Non-governmental Hospitals Research Articles

Heart Failure Care Facilitators and Barriers in Rural Haiti: A Qualitative Study

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations in Haiti. However, few patients return for outpatient care. The factors contributing to chronic HF care access are poorly understood. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilitators and barriers to accessing care for chronic HF from the patients’ perspectives. Methods: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study of 13 patients with HF participating in three group interviews and one individual interview. We recruited patients after discharge from a nongovernmental organization-supported academic hospital in rural Haiti. We employed thematic analysis using emergent coding and categorized themes using the socioecological model. Findings: Facilitators of chronic care included participants’ knowledge about the importance of treatment for HF and engagement with health systems to manage symptoms. Social support networks helped participants access clinics. Participants reported low cost of care at this subsidized hospital, good medication accessibility, and trust in the healthcare system. Participants expressedstrong spiritual beliefs, with the view that the healthcare system is an extension of God’s influence. Barriers to chronic care included misconceptions about the importance of adherence to medications when symptoms improve and remembering follow-up appointments. Unexpectedly, participants believed they should take their HF medications with food and that food insecurity resulted in missed doses. Lack of social support networks limited clinic access. The nonhealthcare costs associated with clinic visits were prohibitive for many participants. Participants expressed low satisfaction regarding the clinic experience. A barrier to healthcare was the belief that heart disease caused by mystical and supernatural spirits is incurable. Conclusions: We identified several facilitators and barriers to chronic HF care with meaningful implications for HF management in rural Haiti. Future interventions to improve chronic HF care should emphasize addressing misconceptions about HF management and fostering patient support systems for visit and medication adherence. Leveraging local spiritual beliefs may also promote care engagement.

229 A Comparative Study Between Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy with Omentopexy Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Aim Sleeve Gastrectomy, is a widely used procedure globally. However, omentopexy is a newly added variation, which involves reattachment of the omental to the stomach. Currently, there is not enough data regarding this technique, so this study evaluates the impact of omentopexy in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on intra-operative time and complications within one year of follow-up. Method A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2021 to June 2023 in Ain Shams University Hospitals and other non-government hospitals, which included 174 for a one-year follow-up. Results In our study 87 patients in each group. Both groups underwent Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy, Group (I) with omentopexy while Group (II) without omentopexy. Regarding intra-operative time, the mean time in minutes in the group (I) is 115.45 minutes with a standard deviation ±11.19. While in group (II) is 79.8 minutes with a standard deviation of ±13.3 (p=O.001). Regarding complications rate within one year. leakage occurred in 1(1.14%) patient in group (I). While, in 3(3.4%) patients in group (II) (p=0.62). Bleeding was found in 1 (1.1%) patient in group(I) and 2(2.3%) patients in group (II) (p=1). GERD was found in 10(11.49%) patients in group(I) and 12(13.7%) patients in group (II) (p=0.82). Conclusions Omentopexy with LSG has shown to be a successful merging technique in terms of decreasing the rate of leakage and bleeding, although it appears to require more operative time, further refinement of the learning curve is possible to further reduce operative time.

Recognizing and Describing the Factors Affecting the Design of the Innovation Ecosystem Model in the Field of Health with an Emphasis on the Role of E-Government

Background: Development of innovation issues in countries has led to the formation of new concepts in this field. Some of these concepts include innovation systems ranging from national, sectoral, etc., innovation networks, commercialization, and innovation ecosystems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design recognition and description of the factors affecting the design of the ecosystem model of innovation in the field of health with an emphasis on the role of e-government. Methods: The type of qualitative study is a type of theory. A semi-structured interview was used to gather information. And the analysis of Strauss and Corbyn's method and the paradoxical model were used. The samples were selected through targeted sampling. And finally, 7 senior and middle managers of government and non-governmental hospitals in Yazd province entered the study. Results: The model designed in this study includes the effective dimensions and components, obstacles and strategies, causal conditions, contextual, intermediary and constituent elements that are the pivotal phenomenon, Shows the consequences and strategies. identifiers and Ecosystem Factors Innovation 37 Concepts, 4 Main categories Enabling policies and regulations, Access to data and infrastructure، funding and validation opportunities and ease of acceptance and dissemination of innovations (from interviews and research literature) were formulated in the form of a conceptual model Conclusion: The process of study was explained in the form of the story line of the electronic government data theory. Finally, the innovation ecosystem model in the field of biotechnology was designed and analyzed. Finally, this model can be used to design an innovation ecosystem in the field of health.

