account the community’s views or expressed needs.Burundi has a high maternal mortality ratio, and despite improvements in health infrastructure, skilled staff and the abolition of user fees for pregnant women,utilization of maternal health services remains low. Possible reasons for this include a lack of responsive healthcare services.An exploratory study was conducted in 2013 in two provinces of Burundi (Makamba and Kayanza), with the aim to collect the experiences of women and men with the maternal health services,their views regarding those services, channels used to express these experiences, and the providers’ reaction.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were used to collect data from men and women and key informants, including community health workers, health committee members, health providers, local authorities, religious leaders and managers of non-governmental organizations. Data analysis was facilitated by MAXQDA 11 software.ResultsNegative experiences with maternal health services were reported and included poor staff behavior towards women and a lack of medicine. Health committees and suggestion boxes were introduced by the government to channel the community’s views. However, they are not used by the community members, who prefer to use community health workers as intermediaries. Fear of expressing oneself linked to the post-war context of Burundi, social and gender norms, and religious norms limit the expression of community members’ views, especially those of women. The limited appreciation of community health workers by the providers further hampers communication and acceptance of the community’s views by health providers.ConclusionIn Burundi, the community voice to express views on maternal health services is encountering obstacles and needs to be strengthened,especially the women’s voice. Community mobilization in the form of a mass immunization campaign day organized by women fora, and community empowerment using participatory approaches could contribute towards community voice strengthening.

Identity Tensions During an NGO Name Change: How Managers Experience an International Organization’s Rebranding Effort

ABSTRACTThis study examined emergent identity tensions among managers of a non-governmental organization (NGO) during a major rebranding initiative. With respect to organizational identification, NGO managers expressed pride in their organization, frustration regarding public ignorance about their organization, and broader connection with NGO identity. Resulting identity tensions of certainty/uncertainty, transparency/opacity, and participation/restriction highlight that NGO managers identify more closely with their organization when it adheres to mission objectives and encourages stakeholder inclusivity, and less closely when their organization loses identity in the renaming process, or when there is less perceived transparency and inclusion. Findings suggest that NGO managers and organizational researchers may benefit from further investigation into renaming campaigns in light of NGO mission, as well as the resulting stakeholder identity implications.

Expanding boundaries: Nongovernmental organizations as supply chain members

Abstract Using a social movement perspective, we propose a framework that includes nonprofit actors as members of supply chains in a context that we call sustainable supply chain facilitation, particularly within multi-stakeholder supply chain sustainability initiatives. In this framework, certain nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) work alongside other supply chain firms, going beyond technical roles to serve as coordinators, conveners, organizers, brokers, and negotiators who facilitate multiparty agreement on sustainability issues within and across supply chains. We describe a set of roles consisting of third-party facilitators (3PF), fourth-party facilitators (4PF), and fifth-party facilitators (5PF) serving in increasingly strategic roles with increasing numbers of actors, and with increasing potential for co-creation of value in global supply chains. Reframing nongovernmental organizations as members of supply chains instead of outsiders provides a dramatically different perspective. This explicit acknowledgement of membership can help business and NGO managers to rethink their own roles and motivations and to find collaborative solutions in the steady transition to more sustainable supply chains.

Combining and aggregating environmental data for status and trend assessments: challenges and approaches.

Increasingly, natural resource management agencies and nongovernmental organizations are sharing monitoring data across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Doing so improves their abilities to assess local-, regional-, and landscape-level environmental conditions, particularly status and trends, and to improve their ability to make short- and long-term management decisions. Status monitoring assesses the current condition of a population or environmental condition across an area. Monitoring for trends aims at monitoring changes in populations or environmental condition through time. We wrote this paper to inform agency and nongovernmental organization managers, analysts, and consultants regarding the kinds of environmental data that can be combined with suitable techniques and statistically aggregated for new assessments. By doing so, they can increase the (1) use of available data and (2) the validity and reliability of the assessments. Increased awareness of the difficulties inherent in combining and aggregating data for local- and regional-level analyses can increase the likelihood that future monitoring efforts will be modified and/or planned to accommodate data from multiple sources.

