Non-erupted Teeth Research Articles

Investigating the success rate of maxillary impacted canine tooth eruption using orthodontics according to age, gender and type of impaction in Shahrekord dental clinics in 2023

Background: Canine teeth have a significant impact on the order and proper function of other teeth. Canine impaction can have negative esthetic and functional effects. This study investigated the success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of maxillary canine teeth according to age, sex, and type of impaction in Shahrekord city, Iran. Methods: In this retrospective study, panoramic radiographs of 112 patients who had initiated their orthodontic treatment at least 2 years earlier and had completed it by 2023 were evaluated. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were also used when necessary to assess the details. The type, depth, and angle of erupted and impacted canine teeth were determined. The data were analyzed by the Fisher's exact test and t-test. Results: Impacted canines successfully erupted in 72 patients (64.3%). Palatal impaction was more common (71.4%) than buccal impaction (28.6%). Regarding the impaction depth, type C had the highest frequency (63.4%), followed by type B (30.4%), and type A (6.3%). There was no significant correlation between the gender of patients and success rate of assisted eruption (P>0.05), but age and type of impaction were correlated with the success rate (P<0.05). The erupted canine teeth had a significantly higher mean angle relative to the occlusal plane compared with non-erupted teeth (P<0.05). Conclusion: The success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of impacted maxillary canine teeth was high, and patients in the age range of 15 to 18 years with grade II impaction showed the highest success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of impacted canine teeth.

Treatment of pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption: A scoping review.

Pre-eruptive intra-coronal resorption (PEIR) is a rare condition that can affect children's dentition. Showing the same aspect of dental caries, these lesions are diagnosed in non-erupted teeth. The aetiology is not yet defined and no consensus on their treatment is available. Thus, the aim of the present scoping review of the literature was to try to establish a protocol for treatment and management of PEIR defects. The search was performed on Medline via PubMed, Science Direct and EBSCOhost' databases using the appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms. Studies that described the PEIR were considered eligible and the data from the selected papers were extracted and analysed independently by two authors. Out of 172 articles identified in initial research, 15 articles were selected for reviewing. Interventions varied from preventive treatment to extraction, depending on the lesion severity and its proximity to the pulp. Non-operative procedures, conservative approaches and extractions were recommended for the management of PEIR, depending on the extent of the lesions. Overall, further researches should be conducted to explore the effectiveness of the approaches of PEIR management.

CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSOSTOSIS: OROFACIAL CHANGES IN A 26-YEAR-OLD WOMAN

Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD) is an inherited autosomal dominant syndrome due to the heterozygous mutation of the RUNX2 gene, which is often the same in men and women. The diagnosis is based on clinical and radiographic features, which include images of the skull, thorax, pelvis, and hands. The present study aims to present a case report of CCD in a 29-year-old feoderm woman. During intraoral examination permanent nonerupted teeth, deep palate, prominent mandible, maxillary hypoplasia, and vertical occlusion dimension were observed. Panoramic radiographs and computed tomography scan of the conical bundle showed several nonerupted teeth and multiple supernumerary teeth. Wormian bones and persistent open sutures were observed on the lateral radiograph of the head. The shoulder radiograph shows the absence of right and left clavicles. In view of the complexity of the treatment an interdisciplinary discussion is necessary, taking into account age and economic condition.

