Non-enzymatic Peroxide Sensor Research Articles

A non-enzymatic sensor for hydrogen peroxide based on polyaniline, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles modified Au electrode

We describe the construction of a polyaniline (PANI), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified Au electrode for determination of hydrogen peroxide without using peroxidase (HRP). The AuNPs/MWCNT/PANI composite film deposited on Au electrode was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies of the electrode at different stages of construction demonstrated that the modified electrode had enhanced electrochemical oxidation of H(2)O(2), which offers a number of attractive features to develop amperometric sensors based on split of H(2)O(2). The amperometric response to H(2)O(2) showed a linear relationship in the range from 3.0 μM to 600.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.3 μM (S/N = 3) and with high sensitivity of 3.3 mA μM(-1). The sensor gave accurate and satisfactory results, when employed for determination of H(2)O(2) in milk and urine.

A novel non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on single walled carbon nanotubes–manganese complex modified glassy carbon electrode

A simple procedure was developed to prepare a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and phenazine derivative of Mn-complex. With immersing the GC/CNTs modified electrode into Mn-complex solution for a short period of time 20–100 s, a stable thin layer of the complex was immobilized onto electrode surface. Modified electrode showed a well defined redox couples at wide pH range (1–12). The surface coverages and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants ( k s) of immobilized Mn-complex were approximately 1.58 × 10 −10 mole cm −2 and 48.84 s −1. The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward H 2O 2 reduction. Detection limit, sensitivity, linear concentration range and k cat for H 2O 2 were, 0.2 μM and 692 nA μM −1 cm −2, 1 μM to 1.5 mM and 7.96(±0.2) × 10 3 M −1 s −1, respectively. Compared to other modified electrodes, this electrode has many advantageous such as remarkable catalytic activity, good reproducibility, simple preparation procedure and long term stability.

Gold Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon as an Enhanced Material for Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor

AbstractA facile and controllable electrodeposition method was developed to directly attach gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC). The GNPs on OMC substrate were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), respectively. A nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated on GNPs‐OMC/GCE. The sensor demonstrated a fast amperometric response (2.5 s), a wide linear range toward H2O2 concentrations between 2.0×10−6 and 3.92×10−3 M (R=0.999), and a low detection limit of 0.49 µM (S/N=3). Moreover, it exhibited good reproducibility and long‐term stability. The excellent electrocatalytical activity might be attributed to the synergistic effect of OMC and GNPs.

Non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor using an electrode modified with iron pentacyanonitrosylferrate nanoparticles

An electrochemical sensor was developed for determination of hydrogen peroxide (HP) based on a carbon ceramic electrode modified with iron pentacyanonitrosylferrate (FePCNF). The surface of an iron-doped CCE was derivatized in a solution of PCNF by cycling the electrode potential between −0.2 and +1.3 V for about 60 times. The morphology and the composition of the resulting electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The electrode displayed excellent response to the electro-oxidation of HP which is linearly related to its concentration in the range from 0.5 μM to 1300 μM. The detection limit is 0.4 μM, and the sensitivity is 849 A M −1 cm −2. The modified electrode was used to determination of HP in hair coloring creams as real samples.

Direct electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at a glassy carbon electrode modified with polypyrrole nanowires and platinum hollow nanospheres

A nonenzymatic sensor for hydrogen peroxide has been fabricated by dispersing platinum hollow nanospheres onto polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires to form a PPy-Pt hollow sphere nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode. The materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The process and the sensor were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chrono-amperometry and revealed that the electrode has a large electroactive surface area and small resistance to electron transfer. The linear range for the determination of hydrogen peroxide is from 3.5 µM to 9.9 mM, the detection limit is 1.2 µM (S/N = 3), and the response time is 3 s. The electrode exhibited good stability and excellent repeatability.

A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on MnO 2/graphene oxide nanocomposite

A new electrocatalyst, MnO 2/graphene oxide hybrid nanostructure was successfully synthesized for the nonenzymatic detection of H 2O 2. The morphological characterization was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The MnO 2/graphene oxide based electrodes showed high electrochemical activity for the detection of H 2O 2 in alkaline medium. The nonenzymatic biosensors displayed good performance along with low working potential, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and long-term stability, which could be attributed to the high surface area of graphene oxide providing for the deposition of MnO 2 nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that this new nanocomposite with the high surface area and electrocatalytic activity offers great promise for new class of nanostructured electrode for nonenzymatic biosensor and energy conversion applications.

A sensitive amperometric sensor for hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide based on palladium nanoparticles/onion-like mesoporous carbon vesicle

Onion-like mesoporous carbon vesicle (MCV) with multilayer lamellar structure was synthesized by a simply aqueous emulsion co-assembly approach. Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were deposited on the MCV matrix (Pd/MCV) by chemical reduction of H 2PdCl 4 with NaBH 4 in aqueous media. Pd( X)/MCV ( X wt.% indicates the Pd loading amount) nanocomposites with different Pd loading amount were obtained by adjusting the ratio of precursors. The particular structure of the MCV results in efficient mass transport and the onion-like layers of MCV allows for the obtainment of highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles. The introduction of Pd nanoparticles on the MCV matrix facilitates hydrazine oxidation at more negative potential and delivers higher oxidation current in comparison with MCV. A linear range from 2.0 × 10 −8 to 7.1 × 10 −5 M and a low detection limit of 14.9 nM for hydrazine are obtained at Pd(25)/MCV nanocomposite modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. A nonenzymatic amperometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide based on the Pd(25)/MCV nanocomposite modified GC electrode is also developed. Compared with MCV modified GC electrode, the Pd(25)/MCV nanocomposite modified GC electrode displays enhanced amperometric responses towards hydrogen peroxide and gives a linear range from 1.0 × 10 −7 to 6.1 × 10 −3 M. The Pd(25)/MCV nanocomposite modified GC electrode achieves 95% of the steady-current for hydrogen peroxide within 1 s. The combination of the unique properties of Pd nanoparticles and the porous mesostructure of MCV matrix guarantees the improved analytical performance for hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide.

A novel non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on ultralong manganite MnOOH nanowires

In this paper, ultralong MnOOH nanowires were first synthesized via a facile solution method without using any organic surfactants. A novel non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) sensor was then developed on the base of MnOOH nanowire composite film modified glass carbon electrode (GCE). The resulted biosensor exhibited excellent performance for H 2O 2 determination with a wide linear range (1.5 × 10 −4–1.6 mM), a highly reproducible response (R.S.D. of 2.7%) and long-term stability. The good analytical performance, low cost and straightforward preparation method made this novel electrode material promising for the development of effective non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor.

Fabrication of a novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on Se/Pt nanocomposites

A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor was successfully fabricated based on the Se/Pt nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were constructed via a simple solvethermal method, and were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposites at glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The results indicated that the Se/Pt nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H 2O 2 and could be used to construct a hydrogen peroxide amperometric sensor with a low detection limit and wide responding range.

Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Three-dimensional Ordered Macroporous Gold Film Modified Electrode

Abstract A nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was developed using a three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) gold film modified electrode, which was prepared using an inverted colloidal-crystal template technique and electrochemical deposition method. The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Under the optimized conditions, the sensor showed a wide dynamic range for the detection of H2O2, and the catalytic current was linear with the concentration of H2O2 ranging from 1 × 10−6 M to 5.5 × 10−5 M and 8 × 10−5 M to 1.3 × 10−3 M with a detection limit of 3.3 × 10−7 M estimated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. In addition, the sensor exhibited good reproducibility and stability and might have potential applications in the fabrication of nonenzymatic sensor.

Novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on iron oxide–silver hybrid submicrospheres

Fe(3)O(4)-Ag hybrid submicrosphere was synthesized and developed as hydrogen peroxide sensor in this study. The hybrid sphere was fabricated via a two-step route, and proved by characterizations such as TEM, SEM, EDX, and XPS. Recent studies of hydrogen peroxide sensor based on silver nanoparticles inspired us to study the electrocatalytic property of the as-prepared submicrosphere. Though the Ag amount is quite little in the hybrid spheres, the electrochemical sensor constructed by the hybrid spheres exhibited fast, stable and well-defined electrocatalytic activity towards H(2)O(2) reduction, which should be the contribution of the combination of Fe(3)O(4) and Ag. The detection limit of H(2)O(2) was also found to be 1.2microM, which was lower than some enzyme-based biosensors.

A novel non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on Mn-nitrilotriacetate acid (Mn-NTA) nanowires

A novel non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor was realized from Mn-nitrilotriacetate acid (Mn-NTA) nanowires, which were successfully fabricated via a facile hydrothermal route. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed that the Mn-NTA nanowires exhibited direct electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of H(2)O(2) in phosphate buffer solution. The sensor showed linear response to H(2)O(2) at the concentrations range from 5 x 10(-6)M to 2.5 x 10(-3)M with a detection limit of 2 x 10(-7)M. The sensitivity was up to 78.9 microA mM(-1)cm(-2). These results indicated that the Mn-NTA nanowires were promising in realizing non-enzymatic H(2)O(2) detection.

Nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on a polyaniline-single walled carbon nanotubes composite in a room temperature ionic liquid

A film consisting of polyaniline and single-walled carbon nanotubes was electro-polymerized on a platinum electrode in a room temperature ionic liquid. This resulted in a selective and non-enzymatic electrode for sensing hydrogen peroxide (HP). The morphology of the sensor film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The composite film synthesized in an ionic liquid provided an electrode with enhanced selectivity and excellent stability. The electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic properties in terms of detection of HP, with a linear range from 5 µM to 1 mM, a detection limit of 1.2 µM, and a response time of around 4 s.

A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on multi-wall carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle nanohybrids modified gold electrode

A novel strategy to fabricate hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) sensor was developed based on multi-wall carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle nanohybrids (MWCNT/Ag nanohybrids) modified gold electrode. The process to synthesize MWCNT/Ag nanohybrids was facile and efficient. In the presence of carboxyl groups functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were in situ generated from AgNO 3 aqueous solution and readily attached to the MWCNTs convex surfaces at room temperature, without any additional reducing reagent or irradiation treatment. The formation of MWCNT/Ag nanohybrids product was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the electrochemical properties of MWCNT/Ag nanohybrids modified gold electrode were characterized by electrochemical measurements. The results showed that this sensor had a favorable catalytic ability for the reduction of H 2O 2. The resulted sensor could detect H 2O 2 in a linear range of 0.05–17 mM with a detection limit of 5 × 10 −7 M at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The sensitivity was calculated as 1.42 μA/mM at a potential of −0.2 V. Additionally, it exhibited good reproducibility, long-term stability and negligible interference of ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and acetaminophen (AP).

Nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on a Prussian Blue-modified carbon ionic liquid electrode

The electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated using an electrode that was obtained by electropolymerization of Prussian Blue (PB) on a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). The electrochemical reduction of H2O2 in buffer of pH 7.4 was performed using cyclic voltammetry and the amperometric I–t curve technique. A PB-modified CILE was applied to detect H2O2 at −0.10 V (versus the Ag/AgCl electrode). The linear dynamic range is from 0.05 to 6.0 mM, the detection limit is 1.0 µM (S/N = 3). The electrode displays good stability, a response time of <5 s, and better electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2. The ease and low cost of fabrication along with its high sensitivity and renewable surface make the CILE widely applicable in electroanalytical sensing.

A Novel Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on a Polypyrrole Nanowire-Copper Nanocomposite Modified Gold Electrode.

A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor has been fabricated by dispersing copper nanoparticles onto polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires by cyclic voltammetry (CV) to form PPy-copper nanocomposites on gold electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the morphologies of the PPy nanowires and the PPy-copper nanocomposite. The reactivity of the PPy-copper nanocomposite towards H2O2 was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Effects of applied potential, the concentrations of detection solution upon the response currents of the sensor were investigated for an optimum analytical performance. It was proved that the PPy-copper nanocomposite showed excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The sensor showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range between 7.0×10-6 and 4.3×10-3 mol L-1 with a high sensitivity, and a detection limit of 2.3×10-6 mol L-1. Experiment results also showed that the sensor had good stability.

A sensitive nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on DNA–Cu2+ complex electrodeposition onto glassy carbon electrode

In this paper, DNA–Cu2+ complex was electrodeposited onto the surface of glassy carbon (GC) electrode, which fabricated a DNA–Cu2+/GC electrode sensor to detect H2O2 with nonenzyme. Cyclic voltammogram of DNA–Cu2+/GC electrode showed a pair of well-defined redox peaks for Cu2+/Cu+. Moreover, the electrodeposited DNA–Cu2+ complex exhibited excellent electrocatalytic behavior and good stability for the detection of H2O2. The effects of Cu2+ concentration, electrodeposition time and determination conditions such as pH value, applied potential on the current response of the DNA–Cu2+/GC electrode toward H2O2 were optimized to obtain the maximal sensitivity. The linear range for the detection of H2O2 is 8.0 × 10−7 M to 4.5 × 10−3 M with a high sensitivity of −40.25 μA mM−1, a low detection limit of 2.5 × 10−7 M and a fast response time of within 4 s. In addition, the sensor has good reproducibility and long-term stability and is interference free.