Payday, ponchos, and promotions: a qualitative analysis of perspectives from non-governmental organization programme managers on community health worker motivation and incentives.

BackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) have been central to broadening the access and coverage of preventative and curative health services worldwide. Much has been debated about how to best remunerate and incentivize this workforce, varying from volunteers to full time workers. Policy bodies, including the WHO and USAID, now advocate for regular stipends.MethodsThis qualitative study examines the perspective of health programme managers from 16 international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who directly oversee programmes in resource-limited settings. It aimed to explore institutional guidelines and approaches to designing CHW incentives, and inquire about how NGO managers are adapting their approaches to working with CHWs in this shifting political and funding climate. Second, it meant to understand the position of stakeholders who design and manage non-governmental organization-run CHW programmes on what they consider priorities to boost CHW motivation. Individuals were recruited using typical case sampling through chain referral at the semi-annual CORE Group meeting in the spring of 2012. Semi-structured interviews were guided by a peer reviewed tool. Two reviewers analyzed the transcripts for thematic saturation.ResultsSix key factors influenced programme manager decision-making: National-level government policy, donor practice, implicit organizational approaches, programmatic, cultural, and community contexts, experiences and values of managers, and the nature of the work asked of CHWs. Programme managers strongly relied on national government to provide clear guidance on CHW incentives schemes. Perspectives on remuneration varied greatly, from fears that it is unsustainable, to the view that it is a basic human right, and a mechanism to achieve greater gender equity. Programme managers were interested in exploring career paths and innovative financing schemes for CHWs, such as endowment funds or material sales, to heighten local ownership and sustainability of programmes. Participants also supported the creation of both national-level and global interfaces for sharing practical experience and best practices with other CHW programmes.ConclusionPrescriptive recommendations for monetary remuneration, aside from those coming from national governments, will likely continue to meet resistance by NGOs, as contexts are nuanced. There is growing consensus that incentives should reflect the nature of the work asked of CHWs, and the potential for motivation through sustainable financial schemes other than regular salaries. Programme managers advocate for greater transparency and information sharing among organizations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1478-4491-12-66) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Special Education Teachers’ Competency and Challenges in Teaching Children with Intellectual Disabilities: Narratives from Afghanistan

This paper investigates the proficiency of special education (SE) teachers and the challenges they face in educating children with intellectual disabilities (CIDs), as reported by primary school teachers in Afghanistan. This study utilized a qualitative narrative research approach. A total of five special education (SE) teachers who teach children with intellectual disabilities (CIDs) from different primary schools in Kabul, Afghanistan participated in this study. The schools where the special education (SE) teachers work were under the management of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The five teachers were interviewed in the Afghan language, Dari, as well as English, based on the participants' choices, and subsequently transcribed and translated accordingly. The data was analysed using thematic analysis and resulted in the identification of three main themes: the competencies of teachers in fieldwork; pedagogical and professional knowledge; and the behavioural issues of children with intellectual disabilities (CIDs) as well as the difficulties encountered by special education (SE) teachers. They have indicated their requirement for professional development programs and modern instructional tools, both of which are considered necessary skills for instructors working in the field of special education. Ultimately, the results of this study suggest that special education (SE) teachers should possess extensive knowledge in their specific areas of expertise and consistently strive to improve their professional expertise and level of teaching proficiency. This can be achieved by enhancing their knowledge, engaging in specialized training programs for the field of special education, and actively seeking further information on the instructional skills required to support students with cognitive impairments who require individualized educational planning.