Depression and anxiety status among informal caregivers of patients with cancer treated at selected tertiary hospitals in Nepal

ObjectiveCancer is a major cause of death globally, and places a substantial burden on both patients and their caregivers. Frequent stress among caregivers often affects their mental well-being. This study was aimed at assessing anxiety and depression levels among informal caregivers of patients with cancer treated at selected tertiary hospitals in Nepal. An additional aim was to identify socio-demographic factors associated with these mental health outcomes. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 383 informal caregivers were surveyed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression, were conducted to explore associations with socio-demographic variables. ResultsThe mean age of participants was 36.1 ± 13.1 years, and 56.1% were 12–36 years old. Most participants were married (81.5%), were unemployed (66.6%), and had primary to secondary education (66.6%). The prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety (52%) and depression (45%) among caregivers was notable. Caregivers of patients treated at non-governmental hospitals were six times more likely (OR 6.3, 95% CI: [3.62–10.95], P = 0.001) to have anxiety and five times more likely (OR 5.3, 95% CI: [8.28–19.32], P = 0.001) to have depression. ConclusionPeople who take care of patients with cancer in Nepal often feel substantial stress. Determining the causes of these feelings can aid in the creation of programs to support caregivers’ mental health. Caring for mental well-being among caregivers is critical to achieving better cancer care and quality of life.

Incidence of Needle Stick Injuries and Behavior After Injuries Among Nurses in Sulaimani Hospitals

Background: Needle-stick injuries cause occupational health and safety challenges for healthcare workers on a global scale. Needle-stick injuries can potentially expose individuals to dangerous blood-borne pathogens. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries and their main causes, as well as the nurse’s behavior after being injured by needle stick injuries. Methods: A self-reported cross-sectional study was conducted in Sulaimani city governmental and non-governmental tertiary hospitals in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The data was collected by constructing a questionnaire form from 300 nurses who provide medical care by non-probability convenience sampling from October 1, 2022, to March 1, 2023. Results: 74.3% of the 223 nurses who participated in the study experienced needle stick injuries. The needle syringe (88.7%) was the most common tool involved. The sterilization of wound area 48.9% was the number-ranked action of the nurses after injury, followed by pushing the injured area 28.4% to drain blood. Most of the nurses did not receive post-injury prophylaxes (57.4%) or send their blood to additional tests (73.1%). Conclusions: Syringe needles were a major cause of the needle sticks, which injured three out of four participants. Additionally, the nurses' top priority after receiving a needle stick was to sterilize the exposed portion of the wounds.

Length-of-stay and factors associated with early discharge after birth in health facilities in Guinea by mode of birth: Secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2018.

The immediate postpartum period (first 24 hours after birth) represents a critical time for women and newborns. Postnatal length-of-stay varies globally; in Guinea, a 24-hour facility stay following childbirth is recommended, with an emphasis on providing frequent monitoring of mother and newborn for the first 6 hours. This study describes postpartum length-of-stay following facility-based births in Guinea, and investigates factors associated with early discharge. This cross-sectional study analysed secondary Demographic and Health Survey data covering the most recent livebirths during 2013-2018. We included 2,763 women who gave birth vaginally or by caesarean section in healthcare facilities. Early discharge following vaginal birth was defined according to two cut-offs (<24 hours and <6 hours); early discharge following caesarean section was defined as <72 hours. We assessed socio-demographic, obstetric and health-system factors associated with early discharge using binary and multi-variable logistic regression. Among women with a vaginal birth, 81.5% were discharged <6 hours, with a median length-of-stay of 3 hours. 28% of women who had caesarean section were discharged <72 hours. Odds of discharge <6 hours among women who gave birth vaginally were lower for births in non-government hospital(aOR = 0.55[95%CI = 0.35;0.85]), and multiple births(aOR = 0.54[95%CI = 0.31;0.94]); while the odds were higher in five of the 8 regions compared to Boké. Among women who gave birth by caesarean section, odds of discharge <72 hours were lower for births in government hospitals(aOR = 0.09[95%CI = 0.03;0.3]), and girl newborns(aOR = 0.15[95%CI = 0.05;0.48]).This study showed that postpartum length-of-stays in Guinea is on average shorter than the local recommendations, with the majority of postpartum women with vaginal births spending less than 6-hours in health facilities after birth. Early discharge was associated with type of facility of birth and region. This warrants an in-depth exploration of reasons related to women's and families' preferences, health workers' practices, resource availability, and whether/how early discharge affects postpartum quality-of-care and health outcomes.

