Nonenzymatic Detection Of Hydrogen Peroxide Research Articles

Correction: A robust Mn@FeNi-S/graphene oxide nanocomposite as a high-efficiency catalyst for the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Correction for 'A robust Mn@FeNi-S/graphene oxide nanocomposite as a high-efficiency catalyst for the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide' by Shaktivel Manavalan et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 5961-5972.

A robust Mn@FeNi-S/graphene oxide nanocomposite as a high-efficiency catalyst for the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Exploring high-efficiency, stable, and cost-effective electrocatalysts for electrochemical activities is greatly desirable and challenging. Herein, a newly designed hybrid catalyst with manganese-doped FeNi-S encapsulated into graphene oxide (Mn@FeNi-S/GO) with unprecedented electrocatalytic activity was developed by simple one-step heat treatment followed by sonication. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 sorption isotherm demonstrated the successful formation of Mn@FeNi-S/GO. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) further confirmed the kinetic-favourable adsorption of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) onto the surface sites of Mn@FeNi-S/GO. Additionally, the synergetic effects between Mn@FeNi-S and GO are regarded as significant contributors to an efficient electron transfer path, and they promote the capture of H2O2 in hybrid catalysts. Under an optimal condition, a biosensor-based Mn@FeNi-S/GO electrode exhibits a high sensitivity of 8.929 μA μM-1 cm-2 and a detection limit of 8.84 nM with a wide detection range for H2O2 and excellent selectivity; also, it is capable of online monitoring H2O2 derived from apple juice and human blood serum.

Direct chemical vapor deposition of graphene on plasma-etched quartz glass combined with Pt nanoparticles as an independent transparent electrode for non-enzymatic sensing of hydrogen peroxide.

In this work, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method-grown graphene on plasma-etched quartz glass supported platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs/eQG) was constructed as an independent transparent electrode for non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. Graphene grown on quartz glass by the CVD method can effectively reduce the wrinkles and pollution caused by traditional transfer methods. The addition of the CF4 plasma-etched process accelerates the growth rate of graphene on quartz glass. The platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) prepared by in situ sputtering have favorable dispersibility and maximize exposed active catalytic sites on graphene, providing performance advantages in the application of H2O2 detection. The resulting sensor's detection limit (3.3 nM, S/N = 3), detection linear range (10 nM to 80 μM) and response time (less than 2 s) were significantly superior to other graphene supported PtNPs materials in sensing of H2O2. In addition, the material preparation method was related to the non-transfer CVD method and in situ sputtering technology, allowing for the creation of independent electrodes without additional electrode modification processes. This primitive material preparation and electrode assembly process were promoted for the application and development of practical H2O2 sensors.

Gold/SH-functionalized nanographene oxide/polyamidamine/poly(ethylene glycol) nanocomposites for enhanced non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important mediator in biological medicine, disease diagnosis and environmental analyses and therefore it is essential to develop a detection approach for H2O2 in physical environments. Herein, we designed and prepared a series of AuNP-containing nanocomposites (AuNPs@NGO-PEG, AuNPs@G1-PAMAM-NGO-PEG and AuNPs@G3-PAMAM-NGO-PEG) for enhanced non-enzymatic H2O2 detection. We firstly demonstrated functionalized nanographene oxide (NGO) based materials, which combined advantages of biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), hyperbranched polyamidamine (PAMAM) dendrimer and thiol active site, as compatible platforms. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were then aptly in situ grown on these functionalized NGO based materials via the reduction of HAuCl4 under mild conditions, i.e. AuNPs@NGO-PEG, AuNPs@G1-PAMAM-NGO-PEG and AuNPs@G3-PAMAM-NGO-PEG nanocomposites, which possess stable and uniform AuNPs standing on the functionalized NGO sheets. For H2O2 detection, these nanocomposites were cast on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) conveniently, i.e. GCE/AuNPs@NGO-PEG, GCE/AuNPs@G1-PAMAM-NGO-PEG and GCE/AuNPs@G3-PAMAM-NGO-PEG. It is evident that these GCEs could be applied as efficient non-enzymatic H2O2 detectors resulting from the corresponding cyclic voltammetric curves and typical ready-state amperometric curves. GCE/AuNPs@G1-PAMAM-NGO-PEG exhibited the fastest electron transfer rate among these modified GCEs. We envisage that these GCEs could provide efficient sensors for H2O2 detection and a new strategy for sensor design.