Communication of Non-Governmental Organizations via Facebook Social Network

The paper explores online communication of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGO) with their stakeholders. The aim of the research is to determine whether organizations use Facebook social network, and what communicative purpose they use it for. The subject of analysis has been firstly the transparency of NGO operations, secondly the engagement of stakeholders for the purposes of strengthening relationships and securing resources, and thirdly the potential of Facebook social network as a public relations tool that is able to ensure openness in the activities of the civil sector. Based on the conducted study, it was concluded that majority of environmental NGOs have still not developed an awareness on the benefits of this type of communication, and that only minority of organizations which do use Facebook as a public relations tool pay any significant attention to establishing of interactive dialogue with the main stakeholders. For more exhaustive conclusions and in order to explain the findings from manager’s point of view, we used secondary data from surveys conducted by the NGO “Civic Initiatives”, such as questionnaires and in-depth interviews with managers of non-governmental organizations. The significance of this paper is that it provides an overview of the current situation in the study area and provides theoretical background and guidance to managers and public relations practitioners for the improvement of their activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.25.2.3594

Managing Good Intentions: The Relationship between Donors and African NGOs

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) were once seen as the panacea for the ills that plagued international development and economic growth, especially in Africa. They neatly side-stepped issues such as illegitimacy, lack of community involvement, corruption, cultural misunderstanding and language barriers. Donors, some reluctantly, some enthusiastically, began increasing their funding directly to NGOs. Yet, the expected developmental outcomes never materialized, at least not on a broad scale. The reasons NGOs haven't performed as expected are myriad and complex. Starting with unrealistic expectations, donors and NGOs both have been taking an epic journey with obstacles worthy of Hercules (although more subtle and often requiring advanced degrees in economics). This paper will examine one of the more complex challenges facing NGOs: their relationship to their funders. As funding is crucial to an organization's longevity and reach, then the donor/NGO relationship is one, of surprisingly many, important factor in the efficacy of NGOs management in Africa. The cultivation of a new relationship between corporate donors and NGOs is proposed as an alternative that can serve both parties.

Win–Win–Win: The Influence of Company‐Sponsored Volunteerism Programs on Employees, NGOs, and Business Units

Although the number of firms adopting corporate volunteerism programs is rising steadily, very few firms are assessing the benefits of such programs on target groups, such as employees and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and identifying the conditions under which benefits to the various groups are maximized. This study addresses both by examining the conditions of employees’ corporate volunteer assignments that lead to increased employee engagement, sustainability of the volunteers’ project within the NGO, capability development for the business unit, and employees’ continuation of volunteerism. Using a longitudinal and multisource design, responses from 116 corporate volunteers from a global pharmaceutical organization are matched with responses from their NGO managers and their business unit managers at 3 points in time: at the start of the volunteer assignment, at the end of the assignment, and 6 months after the completion of the assignment. Across these outcomes, we found that employees’ volunteer assignments are most valuable when they are international, when the volunteers perceive that their projects contribute meaningfully the NGO's functioning, when volunteers have professional skills (and are able to use them), when there are opportunities for skills to be developed that can be applied in the volunteers’ regular work role, and when the NGOs have tangible resources to sustain the volunteers’ projects.

Personnel Management in NGOs of Bangladesh

Activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Bangladesh have gained momentum due to the failure of both governmental organizations (GOs) and for-profit organizations (FPOs) in achieving their mission and objectives, and thus their inability to fulfill needs of the beneficiaries/customers. Prima facie investigations show that little research has been done on the personnel management of NGOs in Bangladesh. In view of this situation, using a mixed method of survey of archival sources, quantitative review of job advertisements data, unstructured interview, and a case study, this research examines personnel management practice of NGOs, and explores basic characteristics in the three areas of personnel selection and recruitment, training and education, and compensation and motivation. The findings suggest that large NGOs implement systematic practices, possess adequate organizational structure, employ professional managers, and nurture pragmatic environments for their personnel management. The NGOs emphasize professionalism and career orientation and implement long-term, forward-looking approaches in their selection, recruitment, and remuneration. These management practices also follow national employment practices, attach importance to national wage and salary principles, policies, and scales for the GO/FPOs, but formulate their principles and systems keeping those in view. The international NGOs (INGOs) follow domestic practices, implement policies and practices of their own which is found to create confusion in the national job market. The small and mid-size NGOs, however, do not possess personnel management practices of their own, rather they follow and imitate larger members. The authors envision further research on this topic with a focus on both of its micro and macro aspects, and use of advanced methods and tools to develop a full model of NGO-human resources management (HRM) in Bangladesh. Keywords: Bangladesh, Personnel Management, NGOs, Job Advertisement, Job Notification, Recruitment, Remuneration, Selection