Designing A Brand Promotion Model of Iraqi Non-Governmental Hospitals

Designing A Brand Promotion Model of Iraqi Non-Governmental Hospitals

Evaluation of the Infection Control Training in The Sulaimani City Governmental and Nongovernmental Hospitals

The healthcare staff, to apply prevention and control Health associated infection guidelines need basic knowledge on standard precaution and the medical staff to gain this knowledge they need education through effective training. For that reason, training is a fundamental part of every infection control programs. Aim of the study is to evaluate the Sulaimni governmental and non-governmental hospitals training process on the infection control. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried at inside Sulaimani city (11 governmental and 7 non-governmental) hospitals in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the data collected by constructed questionnaire form from both hospital administrations and also from 200 healthcare workers who working in those hospitals from 2nd October 2022 to 25th February 2023. The result show that most of the Sulaimni hospitals their infection control responsible of staff training 11 (61.1%), provide continuous training on the infection control 16 (88.9%) and 9 (56.25%) provide training when the workers need it. For healthcare staff, majority of the healthcare staff 111 (55.5%) did not attended any training on the infection control and 142 (71%) did not attended any training in the current hospitals they working in it now. In conclusion, the study reveals that most of the Sulaimni hospitals claim that they having a continuous training based on the evaluated data on the healthcare staff knowledge. Contrast majority of the healthcare staff reported that they did not attend any infection control training in the previous or the current hospital.

Democratizing insights into hospital cost reports

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) provides annual reports of costs, charges, utilization, payment, penalty, payroll, and general institutional characteristics for thousands of Medicare-certified hospitals. However, beyond the small fraction of features offered in dated finalized public use files, the size and complexity of cost report data can make it difficult to use. To gain a greater breadth of up-to-date insights, hospitals and researchers must either pay for third party services or acquire the appropriate expertise. To democratize insights into cost report data, we first developed an open-source public repository of 6908 hospital-specific dataset, each containing 2843 labeled features and spanning years between 2010 and 2023. We then developed an open-source application for analyzing and downloading these data. Users can download and run the application locally or access it online (https://hcris-app.herokuapp.com/), and compare cost report features among hospitals and across time, explore relationships between features, and design new cost report variables. As examples of insights gained from our application, we present results from comparing Rush University Medical Center to 66 non-governmental acute care Illinois hospitals. We look forward to developing our open-source resources according to feedback from the healthcare community.

The Feasibility and Effects of Smartphone-Based Application on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) referral and participation are generally found to be underused worldwide. The data in Asian regions suggest significant underutilization compared with western countries. To promote the continuity and effects of CR, this study aimed at supporting self-care and improving CR effects in phase II CR with mobile health application for Macao patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted between January 2018 and June 2020 in a nongovernmental Hospital. Social cognitive theory was applied in the intervention for an experimental group. Measurements including anxiety and depression level, medication adherence, exercise capacity, physical activity level, cardiovascular risk modification, self-efficacy, quality of life, use of healthcare resources, mHealth CR utility, and satisfaction were analyzed. One hundred forty eligible patients were recruited, and 110 patients completed the study. Significant interventional effects of the experimental group were found on the reduction of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, sitting time, anxiety level, and total anxiety and depression level ( P < .05). In addition, significant improvement on the 6-minute walk test, regular exercise performance, self-efficacy of cardiac exercise and diet, and quality of life were found as interventional effects in the experimental group ( P < .05). The feasibility of intervention was achieved in a satisfactory level. This theoretically grounded mobile health CR study was a unique program tailor-made to meet the care needs of patients post percutaneous coronary intervention. It was feasible and effective to support CR effects and adherence and would inform further design of clinical practice and public policies.

Healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice on quality of nutrition care in hospitals from a developing country: a multicenter experience

BackgroundDespite the fact that malnutrition can affect both recovery and outcome in acute care patients, little is known about malnutrition in Palestine, and even less is known about the assessment of malnutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices (M-KAP) toward healthcare providers and nutrition care quality measures in hospitalized patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the M-KAP of physicians and nurses in routine clinical care and determine the influencing factors.MethodsFrom April 1 to June 31, 2019, cross-sectional research was performed at governmental (n = 5) and non-governmental (n = 4) hospitals in the North West Bank of Palestine. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire from physicians and nurses to collect information on knowledge, attitude, and practices related to malnutrition and nutrition care, alongside sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsA total of 405 physicians and nurses were participated in the study. Only 56% of participants strongly agreed that nutrition was important, only 27% strongly agreed that there should be nutrition screening, only 25% felt food helped with recovery, and around 12% felt nutrition as part of their job. Approximately 70% of participants said they should refer to a dietitian, but only 23% knew how and only 13% knew when. The median knowledge/attitude score was 71, with an IQR ranging from 65.00 to 75.00, and the median practice score was 15.00 with an IQR of 13.00–18.00. The mean knowledge attitude practice score was 85.62 out of 128 with SD (9.50). Respondents who worked in non-governmental hospitals showed higher practice scores (p < 0.05), while staff nurses and ICU workers showed the highest practice score (p < 0.001). Respondents with younger age categories, working in non-governmental hospitals in the ICU as practical and staff nurses, showed the highest KAP score (p < 0.05). Significance positive correlations were found between respondents’ knowledge/attitude and practice scores regarding the quality of nutrition care in hospitals (r = 0.384, p value < 0.05). In addition, the result also revealed that almost half of respondents believed that the most important barriers to inadequate intake of food at the bedside are related to food appearance, taste, and aroma of meals served (58.0%).ConclusionsThe research revealed that inadequate knowledge was perceived as a barrier to effective nutrition care to the patient. Many beliefs and attitudes do not always translate into practice. Although the M-KAP of physicians and nurses is lower than in some other countries/studies, it highlights a strong need for more nutrition professionals in the hospital and increasing nutrition education to improve nutrition care in hospitals in Palestine. Furthermore, establishing a nutrition task force in hospitals elaborated by dietitians as the unique nutrition care provider will assure to implementation of a standardized nutrition care process.

Occupational Health Hazards among Workers in Hospital Laundry Department at Benha City

Background: Workers in hospital laundry have exhausting duties and are exposed to various environmental and work related problems. The aim of the study: was to assess the occupational health hazards among workers in Hospital Laundry Department at Benha City. Research design: A descriptive research design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted at the laundry departments of Governmental and Non-Governmental Hospitals at Benha City. Sampling: A Convenience sample of all Hospital Laundry Workers 110 divided into 55 in Governmental Hospitals and 55 in Non-Governmental Hospitals was involved in this study. Tools: Two tools were used. Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire it consist of four items: A: socio-demographic characteristics of the studied laundry workers. B: Job characteristics of the studied laundry workers. C: It was concerned with health problems among studied laundry workers. D: It was concerned with studied laundry workers knowledge about occupational health hazards and safety measures. Tool II: Observational checklist which consisted of two parts A: assess laundry workers practices regarding safety measures. B: Assess the workplace environment safety and sanitation condition. Results: 34.5%of the studied laundry workers in Non-Governmental Hospitals had poor knowledge about occupational health hazards. 69.1 % of the studied laundry workers in Non-Governmental Hospitals had satisfactory regarding their total practices. Conclusion: the current study revealed that the majority of the studied laundry workers had health problems. Recommendation: perform health education program for laundry workers about occupational health hazards and preventive measures.

