Non-floating Structure Research Articles

Case report: the rare clinical picture of vasculitis of the pericardium in rheumatoid arthritis

Summary Background The cause of pericarditis is manifold. It can occur as a result of various diseases but may also be triggered by drugs. However, the data on drug-induced pericarditis are still scarce. Case report A 64-year-old female hypertensive patient with rheumatoid arthritis for 20 years presented with thoracic pain and recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions. For treatment of the recurrent effusions, the patient received glucocorticoids and colchicine in addition to the basic rheumatoid arthritis therapy, and treatment has only recently been expanded to include etanercept. On admission, she complained of malaise, dysphagia, and blood pressure was 85/55 mm Hg. She was normofrequent with elevated inflammatory parameters. On trans-thoracal echocardiography (TTE) and computer-tomography (CT), there was a 3-cm non-floating structure in the entire circumference of the pericardium. The indication for pericardiectomy was given because of hemodynamic impairment. After incision of the pericardium, 250 ml of a brown-reddish fluid drained, with brown crumbly necrotic masses visible underneath. Histopathologic findings revealed vasculitis-related chronic fibrinous pericarditis with vasculitic changes. A subclinical infection with Staphylococcus aureus was detectable by PCR analysis. Conclusion Based on the fact that tumor necrosis factor blockers can induce vasculitis, etanercept might have been responsible for the exacerbation of pericarditis. The underlying rheumatoid arthritis could also be considered as a trigger. The detection of Staphylococcus aureus DNA in the pericardium and the exacerbation of pericarditis could be attributed to secondary vasculitis after an infection with S. aureus, whereas the tendency to infection due to humoral immunodeficiency after years of immunosuppressive therapy has to be discussed as a trigger.

Comparative Study of Seismic Behaviour on Floating and Non-Floating Column Structure (G+7)

Comparative Study of Seismic Behaviour on Floating and Non-Floating Column Structure (G+7)

A Novel Wireless Thermal Convection Type Inclinometer by Using Non-Floating Structure

This research proposes a novel wireless RFID-based thermal convection type inclinometer by using non-floating structure without a cavity in the substrate. Four new ideas are presented. The first one is to make the device on a flexible substrate, thus it can save more energy than the traditional silicon. The second one is to integrate both an inclinometer and a wireless RFID antenna on the same substrate, such that it is a wireless device and very convenient for usage. The third idea is to fill xenon gas in the chamber with hemi-spherical or hemi-cylindrical shape instead of the previous one with carbon dioxide and rectangular shape. Because the xenon gas would not produce oxidization effect to the heater, so it would be more reliable. The fourth idea is to use non-floating structure instead of the floating one. The results by using floating structure with xenon and CO2gases are studied the first; but the sensitivity performances are not good. Note that the sensitivities for the proposed non-floating structure by using hemi-spherical chamber filled with xenon and CO2gases are better, and the one of the former is better than the latter by 70%. On the other hand, the response speed (step-input of tilted angle) by using hemi-cylindrical chamber with xenon gas is the quickest, the average response time is 545μs, while the hemi-spherical chamber filled with CO2is the slowest, and the average response time is 748μs.

A Novel RFID-Based Thermal Convection Inclinometer on Flexible Substrate without Grooved Structure

This research proposes a novel wireless RFID-based thermal convection type inclinometer by using non-floating structure without a cavity in the substrate. Four new ideas are presented. The first one is to make the device on a flexible substrate, thus it can save more energy than the traditional silicon. The second one is to integrate both an inclinometer and a wireless RFID antenna on the same substrate, such that it is a wireless device and very convenient for usage. The third idea is to fill xenon gas in the chamber with hemi-spherical or hemi-cylindrical shape instead of the previous one with carbon dioxide and rectangular shape. Because the xenon gas would not produce oxidization effect to the heater, so it would be more reliable. The fourth idea is to use non-floating structure instead of the floating one. The results by using floating structure with xenon and CO2gases are studied the first; but the sensitivity performances are not good. Note that the sensitivities for the proposed non-floating structure by using hemi-spherical chamber filled with xenon and CO2gases are better, and the one of the former is better than the latter by 70 %. On the other hand, the response speed (step-input of tilted angle) by using hemi-cylindrical chamber with xenon gas is the quickest, the average response time is 545μs, while the rectangular chamber filled with CO2is the slowest, and the average response time is 848μs.

Micro Pixel Chamber with resistive electrodes for spark reduction

The Micro Pixel Chamber (μ-PIC), a detector using resistive electrodes,has been developed and tested. The surface cathodes are made fromresistive material, which helps to reduce the electrical field in alarge flow of current. Two-dimensional readouts are provided byanodes and pickup electrodes, on which the signals are induced. Highgas gain ( > 6 × 104 ) was measured using a 55Fe (5.9 keV)source, and extensive spark reduction was attained with fast neutrons.The spark rate of the resistive μ-PIC was 10−4 times lowerthan that of the conventional μ-PIC at a gain of 104. Withthese developments, a new MPGD with a non-floating structure isachieved, offering the required levels of both gain and stability todetect MIP particles. In addition, by using resistive cathodes,μ-PIC can be operated with no HV applied on the anodes. NeitherAC coupling capacitors nor HV pull-up resistors are needed for anyanode. Consequently, the signal readout can be dramaticallysimplified by this configuration.

