Non-edible Seeds Research Articles

Pharmacognostic and Taxonomic Studies of Cola parchycarpa K. Schum. (Malvaceae)

C. pachycarpa is a lesser-known member of the genus Cola in the family Malvaceae. In Nigeria its fruits are edible but with non-edible seeds as the general Cola ‘Kolanut” This study is carried out to evaluate the taxonomic and pharmacognostic characters of Cola pachycarpa K. Schum. for its identification, authentication and standardization. The pharmacognostic and taxonomic characters were determined from macroscopy, microscopy, petiole anatomy, powder microscopy, chemomicroscopy, micromeritic properties, ash values, extractive values, fluorescence analysis and phytochemical screening using standard methods. The leaves of C. pachycarpa were alternate, petiolate, compound and trifoliate. Petioles were within 45-50 cm long, leaflets 20-38 cm long, 10-19 cm wide, the middle leaflet were often longer than others. Leaflets were short petiolulate to subsessile, leaflet shape was elliptic, apex acuminate, margin entire and texture hairy on the abaxial surface of the leaflet with brown caducuous hairs on the abaxial surface only. Stem was erect, woody and scabrid about 4-10 cm in diameter. The fruit was 15 cm long and 7 cm wide with about 3-5 seeds occurring in a pod. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoid, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides but anthraquinone was absent for the leaf while all were present except alkaloid, cardiac glycoside and anthraquinone in the stem. Epidermal cells were polygonal with straight anticlinal walls. Drusiferous crystals were observed on the petioles. Leaflets were hypostomatic with anisocytic stomata and stellate trichomes on the abaxial surface. The chemomicroscopic study revealed the presence of lignin, starch, cellulose, oils, calcium oxalate crystals, mucilage and protein for both leaf and stem. The fluorescence characteristics showed the presence of different colours supporting the presence of various phytoconstituents for both leaf and stem. The flow properties for both leaf and stem were fair and passable with the angle of repose of 35° and 45°respectively. The quantitative epidermal studies, chemomicroscopic and fluorescence characteristics revealed characteristic features for the drug. The physico-chemical results for leaf and stem gave total ash of 8.24% and 11.5%, water soluble ash of 3.71% and 3.20%, acid-insoluble ash of 0.99% and 4.33% and moisture content of 10.58% and 4.33%, water-soluble extractive of 12.50 % and 9.40%, ethanol-soluble extractive of 9.10% and 2.90%, methanol-soluble extractive of 8.00 % and 2.30% and ethyl-acetate acetate-soluble extractive of 2.00% and 0.50% respectively.
 The findings of the research will help in the identification and authentication of the plant as well as establishing standards for quality, purity, safety, efficacy and reproducibility in phytomedicine.

Liquid fuel synthesis from Leonotis nepetifolia seeds through in-situ transesterification method

ABSTRACT In the present research work, biodiesel is produced by in-situ technique using directly the dried seeds of Leonotis nepetifolia. Herein, methanol plays a dual role, as solvent for extraction of oil from the seeds of Leonotis nepetifolia and as a reactant in the process of alcoholysis in presence of KOH catalyst. The influence of seed to methanol molar ratio, reaction time, temperature and catalyst loading is investigated. The result showed that the maximum yield of about 96% is obtained with 1: 393 molar ratios of seed oil to methanol at 60°C, using 3.0% (w/w) KOH catalyst for 100 min. Biodiesel parameters are experimentally evaluated and calculated by using various mathematical models. The experimentally determined and empirically calculated fuel properties of Leonotis nepetifolia methyl esters are found comparable with the existing biodiesels and petro-diesel and satisfy the ASTM and EN limits. This study reveals that the FAMEs produced by the nonedible seeds of Leonotis nepetifolia using in-situ method of transesterification can be used as an alternative to diesel fuel.