INTRODUCTION TO ORTHODONTIC EDUCATION IN BULGARIA OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND 3D ARCHIVING

Orthodontic treatment, especially during the period of active growth, can significantly affect the development of the jaws and teeth. Treatment with extraction of molars is more complicated because the space that needs to be closed is larger than the premolar spaces and the time of treatment will be longer. However, in cases where we have a lack of space, teeth protrusion or dental asymmetry, and the extraction of permanent teeth is indicated, the damaged molars should be the first option for extraction when premolars are in better condition. The third molars in different ways are affected by orthodontic therapy. One of them is orthodontic treatment by applying the extraction of the third molars, this situation being widely explored. Extraction of third molar for orthodontic reasons is justified when it prevents the eruption of the second molar or otherwise affects the other teeth. The indications of extraction and selection of teeth to be removed depend on the specific aspects of malocclusion. Premolars are teeth that are usually extracted from orthodontic reasons, but this is not the rule and depends on individual treatment needs. The decision to correct the malocclusion with teeth extraction should be based on the ratio of the size of the dental arch with the size of the teeth, facial appearance and other factors arising from the diagnosis itself. Indications for extraction of the third molars during orthodontic treatment are: mandibular incisor crowding, if they in some way constitute a obstruction of orthodontic treatment as well as preparation for orthognathic surgery. The success of an orthodontic treatment involving the extraction of molars is directly related to the patient complaints and psychological profile, the absence of diseases and skeletal discrepancies, the professional experience as well as the fact whether the patient underwent previous orthodontic treatment with extraction. Patients with partially or completely non-erupted teeth are significantly more likely to have certain consequences: before, during or after the orthodontic treatment. Therefore, orthodontists need to raise patient awareness of these consequences in the context of orthodontic treatment.

C-arm-assisted internal fixation of pediatric mandibular fracture

IntroductionDentition is one of the main concerns while managing pediatric mandibular fractures. The aim of this study was to assess the results of the usage of intraoperative images with C-arm to identify and protect the roots of nonerupted teeth during open reduction and internal fixation (OR/IF) of pediatric mandibular fractures.Patients and MethodsThis prospective study was conducted on children who had mandibular fractures with unerupted mandibular teeth appearing on panoramic examination. All patients were managed by OR/IF by titanium miniplates using manual maxillomandibular fixation treated under general anesthesia. Titanium miniplate was positioned according to preoperative radiology. Then C-arm images were taken to confirm the screws position away from the nonerupted teeth. Lastly, the screws were inserted at C-arm-confirmed safe position. Then the results were assessed such as reliability, difficulties of the procedures, operative time, dental occlusion, average intrinsic vertical mouth opening, and complication.ResultsA total of 20 children with parasymphyseal fractures, with mean age of 6.5 (range: 4–9) years, were included. No difficulties were detected during application of the C-arm during surgery regarding position or projection, and the registered views were clearly seen and easily interpreted. Thus, added duration for C-arm use did not significantly elongate the operative time. Postoperative radiology confirmed proper position of all fixed screws away for the teeth root or unerupted teeth.ConclusionOperative C-arm-guided plate screws positioning and fixation can effectively obviate the risk of injury to tooth root or bud during OR/IF of mandibular.

Supernumerary Teeth: a literature review

Summary: This is a literature review aboutsupernumerary teeth, its etiology, diagnosis, clinical complication and treatment. An earlydiagnosis is the key to an adequate treatment, and to reduce complications such tooth eruptionanomalies, dental malpositions, impacted teeth and cysts formation. It is important to perform earlya complete oral evaluation of the pediatric patient’s including the non-erupted teeth . Proper useof Periapical or Panorex Rx exams may help clinicians to determine early teeth numbers and/or teethposition anomalies. Key words: Supernumerary teeth. Impacted teeth. Eruption teethalterations.

Evaluation of Mixed-Dentition Employing Three Different Methods: Plaster, Digital, CBCT and Directly Measurements of Non-Erupted Permanent Teeth in CBCT

This study was to evaluate the Moyers method for mixed-dentition, in dental plaster models (DP), dental digital (DD), in dental tomography models (DT) generated using Cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) with the possibility to meas- ure directly unerupted permanent teeth with assessing the diameter of intra-osseous (DPDT), and compare the results with those. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 20 healthy children, 9, 5 years, with mixed dentitions. The measurements were performed on DP, DD, DT, DPDT, using the reference of Moyers analysis with 75% and 95% error probability. Results: We obtained significant differences between most measures, although they correlated and reliability demonstrat - ing that the measures were related and could be used clinically, (p-value < 0.005 and p-value <0.016 , in Manova e Bartlett test and 95% intervals of Bonferroni reliability for standard deviations to Moyers 75% and 95%, respectively). There is a significant association in the average for discrepancies between DP and DD (p<0.0018), DP and DT (p<0.031) , DP and SDPT (p<0.04). There was a positive Pearson correlation between DP and DD (0.694533), DP and DT (0.603836), DP and SDPT (0.602709) and DT and SDPT (0.998076). Conclusion: DP and DT can be used with the parameters of Moyers analysis with 75% and 95% probability of error. There were significant differences between DP and DD, and DT and DPDT. For the application of analysis Moyers 75%, the differences between techniques was positive, and that within the orthodontic planning could not be clinical difference.

DENTAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG POPULATION LIVING UNDER INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METAL SALTS

Epidemiological study of the dental health status among population at the age of 35-44, living in the territories polluted with heavy metals salts of low intensity, was conducted. It was established that these people have higher prevalence of parodontal pathologies, dentofacial anomalies and dental retentions. Caries intensity and number of non-erupted teeth is higher.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor associated with the left mandibular first premolar: a case report and literature review

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;38:166-70) Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rarely reported benign tumor, accounting for 0.4-3% of all odontogenic tumors. Approximately 150 cases have been reported in the literature between 1958 and 2003. The age range of CEOT varies from 8 to 92 years with mean of 36.9 years, and the occurrence of the lesion in both genders is almost equal. It has 2 clinico-topographic variants: the intraosseous (94%) and the extraosseous (6%) type. The intraosseous type has a predilection for mandible (maxilla : mandible ratio of 1 : 2). The intraosseous CEOT commonly associated with non-erupted teeth accounts for more than half (52%) of the cases and usually appears as painless swelling that causes bony expansion. The location of diffused round-shaped calcifying material is inside the connective tissue stroma and epithelial islands. The tumors tend to be located toward the tooth crown, which usually has a unilocular radiolucent region containing variant radiopaque materials radiologically. In this paper, we report a case of CEOT occurring in the left mandibular first premolar of a 23-year-old female and present a brief review of the literature.

Oral Menifestation and Treatment strategies in Cleidocranial Dysplasia.

Cleidocranial dysplasia(CCD) is a congenital disorder of skeletal and dental abnormality, which is a mesodermal dysfunction influencing many tisssues and organs. Skeletal abnormalities in CCD are delayed closure of cranial suture and fontanelle, presence of wormian bone and clavicle aplasia. CCD also has an effect on long bones, phalanges, spine, pelvis, muscles, and central nervous system. Dental manifestations include retention of deciduous teeth, multiple supernumerary teeth, delayed eruption or impaction of permanent teeth and formation of cysts around nonerupted teeth. However, due to lack of any substansive medical or physical disability, diagnosis is often late, thereby causing masticatory and psychological problems caused by delayed eruption of permanent teeth after exfoliation of deciduous teeth. For this reason, CCD requires early diagnosis, and the patient's appearance must be improved. Also, provision for a functional masticatiory mechanism by treatment of surgical removal of supernumerary teeth followed by orthodontic eruption of the natural permanent teeth at an adequate time is necessary.

Chirurgische Verlaufsbeobachtung eines adenomatoid odontogenen Tumors (AOT) im Unterkiefer: Ein Fallbericht

The AOT is a relative rare benign odontogenic tumor. It most often appears in the canine region of the maxilla and mandible in young patients. Radiolucencies in the region of non-erupted or vital teeth may produce diagnostic problems. The histological diagnosis of AOT is characterised by odontogenic epithelium, ductlike structures, amyloid-like material and calcifying areas. Case report A female patient of eleven years and ten months was referred for surgical exposure of the left mandibular canine by an orthodontist. This tooth was retained and root formation was incomplete. Radiologically, a radiolucency was seen, extending distally from the crown of the tooth towards the root. The deciduous tooth 73 was extracted and the retained left mandibular canine was surgically exposed. Healing was without result and the tooth was moved orthodontically. Two years later the tooth was seen in regular position and occlusion. Vitality tests were positive, distally to the tooth a 1.5[Symbol: see text]mm periodontal pocket was disclosed. A large radiolucency around the root of the tooth was seen. Supposing a cystic lesion a surgical intervention was performed without removal of the tooth. Histopathologically, an AOT was revealed. Conclusions In the sequence of surgical interventions it is highly likely that already at the first operation an AOT was present, however, went unnoticed clinically. The histological diagnosis of an AOT was only revealed after a second operation including tumor removal. In spite of surgical removal of the AOT the involved tooth found its position in the dental arch.