Os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso na Gestão de Organizações Não Governamentais

This article analyzes the management of NonGovernmental Organizations (NGOs),identifying the critical success factors that impact on their development, fundraising and relationship with public and private funding sources. Theoretical references were used in two fields: in strategic management, by examining aspects such as environmental analysis, planning and competitive advantages, and in the third sector management, analyzing the NGOs and their specificity with their corporate, political and social character and their relationship with public and private sectors, which are issues that require management knowledge and skills. The study was conducted according to the exploratory model of multiple studies and was carried out in four NGOs in the metropolitan region of Salvador, with a comparative analysis between organizations. The results indicate the existence of a direct relationship between the environment, strategic positioning, management structure and technical expertise level of the team to achieve results in the areas of fundraising and social development projects. Keywords: Social Projects, Third Sector Management, Strategic Management.

Shraddhanand Mahila Ashram: a quest for a future filled with dreams

Subject area Mission and vision for strategic management of non governmental organizations. Study level/applicability This case can be used for strategic management course (with a focus on vision and mission), particularly for the management of non governmental organizations (NGOs) (with a focus on discovering and defining directions). Case overview Shraddhanand Mahila Ashram completed 83 years of its existence in 2011. Sharadhanand Mahila Ashram has been managed by the Hindu women's welfare society. The organization for the last eight decades has been caring for destitute women, orphans up to six years old, and caring for girls till they reached 18 years of age. The Ashram has also been taking care of mentally and physically challenged orphans. The Ashram over the years changed its policies and practices to be in tune with the social requirements in the changing environment. Up to the close of the first decade of the 21st century the Ashram had been providing traditional training to the young ladies and then subsequently would marry them. In the last two decades beginning 1991, because of the economic development of India and the economic integration of India with the West, cultural changes had transpired in Indian society. Women in general have been becoming more empowered and economically independent. Given this context the committee members of the Ashram were contemplating on the future guidance to the girls of the Ashram for making them empowered and independent individuals. This would shift the established policies and practices of the Ashram and lead to a new vision. Expected learning outcomes The case would help students to reflect on the significance of mission and vision statement of an NGO. The case would further help students to understand the day to day working practices of an NGO as derived from mission and mission statements. The students will be able to comprehend the need for review and change in mission and vision statements. The students will also be able to understand how mission and vision statements aligned to the organizational practices and policies impact at ground zero and above. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available.

EXPECTATIONS AND CAPACITY OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN NGOs IN THE DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT

SUMMARYThere are many obstacles to promoting learning as an outcome of performance measurement in non‐governmental organizations (NGO) social service providers, especially in less developed countries. Building upon a conceptualization of accountability as a multifaceted set of relationships through which funders, or principals, and non‐profit providers, or agents, jointly shape organizational learning, and performance, this study expands our understanding of how accountability mechanisms affect learning within service providers. This paper explores the role that funders play in shaping performance measurement, or monitoring, practices within NGOs serving disadvantaged children in developing countries. We examined the experience of service providers in Egypt and Colombia to assess how the barriers to use of performance data and learning may be addressed. We conducted interviews using the same protocols with program managers in six non‐profit providers in each country that provide services to children, and we also interviewed major donors in the arena of children's services in the USA. We probed the NGO managers' experiences with performance measurement to identify obstacles and potential solutions to improve the use of the data to promote learning. Our findings support previous research about the potential for upward accountability mechanisms to influence internal learning. We suggest that funders should be held accountable for how the incentives and disincentives they provide to grantees affect their internal learning about how to improve their services. This notion of ‘reverse accountability’ means that funders need to be strategic and intentional when they design reporting mechanisms that affect the learning behaviours within their grantees. In line with our call for reverse accountability, we offer a model demonstrating our notion of the two‐way flow of accountability and we offer recommendations to help improve the performance reporting environment for NGOs who are addressing complex problems with less than adequate capacity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.