Sal biodiesel production using Indian abundant forest feedstock

The objectives of present work are exploration and develop an indigenous fuel from abundant forest of India. India has 10 million hectors Sal (Shorea Robusta) forest which produced 180 million kg non-edible seeds annually. Since Sal seeds may be an option to fulfil the biodiesel mission of India due to its low acid value. So in the current research, single stage base catalyst transesterification was employed for biodiesel production. The work was focused on optimization of major characteristics such as cetane number, viscosity, calorific value and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) using response surface methodology (RSM). The significant process parameters of transesterification reaction such as methanol to oil molar ratio (3–15:1), KOH catalyst concentration (2.5–15 g/kg), reaction time (30–120 min) and reaction temperature (50–70 °C) were exploited to optimize the above properties and synchronize with production yield. After the optimization results, confirmation trails has been conducted and yield was achieved 98.94%. At the same time physicochemical properties were obtained such as cetane number 61.91, viscosity 4.97 cSt, calorific value 39.61 MJ/kg and CFPP 0.024 °C. Results were validated through the confirmation trails and all properties of Sal biodiesel are well within ASTM limits. So Sal seed is the needed source of biodiesel in India.

Optimization, Transesterification and Analytical Study of Rhus typhina Non-Edible Seed Oil as Biodiesel Production

Production of biodiesel from non-edible oils is one of the effective methods to reduce production costs and alleviate the obstacle of traditional raw material supply. Rhus typhina L. (RT) is a promising non-edible plant because it grows fast and has abundant seeds. But previously reported oil content of RT was only 9.7% and 12%. Further research into improving the biodiesel production of RT seed oil is urgently needed. Here we obtained the biodiesel production of RT with a maximum oil content of 22% with a low free fatty acid content of 1.0%. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) of the RT seed oil was produced by a standard optimized protocol use KOH as a catalyst with the highest yield of 93.4% (w/w). The quality and purity of RT FAMEs, as well as the physio-chemical characterizations of the biodiesel products, were investigated and compared with the international standard of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. The values of fuel properties are comparable with mineral diesel and environmentally friendly. Overall, the proposed RT seed oil could be a potential source of raw materials for producing high-quality biodiesel after the optimization and transesterification.

In situ acid catalysed transesterification of biodiesel production from Sterculia foetida oil and seed

ABSTRACTThe quantity of fossil fuel is declining year by year, and the pollutant also released to the environment which insist on the exploration of new alternative fuel. Biodiesel from non-edible seeds is of primary concern for increasing prices of crude oil and thereof preventing greenhouse gas emissions. In the present study, the production of biodiesel by In-situ acid catalyzed transesterification from Sterculia foetida oil and seeds were reported. GC-FID characterization of oil sample revealed the presence of long-chain fatty acids with a higher proportion of sterculic acid (32%). The operating parameters in acid transesterification process viz., the weight of the oil and biomass, solvent volume, acid volume, temperature and time were optimized using Placket-Burman design. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained for sterculia oil and seeds were 91.58% and 95.91% exhibiting volume of oil being the critical factor based on Plackett-Burman design. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that chosen parameters were statistically significant (P < .05) except for temperature. FT-IR analysis confirms the presence of biodiesel (1741 cm–1) obtained from the transesterification process.

Optimisation, experimental validation and thermodynamic study of the sequential oil extraction and biodiesel production processes from seeds of Sterculia foetida.

Non-edible seeds are not used in any commercial applications, which implies that they can be used for biofuel applications. The present study aimed to maximise the process conditions for oil extraction and sterculia biodiesel production from Sterculia foetida (poon oil). GC-MS identified the methyl esters of sterculia oil as sterculic acid (32%), palmitic acid (15.88%), oleic acid (10.00%), linoleic acid (9.95%) and malvalic acid (9%). Response surface methodology (RSM) based parametric optimisation of oil extraction was carried out by choosing process variables such as sample weight, volume of solvent to seed ratio and time. The optimum sample amount of 7.5 g and the volume of solvent to seed ratio of 40 mL/g resulted in a maximum oil yield of 45.27% at 3 h. The results were statistically significant (P < 0.05) with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9988. Furthermore, the artificial neural network (ANN) resulted in an R2 value greater than 0.9, which validates the RSM. Conventional optimisation of the temperature (55 °C), feedstock to methanol ratio (1:12), catalyst proportion (1.5%) and transesterification reaction time (60 min) yield 90.87% biodiesel production. The physicochemical characteristics of oil and biodiesel complied with the requirements of the ASTM standards. The rate constant and thermodynamic variables at the optimum temperature (333 K) were calculated from the experimental data. The activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy in transition state theory (ΔH++), activation entropy in transition state theory (ΔS++) and Gibbs free energy in transition state theory (ΔG++) were 37.91 kJ mol-1, 35.14 kJ mol-1, - 239.58 J mol-1 K-1 and 79.81 kJ mol-1 respectively. Graphical abstract.

Effect of Catalyst Bed Height on the Yield and Composition of Non-edible Seed Pyrolytic Oil

The thermal and catalytic vapour cracking of non-edible seed such as Kassod seed was studied in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of temperature on the yield of pyrolytic liquid was observed from thermal pyrolysis and the optimum temperature was determined. At the optimum temperature catalytic vapour cracking using CaO was studied by varying the catalyst loading as well as the bed height. The effect of catalyst loading and bed height on the yield, fuel properties, distillation temperature and composition of pyrolytic oil were determined. The results confirmed that thermal pyrolysis of Kassod seed at 550 °C yielded 50.21 wt% of pyrolytic liquid containing 39.86 wt% and 10.35 wt% organic and aqueous phase respectively. The highest yield of pyrolytic oil (organic liquid) was 31.2 wt% and 22.95 wt% obtained at 2 wt% loading of catalyst at a bed height of 8.5 cm and 11.1 cm respectively. The effect of catalytic vapour cracking with the variation in the bed height on the fuel properties confirmed that increasing the catalyst bed height raised the basicity of the pyrolytic oil. The gross calorific value of the oil increased at higher wt% of catalyst loading and were better at the catalyst bed height of 11.1 cm. The catalytic vapour cracking enhanced the fuel properties of the pyrolytic oil by the formation of more volatile components in the pyrolytic oil. The variation in the composition of the pyrolytic oil with and without catalyst was confirmed from the GC–MS analysis.

Scanning electron microscopy leads to identification of novel nonedible oil seeds as energy crops.

Currently, exploration of alternative energy resources is hotly debated among the scientific community owing to rising energy crises and environmental issues. Biodiesel, as renewable energy source proves to be a better option and substitute to petro diesel. In this regard, nonedible seeds could be a better feedstock for synthesizing biodiesel due to their cost effectiveness and environmental friendly attributes. The present study, therefore, deals with the exploration and identification of micromorphologic features among eight novel nonedible oil yielding seeds via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as potential feedstock for biodiesel industry. Light microscopic studies revealed that seeds size vary from 0.1-2.9 cm in length to 0.1-3 cm in width. Moreover, a great variation in seed color from black, green, and different shades of brown was also observed. Seeds ultra-structure examination by SEM exhibit great variation in seed shape, size, color, sculpturing and periclinal wall shape and arrangement and so on. All the understudy seeds vary from rounded, irregular, subspherical, ellipsoidal, reniform, flattened, polygonal, ovate, pyriform, oblong, and globose shape. Seeds wall structure exhibits great variation from entire, angular, straight, irregular, polygonal, smooth, and elongated. The periclinal wall pattern exhibits variation from flat to slightly concave-convex with straight, angular, undulate, or dentate seeds margin. Among the studied species only Argemone ochroleuca Linn. (Papaveraceae) possess micropylar peak, ridged raphe, and basal helium. The obtained results from the present study would therefore, suggest that SEM could be a useful tool in refreshing the veiled micromorphological features among different oil yielding seeds which in turn helps the researchers for their correct identification, exploration, authentication, and seeds classification in future.

Investigations of Non-Edible Seeds Oils in Comparison with Soybean Benchmark for Production of Biodiesel

The desire to reduce green-house gases due to excessive use of fossil fuels for energy production is a major stimulant for alternative clean sources of energy. One of these alternative sources is biodiesel with vegetable oil as a component. However, soybean oil, which is a major food condiment is the major vegetable oil used in the USA. The present study seeks to explore suitable and sustainable sources of oil from non-edible seed plants that are indigenous to the state of South Carolina.

Investigation of the Effects of Agitation on the Hardening Characteristics of Medium Carbon Steel Quenched in Non-Edible Seed Oils Grown in Nigeria

This research evaluates the forced circulation of various quenchants (jatropha seed oil, neem seed oil, cottonseed oil and castorseed oil) in a fabricated quenching machine to reduce the cooling time and analyse the hardening characteristics of samples oflow and medium carbon steel in these media. The samples were quenched in water and SAE engine oil for control experimentation. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the quenched samples were used to evaluate the quenchseverity of the various quenchants as well as the hardening characteristics of the samples.The focus of this investigation is to find the suitability or otherwise of non-edible oils abundantly available in Nigeria as effectivealternatives to the conventional media, water and SAE oil. While water usually causes distortion corrosion and cracking of component due to its high quenching severity, SAE oil, on the other hand, has low quenching severity for many applications, highcost, non-biodegradable and excessive fume generation during the quenching operations. These will successful gave rise toinvestments and employment in the cultivation and processing of these non-edible seed oils thereby lending support towardsachieving sustainable development through environmental protection.

Green epoxy synthesized from Perilla frutescens: A study on epoxidation and oxirane cleavage kinetics of high-linolenic oil

Despite the growing interest in epoxidized vegetable oils (EVOs) as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based epoxies, their high epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) (>250 g/eq) hinders use in high-strength applications. This study reports the synthesis of a sustainable EVO that possesses EEW of ∼164 g/eq – comparable to that of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA). Non-edible perilla oil, extracted from the non-edible seeds of Perilla frutescens, was used to synthesize sustainable green epoxy via Prilezhaev epoxidation reaction at 40, 50 and 60 °C for 8 h. Perilla oil was chosen due to its higher number of chemically modifiable groups (>90%), i.e. ∼62–65 wt. % linolenic acid (C18:3), ∼13–15 wt. % linoleic acid (C18:2) and ∼12–15 wt. % oleic acid (C18:1) moieties. Rates of epoxidation and side reactions were estimated by experimentally determining iodine, epoxy and α-glycol value of epoxidized perilla oil (EPeO) extracted at regular time intervals during synthesis. Kinetics of post-oxirane cleavage was studied at aforementioned reaction temperatures and times by reacting EPeO with formic acid in weight ratio of 1:3. Reaction kinetics studies for both epoxidation and ring opening reactions (pseudo) showed reaction rate constants in the order of 10−6 L mol−1 s−1 (for both reactions) and activation energies of 20.10 kJ/mol (epoxidation) and 43.11 kJ/mol (ring opening) respectively. Thermodynamic parameters – such as activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and Gibbs’ free energy of activation – were calculated for both epoxidation and oxirane ring cleavage reactions. All the thermodynamic parameters were observed to be lower for epoxidation reaction compared to post-oxirane cleavage reaction. Enthalpy of activation was found to be ∼18 kJ/mol for epoxidation reaction while it was ∼56 kJ/mol for post-oxirane cleavage reaction.

Solar thermal pyrolysis of non-edible seeds to biofuels and their feasibility assessment

The present study is focused on conversion of non-edible Jatropha seeds biomass to biofuels i.e., liquid, solid and gaseous fuels via solar thermochemical pyrolysis process. All the three products namely; (i) bio-oil (liquid) (ii) biochar (solid) and (iii) pyrolytic gas were characterized by means of TG (Thermo-gravimetric), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), GC–MS (Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy), proximate and ultimate analysis; and assessed their feasibility as fuel candidates. It is explored that 20% maximum bio-oil yield was obtained with the average reactor temperature of 250–320°C. The pyrolytic zone for the biomass was identified in the range of 203–508°C. The ultimate analysis of the bio-oil revealed that the oil is rich in carbon (58.3%) and hydrogen (8.7%) with an average chemical composition of CH1.79N0.05O0.40. Relatively lower oxygen content in the bio-oil favors for high heating value. Higher H/C ratio (1.79) and lower O/C ratio (0.4) of the bio-oil indicates its suitability as petroleum fuel for engine applications. The carbon compounds present in the bio-oil are from C7 to C28 which may represent the mixture of diesel and gasoline fuels. Finally, it is emerged from the study that all the three products are exibiting various favorable conditions to be employed as fuel candidates for different applications such as engines and boilers.

Novel approach to produce oil from non-edible seeds of Indigofera colutea

ABSTRACTIn present investigation, lipid extraction was performed from non-edible seeds of Indigofera colutea using Soxhlet technique with ultrasonic pre-treatment to evaluate maximum yield of oil. Different solvents were used for the extraction of oil from the biomass. Different parameters such as solvent, particle size, temperature, time, and solvent-to-solid ratio have been examined. The high yield of oil extraction was obtained at 6% moisture content, 0.15 mm particle size, 65°C temperature, 210 min, and 6:1 solvent-to-solid ratio using n-hexane as solvent. The maximum yield of oil (38.5%) was obtained from 75 g of I. colutea biomass. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, the methyl group–CH3 bond indicates the presence of asymmetric stretch. Fatty acid profile of the optimized I. colutea oil was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis. The unsaturated fatty acid content was found to be very high at 52.214%. I. colutea biomass proved to be a suitable source for the biodiesel production.

Synthesis and optimization of Hevea brasiliensis and Ricinus communis as feedstock for biodiesel production: A comparative study

Biodiesel from non-edible seeds has attracted the attention of the authors to investigate Hevea brasiliensis (HB) and Ricinus communis (RC) as potential feedstocks. Biodiesel production was carried out using esterification-neutralization-transesterification (ENT) process. The transesterification process was carried out under variation methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and speed agitation. On top of that, optimization was evaluated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a quadratic polynomial model for ENT method. The optimization results show that production biodiesel from HBME and RCME with ENT method were 99.32% and 99.07% respectively. All the properties measured for produced methyl ester met in ASTMD 6751. Moreover, the presence of ricinoleic (α-elaeostearic) in RCME can improve the cold point, pour point and cold filter plugging point, which resulted in −40.4°C, −27.8°C and −35.0°C respectively. The results of the cold flow properties are better due to higher unsaturated fatty acid concentration. It is indicates that RCME has good performance during cold weather engine operation. It short, biodiesel production using ENT method can produce high methyl ester yield and good biodiesel properties.

Variation in Oil Content of Non-edible and Unexploited-Oil Seed Species of Tamil Nadu

Variation in Oil Content of Non-edible and Unexploited-Oil Seed Species of Tamil Nadu

Evaluation of Biodiesel Production Process from Sapium Tree Oil Sebiferum using Exergy Analysis Methodology

Environmental pollution and declining reserves of fossil fuels has generated the need for new sources of energy that are renewable, is how in the last decade have generated called biofuels, among which are mainly bioethanol and biodiesel. Palm oil, soybean and sunflower at the moment, are the most used raw materials, but some authors claim that the use of these seeds generates competition with human food sources and aggravating the problem of monoculture. Based on these questions the second generation biofuels represent a great advantage since they are characterized by the use of non-edible seeds, taking advantage of the potential that exists in process residues and native seeds are not commercially used.Besides the use of new energy resources, it is also necessary to be viable. The exergy analysis is a useful tool in the assessment process, which identifies the quantity and quality of energy sources, in addition to being used to design processes and emerging energy-evaluate existing processes.In this work a biodiesel production process was evaluated from Sapium sebiferum oil, inedible oilseed, through exergy analysis methodology. The process was simulated in the simulation software industry ASPEN PLUS8.4 and comprises pretreating the oil and subsequent transesterification, washing, solvent recovery and purification and coproduct. All both physical and chemical exergies were determined for each of the process streams including the heating and cooling services. Efficiency and exergy losses for each process unit is determined, the overall exergetic efficiency of the process is finally evaluated.The results confirm the potential of Sapium sebiferum oil for biodiesel production, presenting a exergy efficiency of 63.79 %, however you must make some technical improvements to the process in order to take the maximum amount of energy.

Potentiality of Biodiesel Production From Non-Edible Oil: Bangladesh Perspective

The present study focuses potentiality of biodiesel production in Bangladesh from non-edible oil. The increasing demands of energy are consumed by using fossil fuels which are non-renewable and will be depleted within 150 years from now if this growth rate stays but if this rate increases further the depleting time will decrease from the estimated one. Because of low reservation of crude oil, Bangladesh has to import oils from other countries, these costs a lot. About 95% of these demands can be meted through biodiesel. Biodiesel prepared from both edible and non-edible oils. After meeting demands of edible oil of the country it is impossible to produce biodiesel from edible oils. But it is possible to meet the biodiesel demand of the country almost 100% through non-edible oil derived biodiesel. Arable lands of Bangladesh can’t be used for the growing purposes of non-edible oil seeds, but if rail and road sides are used there is no need for extra lands. After surveying lands for this purpose it seems that Bangladesh can get a total amount of 47750 Km of road and rail side areas for the cultivation of non-edible seeds. Among these forest seeds Nageswar, Pitraj, Sultana champa Ponyal, Rata, Oil palm, Chaulmoogra, Bakul, Kusum, jaina have sufficient oil content along with plenty of growth in Bangladesh. Cultivating these seeds 1100000 tones of biodiesel can be produced on the basis of their oil content and yield. Which decreases the amount of imported crude oil as well as meets the oil demand of the country, thus Bangladesh can be able to save about $6 billion per year means a great economic savings that can be used for the development of the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17763 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, June 2012: 1-5

A Review of Thermo-chemical Energy Conversion Process of Non-edible Seed Cakes

In India, efforts were being made for using non-edible oils for production of bio-diesel on account of country’s potentiality in non-edible oil tree born seeds. Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) and Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) crops had been selected as major source of non-edible oils for production of biodiesel. Considering the future scenario of non edible oil seed’s utilization for biodiesel production, there is a need for efficient utilization of their cakes. The main focus of this review is about the options of energy conversions, for production of suitable fuel. The brief overview of energy conversion option on seed cake is presented by means of general background information available in literatures. From the solvent extracted jatropha seed cake and mechanically de oiled jatropha seed cake the quantity of biogas obtained by biomethanation process was 0.5 m 3 /kg and 0.6 m 3 /kg respectively with CH 4 content of 50% to 70%. By using pongaima seed cake as feed material the yield of average specific biogas over a 30-day retention time was 0.703 m 3 •day -1 •kg -1 TS with 62.5% of CH 4 content. Faster conversion rate and using all the components of biomass includes cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin were the advantages of thermo chemical conversion process over biological conversion process. Energy production through gasification conversion route is suitable as the process of synfuels from biomass will lower the energy cost, waste management improvement and reduction of harmful emission. Experiments on non edible oil seed cake by gasification conversion route and analyzing for its characteristics are more essential for useful energy recovery and its use for thermal application and power generation.

Exploratory Analysis for Elemental Characterization of Biomass Residues From Biodiesel Production by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Edible and non-edible seeds with high oil content are used as the main raw material for biodiesel production. The residual biomass (press cake or oil cake) can be used as animal feed, to aggregate value to the biodiesel production cycle. In this work, a microwave-assisted-digestion procedure for elementary determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) using dilute nitric acid was developed. Inter-laboratorial reference material was used to check the accuracy. A full factorial design in addition to exploratory analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to classify the samples: press cakes from castor (Ricinus communis), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), radish (Raphanus sativus), sunflower (Heliantus annus), and coffee (Coffe arabica), according to their similarities.

Non‐edible oil seed producing Calophyllum inophyllum ideal for India's future biofuel development

AbstractThe impending climate change crisis has stimulated enormous interest in the development of biofuel globally. The supporters of biofuel hail that it is naturally carbon‐neutral whereas the critiques argue that the large‐scale plantations and production of biofuel based on Jatropha can not only strain agricultural resources but also threaten future food security. India's subsistence farmers are often faced with challenges and constraints of poverty. Foremost among the challenges are the marginal environmental conditions for agriculture often influenced by erratic rainfall, drought, poor soil quality, and unreliable irrigation water supply. In this article, we have presented a case study on the potential to use nonedible seeds from naturally occurring tree species, Calophyllum inophyllum to meet the increasing demand for biofuel production in India.