Facile fabrication and enhanced properties of copper-based metal organic framework incorporated with graphene for non-enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide

Present work demonstrates the fabrication of a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) incorporated with graphene oxide (Cu-BTC-MOF/GO) (BTC = 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylate and GO = graphene oxide) via the reflux method. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Cu-BTC-MOF in the presence of GO nanosheets. The modification of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was carried out by drop-casting of Cu-BTC-MOF/GO composite and electrochemical reduction of GO to electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO). The Cu-BTC-MOF/ERGO/ITO electrode exhibited notable electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2 leading to a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor and this phenomenon can be ascribed to the synergetic effects of Cu-BTC-MOF and graphene. The corresponding calibration curve of the current response showed a linear detection range of 4 μM to 17.334 mM (R2 = 0.996) and the limit of detection was estimated to be 0.44 μM.

Facile preparation of well conductive 2D MOF for nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide: Relationship between electrocatalysis and metal center

Due to its nano-thickness, fast mass transfer and excellent electron transfer capability, two-dimensional (2D) MOF are an efficient strategy to develop good electrocatalytic materials. In this paper, 2D-MOF were synthesized by facile and cost-efficient methods. MOF can be fast prepared with nucleation and crystal growth in several minutes at room temperature, leading to very thin 2D Co-MOF. Herein, Co, Ni and NiCo-based 2D MOF as non-enzymatic H2O2 sensors at different oxidation potentials in KOH solution, the Co-MOF exhibited excellent H2O2 oxidation and detection performance including a wide linear range from 0.5 μM to 832.5 μM, low detection limit of 0.69 μM, and very fast sensing response in basic solution. By taking advantage of excellent conductivity, the Co-MOF showed the low oxidation potential for H2O2 and good detection performance at 0.25 V. It was comparable to most carbon materials and reported MOF materials for H2O2 detection. We insist that 2D MOF is effective for creating active catalysts. The 2D Co-MOF performed higher electrochemical sensitivity with high stability, conductivity, and selectivity. It indicates 2D MOF has potential employment in the fabrication of sensing devices.

Programmable Laser Patterning of Ag Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Electrodes for Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Detection

Graphene and noble metal hybrid electrodes are promising for electrochemical sensing. However, open problems with respect to electrode patterning and integration still restrict their practical appl...

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide and Its Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection Using Silver Nanoparticles Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide.

Silver-reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) nanohybrid was synthesized by applying a slight modification to the Turkevich method using trisodium citrate as a reducing and stabilizing agent to catalyze the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average particle size of 2.2 nm surfaced on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) obtained from glassy carbon (GC) electrode coated with Ag-rGO nanohybrid (4 mM) exhibited a peak at an overpotential of -0.52 V, with a larger faradaic current for the reduction of H₂O₂. Using the modified electrode for the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) detection of H₂O₂, the detection limit and sensitivity were determined to be 4.8 μM (S/N ═ 3) and 0.0262 μA μM-1, respectively. The sensor appeared selective and stable towards H₂O₂ in the presence of possible interference, and it also demonstrated good recoveries of H₂O₂ concentration in real water samples.