Treatment of Gingival Fibromatosis Associated With Zimmermann‐Laband Syndrome

Gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition characterized by a generalized enlargement of the buccal and lingual aspects of the attached and marginal gingiva. This case report describes the periodontal management of a 13-year-old female patient with gingival fibromatosis associated with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome. The patient presented with gingival enlargement involving the maxillary and the mandibular arches, anterior open bite, and non-erupted teeth. Periodontal treatment included gingivectomy in all four quadrants. Histopathologic evaluation of the excised tissue supported the diagnosis of gingival fibromatosis. A significant improvement in esthetic appearance and eruption of the non-erupted teeth were obtained. The patient was referred for appropriate orthodontic treatment and has been closely followed for the earliest signs of recurrence of gingival enlargement. The successful therapy for gingival fibromatosis depends on correctly identifying the etiological factors and improving the impaired function and esthetic appearance through surgical intervention and adjunctive orthodontics. Maintaining treatment results depends on preservation of periodontal health.

Analysis of colored teeth from Precolumbian Tlatelolco: postmortem transformation or intravitam processes?

The etiological basis of the abnormal coloration of archaeological teeth has been an unsolved question for a long time. Differences in the appearance of some archaeological teeth from Precolumbian adult and infant skeletons, detected by external optical inspection, led us to study this problem. A blue stain is visible in a few of the deciduous erupted teeth, and a brown color in various unerupted teeth in the collection, while brown spots appear on some permanent teeth. Several processes or factors that may occur during one's life, others around the time of death, and still others resulting from postmortem alterations have been reported as potential causes of abnormal tooth coloration.A sample of 35 colored teeth and two soil layers taken from Tlatelolco were analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) as well as selective dissolution techniques. Concentrations of total and extractable elements in enamel and soil layers (Cg1-Cg2) were obtained. This paper describes the occurrence and implications of a substantial secondary concentration of Zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), strontium (Sr), and iron (Fe) in the deciduous erupted and nonerupted teeth as compared to that in the adult teeth. Our interpretation is that, in this archaeological context, the brown spots and blue stains on the teeth are due to differences in tooth enamel porosity and to a postmortem biogeochemical process. The alterations involve cumulization and diagenesis of iron, manganese, and organic matter solutions that were eluviated from the soil and are not the result of antemortem or perimortem conditions such as trauma or disease.

Determination of some trace elements in human tooth enamel.

Determination of seven elements (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr and Zn) in whole enamel and surface layers of extracted non-carious human teeth by FAAS, ETA AAS, ICP-AES and ICP-MS (Pb) is demonstrated. Techniques are described for obtaining whole enamel and its acid dissolution. Fifty microm width enamel layers from outer enamel surface to a 200 microm depth were successively etched in 1 mL of 3 M HClO4 for 3 min dissolution periods. Enamel samples were analyzed for populations under and over 20 years of age and enamel from Bronze Age teeth. Concentrations of microelements in the whole enamel and in the first surface layer (50 microm depth) were compared. With exception of Sr and Mg, all elements show significantly higher concentrations in the first layer than in whole enamel and higher concentration in teeth of individuals over 20 years, which demonstrate the cumulative effect of these elements. The Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn concentrations in four layers of erupted and non-erupted teeth decreased while Mg and Sr concentrations increased toward enamel-dentine junction. The concentrations of most elements were almost constant as they approached the 150 microm layer. This concentration gradient may result from interaction between saliva and teeth and supports the hypothesis that the surface de- and re-mineralization process is effective at most to 150 microm from the enamel surface.

Eruption disturbances of the first and second permanent molars: Results of treatment in 43 cases

Impaction or retention of first and second permanent molars is an uncommon condition with diverse therapeutic approaches. To ascertain the success rate of different treatment possibilities, a retrospective study was made of 25 patients with a total of 43 permanent molars with eruption disturbances. In most cases, the nonerupted teeth were mandibular second molars (65%), followed by maxillary second molars (21%). Their position, degree of impaction (inclusion), clinical features, repercussion on the neighboring teeth, type of treatment, and outcome were evaluated. Infraocclusion was often associated with malposition of neighboring teeth, as well as extrusion and infraocclusion of opposing teeth. Due mostly to a delay in the diagnosis of the condition, an acceptable final position of the nonerupted molar was obtained in only 8 of 13 conservatively treated second molars. In order to prevent this situation, radiographic examination (ideally during the early mixed dentition period) and early diagnosis of eruption disturbances of permanent first and second molars are recommended, particularly when considering that these anomalies are associated with a high rate of occlusal disturbances that may require orthodontic correction. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:651-8)

Pericoronal hamartomatous lesions in the opercula of teeth delayed in eruption: an immunohistochemical study of the extracellular matrix.

Opercula of teeth delayed in eruption were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to determine the possible causes for tooth eruption failure. Specimens were obtained from 58 patients with non-erupted teeth by surgical removal of their gingival opercula. Among the 61 specimens, 31 (50.8%) were diagnosed as pericoronal myxofibrous hyperplasia (PMH), 8 (13.1%) as infantile ameloblastic fibromatosis (IAF), and 19 (31.2%) as odontomas. Histopathologically, PMH is characterized by hyperplasia of odontogenic mesenchymal tissues with a myxoid appearance in which odontogenic epithelial islands and mesenchymal multinucleated giant cells are scattered randomly. Between the mucosal epithelium and the PMH, there is a layer of fibrosis, whose matrix is strongly immunopositive for tenascin. The PMH seems to induce its overlying gingival mucosa to remodel the connective tissue, which obstructs tooth eruption. IAF is usually located adjacent to the PMH and shows an ameloblastic fibroma-like histology with atrophic ameloblastic components and poor encapsulation. The findings suggest that IAF associated with PMH is not a true neoplasm and should be distinguished from ameloblastic fibromas by the name of IAF, and that both lesions are included in the range of hamartomas formed only in the pericoronal tissue of teeth in eruption. We propose to categorize these lesions into a new disease entity of pericoronal hamartomas of odontogenic origin.

The Fate of Developing Teeth in Facial Trauma: Tooth Buds in the Line of Mandibular Fractures in Children

Mandibular fractures in children present the surgeon with a unique set of considerations. Tooth buds within the body and ramus of the mandible restrict the type of surgical intervention that may be used. In addition, the fate of nonerupted dentition in the direct line of the fracture remains unclear. Between July 1985 and June 1990, 30 patients in deciduous or mixed dentition presented with a total of 45 mandibular fractures. Of these 45 fractures, 33% (n = 15) involved 16 nonerupted teeth. Age at the time of fracture was 6.0 +/- 2.3 years (mean +/- SD). Thirty-three percent of patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of fractures; 67% of patients were treated with closed reduction and either intermaxillary fixation or a lingual splint. Normal eruption was exhibited by 82% (n = 9) of the tooth buds in the line of mandibular fracture. The results of this study indicate the following: (1) Mandibular fractures in children involve unerupted teeth directly in one-third of cases. (2) The majority of tooth buds (82%) in the line of mandibular fractures eventually erupt normally. And (3) a significant percentage of dentition (18%) may exhibit either delayed eruption or noneruption with resorption of the tooth bud if directly involved in the line of fracture.

The effects of cervical headgear on dentofacial structures.

A study was made on the effects of cervical headgear on dentofacial structures, especially non-erupted teeth, in the early and late mixed dentition periods. Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric evaluation was done on 8 patients in the early mixed dentition period and 10 patients in the late mixed dentition period. The results showed that any reference line passing through Ptm point should not be used to evaluate the efficiency of cervical headgear, and that such headgear is more effective on non-erupted teeth in early mixed dentition.

Migration and eruption of non-erupted teeth: a suggested mechanism.

Migration and eruption of non-erupted teeth: a suggested mechanism.

The Passage of Tissue Fluid into the Clinically Healthy Gingival Pocket

Fluorescein injected intravenously is found 30 seconds later in clinically healthy gingival pockets in dogs. Its presence on other eipthelial surfaces was not observed, except in areas where the gum had been damaged, or where the gum covers non-erupted teeth. The passage of tissue fluid into gingival pockets as a possible defense mechanism is pointed out as is the possibility that the presence of tissue fluid in gingival pockets is a source of calcium in the formation of subgingival calculus.