A Novel RFID-Based Thermal Convection Type Inclinometer with Non-Floating Structure and Hemi-Cylindrical Chamber

This research proposes a novel wireless RFID-based thermal convection inclinometer. Five new ideas are presented. The first one is to make it on a flexible substrate to save more energy than the traditional silicon. The second one is to integrate both an inclinometer and a wireless RFID antenna on the same substrate, such that it becomes a wireless sensor and very convenient for usage. The third idea is to apply the hemi-cylindrical chamber instead of the previous rectangular one, so the gas distribution is more streamlined to increase the sensitivity. The fourth idea is to use a non-floating structure instead of the floating one, thus it is more simple and low cost without making a cavity in the substrate. The fifth idea is to apply stacking material for the temperature sensors, so that the sensitivities are not only larger, but the curves are more linear. Three kinds of stacking height were studied, such as 1, 1.5 and 2mm. Moreover, three types of material with different thermal conductivity are also tested, such as alumina nitride (AlN), copper and silicon. If the chamber is filled with the traditional carbon dioxide, one can see the combination of AlN/2mm is better, and the maximal linear operating range and sensitivity are 75° and 0.107°C/Degree, respectively.

Integrating Thermal Convection Non-Floating Type Inclinometer and RFID Tag

This research proposes a novel wireless RFID-based thermal convection type inclinometer design. Five new ideas are presented. The first one is to make the device on a flexible substrate, thus it can save more energy than the traditional silicon. The second one is to integrate both an inclinometer and a wireless RFID antenna on the same substrate, such that it is very convenient for usage. The third and the fourth ideas are to fill xenon gas in the chamber with hemi-cylindrical shape instead of the previous one with carbon dioxide and rectangular shape. Because the xenon gas would not produce oxidization effect to the heater, and it is more reliable. Besides, the xenon gas can increase the gas molecular weight and the device sensitivity. The fifth idea is to use non-floating structure instead of the floating one with a cavity in the substrate. Moreover, to increase the sensitivity the thermisters were stacked on one material such as alumina nitride. Note that the sensitivity curves by applying the non-floating structure with stacking material are more linear. Three kinds of stacking height were studied, such as 1, 1.5 and 2mm. One can see the combinations of AlN/Xenon are always better. If the largest sensitivity is the key consideration, then H2=1.5mm is the best choice (0.4°C/Degree), but the linear operating range is 45°. However, If the largest linear operating range is the requirement, then H2=2mm is the best one (75°), but the sensitivity is 0.173°C/Degree.

A Novel Wireless Thermal Convection Type Angular Accelerometer with Xenon Gas Filled in Hemispherical Chamber of Floating and Non-Floating Structures

Five novel ideas are proposed in this paper to integrate an active RFID tag with thermal convection angular accelerometer on a flexible substrate, thus the device is a wireless sensor. The first idea is that this device is without any movable parts, so it is very reliable. The second one is that it is made on a flexible substrate, such as plastic or polyimide, the thermal conductivity of the flexible substrate of which is much lower than silicon, and thus it can save more power and very useful for mobile operation. The third idea is to apply xenon gas is in the chambers with floating and non-floating structures instead of CO 2 used in the traditional thermal convection accelerometer for heat conduction . Carbon dioxide may oxid ize the heater and thermal sensors, while the inert gas xenon does not. The fourth idea is to apply a hemispherical chamber; it is more streamline d with less drag effect. Thus it can ease the fluid flow and yield quicker response. The fifth idea is to integrate the angular accelerometer with an active RFID tag on the same substrate, thus the device becomes a more useful wireless sensor. From the results if one considers sensitivity as the first priority, then the non-floating structure is the choice ( 258°C/(rad/s 2 ) in average ). However , if the response speed is the top requirement, then the floating structure is better (60 μ s).

A Novel Wireless Energy Saving and Reliable Angular Accelerometer on Engineering Polyimide with Xenon Gas Filled in Chamber

Four novel ideas are proposed in this paper to integrate an active RFID tag with thermal convection angular accelerometer on an engineering plastic substrate, thus the device is a wireless sensor. The first innovative idea is that this device is without any movable parts, so it is very reliable. The second new idea is that it is made on an engineering plastic substrate, such as polyimide, the thermal conductivity is much lower than silicon, so it can save more power and very useful for mobile operation. The third new idea is that the xenon gas is applied in the chamber for heat convection instead of CO2 used in the traditional thermal convection accelerometer. Carbon dioxide can produce oxidation effect to the heater and thermal sensors, while the inert gas xenon will not. The fourth new idea is the most powerful one to integrate with an active RFID tag on the same substrate, thus it is very useful for mobile operation, and is very easy for usage and fabrication. If one considers sensitivity as the first priority, then choose the floating structure (233°C/(rad/s2)). On the other hand, if the response speed is the requirement, then the non-floating structure is better (70μs).