Flexible electrochemical sensor based on laser scribed Graphene/Ag nanoparticles for non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection

Here, we demonstrate the detection of H2O2 with a novel, flexible and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on a laser scribed graphene electrode decorated with silver nanoparticles(LSG-Ag). This low-cost technique based on a DVD laser, allowed the direct manufacturing and reduction of graphene oxide into an electrochemical transducer with conductive, lightweight, reduced and flexible characteristics. The LSG-Ag sensor showed a high catalytic response towards H2O2 reduction at -0.5 V with a fast amperometric response of only 3 s. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.1 to 10 mM (R2 = 0.9982), a low LOD of 7.9 μM with high repeatability of 3% R.S.D. and reproducibility of 4.5% R.S.D. In addition, the LSG-Ag retained its operational characteristics after continuous bending with a loss of current of only 13%. Considering the need of progression of electrochemical systems into trending areas where flexibility is required, the laser-induced sensors can provide a suitable platform for flexible, reliable, sensitive and selective detection.

One-Step Synthesis of Au@Pt-Graphene Nanocomposites and Their Electrochemical Properties.

A nanocomposite of gold@platinum core-shell nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (Au@Ptgraphene) was synthesized by a one-step method and further fabricated into a nanohybrid electrode. This approach not only allows for better structural integration of different components on the electrode but also improves the electrochemical properties in terms of the electrocatalytic activity and capacitive performance. As employed in the electrochemical sensor, the Au@Pt-graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has a wide linear range from 0.5 μmol·L-1 to 22.3 mmol·L-1, a detection limit of 0.2 μmol·L-1, high selectivity, good reproducibility and long-term stability towards the nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Furthermore, when used as a binder-free electrode in supercapacitors, this electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 345 F·g-1 at a current density of 1 A·g-1, and the specific capacitance retention remains at 96% after 1000 times cycles. These merits enable a versatile electrode material for electrochemical applications.

Nanoporous platinum-copper flowers for non-enzymatic sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose at near-neutral pH values.

Multimodal nanoporous PtCu flowers(np-PtCu) were prepared via a two-step dealloying strategy under mild conditions. The np-PtCu alloy possesses an interconnected flower-like network skeleton with multiscale pore distribution. This material was placed on a glassy carbon electrode where it shows outstanding detection performance towards hydrogen peroxide and glucose in near-neutral pH solutions. It can be attributed to the specific structure in terms of interconnected nanoscaled ligaments, rich pore openings and a synergistic alloying effect. Figures of merit for detection H2O2 assay include (a) a working voltage of 0.7V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode); (b) a wide linear response range (from 0.01 to 1.7mM), and (c) a low detection limit (0.1μM). The respective data for the glucose assay are (a) 0.4V, (b) 0.01-2.0mM, and (c) 0.1μM. The method is not interfered in the presence of common concentrations of dopamine, acetaminophen and ascorbic acid. Graphical abstract Multimodal nanoporous (np) PtCu alloy was prepared via a two-step dealloying strategy under mild conditions. Np-PtCu exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity. The assay is highly sensitive, selective, and it allows for along-term detection of H2O2 and glucose.

Facile Fabrication of Hierarchical rGO/PANI@PtNi Nanocomposite via Microwave-Assisted Treatment for Non-Enzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

A hierarchical composite based on the modified reduced graphene oxide with platinum-nickel decorated polyaniline nano-spheres (rGO/PANI@PtNi) was facilely prepared via microwave-assisted self-reduction for an application in nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. Compared to the pristine rGO, the composite exhibited a much tougher surface due to the stacking of conductive PANI nano-spheres on rGO sheets, leading to good dispersion of PtNi nanoparticles and a large active area. Furthermore, the multi-valance Ni2+/3+ in the PtNi particles effectively promoted the catalytic property of Pt sites and facilitated a superior electrochemical performance of PtNi alloy than that of neat Pt. Owing to the synergistic effect of the improved electrical conductivity and the promoted electrocatalytical property, the modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with rGO/PANI@PtNi nanocomposite displayed an outstanding electrochemical sensitivity towards H2O2 with a fast response time (<2 s), a wide linear range (0.1–126.4 mM), a low detection limit (0.5 µM), as well as a long-life stability for one week without obvious degradation. This novel strategy opens a novel and promising approach to design high performance sensors for H2O2 detection.