Impact of nurses’ burnout on safety culture

Literature indicates that burnout emphasizes its implication in the development of safety issues governing healthcare providers with physical and mental exhaustion associated with it. This study advocated determining burnout and its possible effect on key performance indicators on patient safety outcomes and in the eventual recommendation of preventive actions in policies governing nursing practice. Specifically, it ventured to determine the relationship between nurses’ burnout and their compliance with safety outcomes. A quantitative correlational study was designed to determine 274 purposive samples of registered nurses from participating government and non-government hospitals in Tarlac and Pampanga, Philippines towards their burnout and its relationship on key performance indicators on patient safety outcomes. Data were collected through two standardized self-administered questionnaires, Oldenburg Inventory Scale and the Key Performance Indicators on Patient Safety Outcomes Questionnaire, between February and May 2020. The study revealed that nurses, with a mean age of 27.86 (SD+4.81) years, experienced burnout due to work disengagement (18.10+2.812) and exhaustion (19.81+2.910). Safety guidelines on patient outcomes related to blood management (3.74+0.538) and fall prevention (3.15+0.468) received the highest mean scores with pressure ulcer management (2.82+0.597), the lowest. The study found several significant correlations between nurses’ disengagement, exhaustion, and total burnout with their overall safety culture (r=0.321, p=0.000; r=-0.225, p=0.003). All identified relationships showed a negative correlation suggesting that higher burnout scores are significantly related to lower safety culture scores. Nurses' ability to provide standard-based measures in upholding safety as a priority can be compromised at a considerable level. Recognizing the role of nurses' well-being in healthcare, policymakers should not only emphasize the need for evidence-based, quality, and safe interventions but also investigate the nurses' work conditions and contributory factors for burnout.

Investigating the status of hospitals in Kashan, Aran and Bidgol cities in achieving health promotion standards in 2020

Background: From the perspective of health promotion, the most critical mission of hospitals is to change the treatment-oriented mindset to a health-oriented one. Health promoting hospitals seek to institutionalize the concept of prevention and health promotion. Therefore, the current research aims to study Kashan, Aran and Bidgol hospitals in achieving health promotion standards in 2020.&#x0D; Methods: The current study is a descriptive correlational study that was conducted cross-sectionally in 2020. The statistical sample studied was 65 managers and officials of 4 hospitals in Kashan, Aran and Bidgol cities (1 government hospital, 3 non-government hospitals). Data were collected using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s health promotion standards questionnaire. The authors used Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests to compare the mean performance scores among the hospitals. Bonferroni test was used for parallel comparison of the hospitals. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software with a significance level of 5%.&#x0D; Results: Findings indicated that regarding the standards of management policy, patient assessment, patient information and intervention, promotion of a healthy workplace, continuity of treatment and cooperation, performance score of non-government hospitals (private and Social Security Organization) were significantly higher than the studied government hospital in this study (p &lt; 0.001). The total score of health promotion standards in the non-government hospitals was significantly higher than the government hospital (p &lt; 0.001). This difference was significant.&#x0D; Conclusion One of the variables influencing the quality of health promotion standards in hospitals is the type of hospital in terms of ownership (government, non-government). It seems that organizations using government funds, typically, have worked less than other organizations with regard to improving and upgrading their quality. Therefore, managers of government hospitals need to plan for developing standards of management policy, patient assessment, patient information and intervention, upgrading a healthy and standard work environment continuity of treatment and cooperation. Then, authorities need to monitor and evaluate these processes.

Comparison of Post-traumatic Stress, Burnout, and Psychological Disorders in Nurses With and Without COVID-19

Background &amp; Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many psychological and social problems in people around the world, especially nurses. The present study aims to investigate and compare post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), burnout, and psychological disorders in nurses with and without COVID-19. Materials &amp; Methods This is a causal-comparative study. The study population includes all male and female nurses of non-government hospitals in Tehran from July to September 2021. Of these, 220 nurses (110 without COVID-19 infection and 110 with COVID-19) voluntarily participated in the study. The questionnaires were the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Finally, data analysis was performed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 16. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of PTSD, burnout, and psychological disorders (P&lt;0.05). Nurses with COVID-19 had higher scores in PTSD (F=96.38, P&lt;0.001), emotional exhaustion (P&lt;0.001, F=12.45), depersonalization (F=15.49, P&lt;0.001), depression (F=92.97, P&lt;0.001), anxiety (F=37.94, P&lt;0.001) and stress (F=47.6, P&lt;0.001). The nurses with no COVID-19 had higher score in personal accomplishment. Conclusion Nurses who were infected with COVID-19 had lower psychological health compared to non-infected nurses. For this purpose, it is necessary to take measures to identify and provide psychological treatments to improve the mental health of vulnerable nurses.

Challenges in Recruitment Process: A Study of Non-Government Hospitals in Bangladesh

Challenges in Recruitment Process: A Study of Non-Government Hospitals in Bangladesh

Nurses' knowledge in nursing care and treatment of burns

Burn is one of the most painful and costly injuries to get. Burn patients need the nurse's help more than anyone else to improve. This study aims to determine how much hospital nurses know about burns, burn treatments, nursing care for burns, and their effects. The study had a quantitative descriptive design, conducted at government and non-government hospitals in the south of the West Bank, with 223 nurses. The results revealed that most nurses have inadequate knowledge of burn care, moderate knowledge of burn nurse treatment knowledge for complications, adequate knowledge of renal failure, sepsis, and shock, and adequate knowledge of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary edema. The nurses' expertise in burn treatment and nursing was average, and their understanding of burn therapy and related hospital-based problems was also intermediate. Keywords: Burn; burn treatment; care; nurse knowledge.

A RETROSPECTIVE PHARMACOVIGILANCE ANALYSIS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Objective: Pharmacovigilance Program of India is a robust program extending from government hospitals to non-government hospital for implementation of policy of safe and rational use of drugs and early signal generation for adverse effects of drugs. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University is part of this program since 2004. Retrospective analysis of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reported to the adverse drug monitoring center at tertiary Care Hospital. Methods: The study site was Sir Sundar Lal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The study was performed after the approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee, letter number: Dean/2020/EC/2153. It was a retrospective observational study. Data collected through VigiFlow software in standard IPC Pharmacovigilance Program of India prescribed suspected ADR form, from March 2020 to June 2021 were analyzed. Causality assessment was done using a World Health Organization Uppsala Monitoring Center scale. Results: In the present study, the percentage of male patients affected is 58% and 42% female patient got suffered from adverse drug effects. About 64% of adverse effect are in possible category followed by probable, that is, 36%. The majority of adverse effects are due to antimicrobials, that is, Cephalosporins and Antitubercular group of drugs. About 20.1% adverse events show gastrointestinal symptoms. In the present study, we also observed that 5.17% adverse effects are due to hydroxychloroquine account for gastritis, headache, lethargy, and vomiting which were prescribed as prophylactic drug for COVID-19. Conclusion: Medicine information OPD in every medical college is the need of the hour to increase awareness regarding adverse events. It is important to spread importance of reporting adverse events by spontaneous reporting under Pharmacovigilance Program of India to detect rare and unusual side effects.

Stoma Reversal : A Restropective Study of 36 Cases at A Non-Government Hospital

Background : Formation of intestinal stoma is a common surgical practice. In this study, we aim to study the indications for stoma creation, complications of stomas, timing and methods of stoma reversal, reasons for any delays and post-reversal complications. Material and methods: This is a restropective study Charts of patients who underwent stoma creation and reversal over a 3 year period from January 2018 to December 2020 at Banghbandhu Memorial Hospital are included in this study. Results: A total of 49stomas were created out of which 36 were reversed. Overall pre-takedown complications were 26 % and post-takedown complications were 30% most of which were minor complications, not requiring major interventions. There was no significant difference in outcome due to early vs. late reversal, types of anesthesia or reversal technique. Conclusion: Reversal of temporary stomas can be done safely at an early date, with no demand of special anesthesia, requiring minimal access to the abdomen and with safe early discharge without expecting serious complications or readmissions. IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(1), June 2022; 78-81

Community-based decentralized mental health services are essential to prevent the epidemic turn of post-Covid mental disorders in Bangladesh: A call to action.

Community-based decentralized mental health services are essential to prevent the epidemic turn of post-Covid mental disorders in Bangladesh: A call to action.