A novel amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor based on gold nanoparticles supported on Fe3O4@polyethyleneimine

ABSTRACTHerein, gold nanoparticles supported on polyethyleneimine functionalised magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PEI@Au NPs) were successfully synthesised and applied for non-enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in biological samples. The characterisation of Fe3O4@PEI@Au NPs was thoroughly explored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Because of the large surface area of Au NPs, the prepared magnetic NPs were employed as an efficient electrocatalyst for reduction of H2O2. A graphite rod electrode (GRE) coated with Fe3O4@PEI@Au NPs was used for the amperometric determination of H2O2. After optimisation, the proposed sensor depicted a wide linear range from 0.2 to 500.0 μM with a low detection limit of 0.07 μM. In addition, the suggested method showed high sensitivity, good reproducibility and notable anti-interference property in the measuring of H2O2. The assay was credibly applied to determine H2O2 concentration in human serum samples.

Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide at Pd Nanoparticles-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite

Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide at Pd Nanoparticles-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite

Nanoplatelet MoS2 arrays decorated with Pt nanoparticles for non-enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide

An electrochemical detection platform for monitoring of hydrogen peroxide was designed based on molybdenum disulphide nanocomposites. Bulk MoS2 as well as flower-like MoS2 sheets on Ti substrate were synthesized via a hydrothermal approach. Monodispersed MoS2 nanoparticles with average size less than 2nm were fabricated by simple and low-cost ultrasonication and gradient centrifugation method. The MoS2/Ti structures were further assessed for amperometric H2O2 detection. The nanoflower MoS2/Ti electrode were electrochemically designed with highly dense Pt nanoparticles. The structure and surface morphology were subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The electrochemical behaviours and sensing performances of the MoS2/GC, MoS2/Ti and Pt/MoS2/Ti electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. The MoS2 nanoparticle modified GC electrode displayed excellent sensitivity towards H2O2 at applied voltage of −0.6V and the best sensitivity of 1.93μAμM−1cm−2 was reached with Pt/MoS2/Ti electrodes. The electrodes prepared by using novel hybrid MoS2 nanomaterials showed high sensitivity, selectivity and long-term stability (at least 10days) for monitoring of H2O2 and, thus, deserve further studies of their application in development of sensors and biosensors.

Highly electrocatalytic biosensor based on Hemin@AuNPs/reduced graphene oxide/chitosan nanohybrids for non-enzymatic ultrasensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide in living cells

A non-enzymatic and highly electrocatalytic H2O2 biosensor was proposed by using a novel electrode composed of hemin-capped biomineralized gold nanoparticles (Hem@AuNPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and chitosan (CS). Owing to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of Hem@AuNPs and great conductivity of rGO, this developed biosensor is capable of ultrasensitive measuring H2O2 in real-time. In addition, the introduction of CS resulted in a film on the electrode, which can enhance the stability by protecting the biosensor from external disturbances. Taking advantages of the peroxidase-like activities of the nanohybrids, the developed electrode exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance toward H2O2 with high selectivity, fast response, superior sensitivity and good stability. More importantly, the lower determination limit of 9.3 nM and wider linear ranges of 5 orders of magnitude enable this biosensor to detect H2O2 releasing from living Hela cells accurately. This work provides tremendous potential for real-time monitoring the secretion of H2O2 in living cells.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of gadolinium(III) oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for detection of hydrogen peroxide in biological and clinical samples

A rapid and sensitive, non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is of utmost importance for diagnosis and treatment of related diseases in clinical purpose. To meet this requirement, we report a simple and robust microwave-assisted synthetical route via prepared Gd2O3 nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (Gd2O3 NPs@RGO) modified electrode for non-enzymatic H2O2 detection. The composition and morphological formation were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, XPS, FESEM, and HRTEM. The impedance and cyclic voltammetry exhibit tremendous electrocatalytic capability and superior performance toward H2O2 reduction. A sensitive and reproducible amperometric H2O2 sensor was fabricated which was able to detect concentration as low as 1.57nM. The method worked well even in clinical and biological samples, which indicates the reliability of the method in real time analysis.

Electrochemical performance of ruthenium nanoparticles decorated on nitride carbon for non-enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Development of high-performance Pt-free non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensors on the basis of supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) is important for industrial and biological applications. Here, we report the preparation of ultrafine, surface-clean, and well-distributed Ru NPs and concomitant formation of nitride carbon (Ru/NC) by pyrolyzing tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(ii) chloride (TBRC) with carbon. The use of the nitrogen (N)-containing Ru complex of TBRC as the metal precursor is essential for the preparation of ultrafine and highly dispersed Ru NPs (1.20 nm in diameter) on a NC support. The as-synthesized Ru/NC-800 displays superior analytical performance for non-enzymatic detection of H2O2 with a low detection limit of 0.468 μM, high sensitivity of 698 μA mM-1 cm-2, excellent linear detection ranging from 0.001 to 10.000 mM, good stability, and high selectivity. The control experiment results indicate that the high-performance of Ru/NC-800 must be ascribed to the ultrasmall and highly dispersed Ru NPs and N-doping, which can supply a higher density of active sites available for H2O2 detection. This study provides a facile strategy to synthesize ultrafine metal NPs and for concomitant production of NC for electrocatalytic non-enzymatic sensing.

Synthesis, First-Principle Simulation, and Application of Three-Dimensional Ceria Nanoparticles/Graphene Nanocomposite for Non-Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Detection

Owing to the exceptional properties of graphene and the crucial role of substrate on the performance of electrochemical biosensors, several graphene-based hybrid structures have recently emerged, yielding improved selectivity and sensitivity. To date, most of the reported biosensors utilize solution-driven graphene flakes with drawbacks of low conductivity (due to high inter-junction contact resistant) and structural fragility. Herein, we present a conductive three-dimensional CeO2 semiconductor nanoparticles/graphene nanocomposite, as a platform for sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide, an important molecule in fundamental biological processes. The 3D conductive graphene architecture is fabricated by chemical vapor deposition on nickel foam. The fabricated biosensor displays high sensitivity (60 μA.mM−1) at a low negative potential of −0.25 V, a low detection limit (<1.0 μM at S/N = 3), and a fast response (<5 s) in the range of 2.8 to 160 μM. Furthermore, density functional theory simulations show that the improved detection is not only related to the catalytic effect of ceria nanoparticles, but also to more efficient charge transfer from nanoparticles to the 3D graphene network. Moreover, it is established that the amperometric response of the biosensor is insensitive to interfering molecules such as glucose, sucrose, and potassium chloride, indicating its potential for practical applications.

Thin layers formed by the oriented 2D nanocrystals of birnessite-type manganese oxide as a new electrochemical platform for ultrasensitive nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection

Thin layers formed by the arrays of the vertically oriented 2-dimensional nanocrystals of Birnessite-type manganese oxide CuxMnO2∙nH2O were synthesized for the first time by the reaction of gaseous ozone with the surface of aqueous solutions of manganese (II) acetate and copper (II) acetate salts mixture. The obtained layers were placed onto the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO)–coated glass electrodes and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical performance of the layers was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was found that the synthesized structures are formed by the 2D nanocrystals with the thickness of 3–6 nm. The atomic concentration of copper x depends on the ratio of Cu(CH3COO)2 and Mn(CH3COO)2 solution concentrations and can be as much as 0.35. The obtained layers were tested as the electrochemical platform for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensing. It was shown that the electrode can provide an ultrasensitive H2O2 determination with the limit of detection of 0.4 nМ and linear concentration range that lies in the region of nanomolar concentrations. We assume that the observed effects are due to the morphology of the synthesized layers, which ensures maximum contact of the analyte with the active sites of 2D nanocrystals of CuxMnO2 ∙ nH2O. Comparison of the obtained analytical characteristics with the literature data indicates the good prospects of the synthesized nanomaterial for its use as a working electrode for nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor.