Non-diabetes Mellitus Patients Research Articles

Different Appearance of Chest CT Images of T2DM and NDM Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on an Artificial Intelligent Quantitative Method

COVID-19 is a kind of pneumonia with new coronavirus infection, and the risk of death in COVID-19 patients with diabetes is four times higher than that in healthy people. It is unclear whether there is a difference in chest CT images between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetes mellitus (NDM) COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in chest CT images between T2DM and NDM patients with COVID-19 based on a quantitative method of artificial intelligence. A total of 62 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled and divided into group A (T2DM COVID-19 pneumonia group, n = 15) and group B (NDM COVID-19 pneumonia group, n = 47). The clinical and laboratory examination information of the two groups was collected. Quantitative features (volume of consolidation shadows and ground glass shadows, proportion of consolidation shadow (or ground glass shadow) to lobe volume, total volume, total proportion, and number) of chest spiral CT images were extracted using Dr. Wise @Pneumonia software. The results showed that among the 26 CT image features, the total volume and proportion of bilateral pulmonary consolidation shadow in group A were larger than those in group B (P=0.031 and 0.019, respectively); there was no significant difference in the total volume and proportion of bilateral pulmonary ground glass density shadow between the two groups (P > 0.05). In group A, the blood glucose level was correlated with the volume of consolidation shadow and the proportion of consolidation shadow to right middle lobe volume, and higher than those patients in group B. In conclusion, the inflammatory exudation in the lung of COVID-19 patients with diabetes is more serious than that of patients without diabetes based on the quantitative method of artificial intelligence. Moreover, the blood glucose level is positively correlated with pulmonary inflammatory exudation in COVID-19 patients.

Diabetic ankle fracture complications: a meta-analysis

IntroductionThis meta-analysis aimed to review complication rates following the treatment of an ankle fracture in diabetic patients and to early detect the subgroup of patients at potential risk in order to minimise this complication rate. MethodsA search of 3 databases was performed for studies published till March 2018. Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria for further statistical analysis. An odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each complication was calculated between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. ResultsThe overall complication risk after ankle fracture was twice as high in diabetes mellitus (DM) than non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) patients (OR 1.9, 95%CI: 1.7–2.03). This risk was considerably higher with surgery versus non-surgical treatment (OD 3.7, 95%CI: 2.3–6.2). The risk of infection was 3 times higher in DM than in non-DM patients (OR 3.4, 95%CI: 2.9–9.8). The complication rate was even higher in patients with advanced DM (OR 8.4, 95%CI: 2.9–24.5). ConclusionThis meta-analysis provides evidence that diabetic patients are at a greater risk of complication after an ankle fracture.

Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia After Nerve Blockade with Dexamethasone in Non-Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are expected to inhibit the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines, which induces local pain. Serious side effects or complications are considered rare with single-dose GC use. However, the amount of systemic absorption and the side effects induced by local GC injections are not well understood. OBJECTIVES: We measured the changes in glucose levels after single-does dexamethasone injection with nerve blockade using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and investigated the risk factors for hyperglycemia. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cohort study. SETTING: This study was conducted at Gifu University Hospital in Japan. METHODS: Forty-six non-DM patients who underwent elective lumbar or sacral nerve root pulsed radiofrequency or lumbar medial branch of the posterior primary rami conventional radiofrequency with dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) were analyzed. The patients underwent monitoring of their interstitial glucose using a CGMS. Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dL. The area under the curve (AUC) where the blood glucose level was over 200 mg/dL was calculated and analyzed. The risk factors of hyperglycemia were determined using an applied ordinal regression model analysis with the AUC as the objective variable and 4 factors (age, body mass index, glucose level just before GC injection, and glycosylated hemoglobin) as explanatory variables. The blood glucose levels were predicted by a nonlinear regression model. RESULTS: The AUC and maximum glucose level were higher on the first day than after the second day. None of the 4 factors were predictors of hyperglycemia. The glucose level before the procedure was associated with the predicted blood glucose level on the first day (P = 0.042). However, the 95% upper confidence limit of the maximum predicted blood glucose level was less than the safety margin. The predicted blood glucose levels returned to the usual level after the second day. LIMITATIONS: First, GCs are metabolized by cytochrome p450 3A4, and it is possible that the inhibition of this pathway decreases the clearance of GCs. Some of our patients were taking medications that influence this cytochrome pathway. Second, we cannot eliminate the possibility of stress-induced hyperglycemia. Finally, we were unable to record the exact meal timing and calories the patients had consumed. CONCLUSIONS: The blood glucose levels were higher than usual on the first day following a local dexamethasone injection, but the levels were not critical in most cases. Because we cannot predict which patients will develop hyperglycemia, we must determine whether or not GCs can be safely administered and inform patients about potential complications. KEY WORDS: Glucocorticoids, hyperglycemia, nerve blockade, non-diabetes mellitus patients

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus Following Tonsillectomy in Adults: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis.

To identify 30-day complication rates specific to patients with diabetes mellitus following tonsillectomy. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was used to identify patients undergoing tonsillectomy between 2005 and 2018. Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and non-diabetes mellitus (NODM). Coarsened-exact-matching was utilized to account for baseline differences between cohorts. Outcomes studied included post-operate complications, prolonged hospitalization, and unplanned readmissions. A total of 986 DM and 26 774 NODM patients were included, and the mean age of patients undergoing tonsillectomy was 29.5 ± 11.6 and 28.7 ± 11.0 years, respectively. The majority of patients were female (70.5% for both DM and NODM cohorts) and White/Caucasian (89.2% vs 89.3%). Among patients undergoing tonsillectomy, a greater proportion of DM patients experienced an operative time greater than or equal to the 75th percentile (35 minutes; 25.9% vs 22.8%, P = .024), overall morbidity (12.6% vs 5.4%, P < .001), pneumonia (0.6% vs 0.2%, P = .036), and reoperation (10.2% vs 3.5% P < .001) in comparison to NODM patients. In an analysis between IDDM (n = 379) and NIDDM (n = 211) patients, IDDM patients were at an increased risk for prolonged hospitalization (1.4% vs 0.0%, P = .045), pneumonia (5.2% vs 0.5%, P < .001), urinary tract infections (3.3% vs 0.3% P = .004), major complications (15.6% vs 7.7%, P = .002), minor complications (19.9% vs 8.2%, P < .001), and overall complications (10.0% vs 1.3%, P < .001). DM patients are at a heightened risk for complications following tonsillectomy. Standardized protocols, careful pre-operative planning, and stringent glycemic management may help optimize patient outcomes.

The association of diabetes and admission blood glucose with 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

Cardiogenic shock is the leading cause of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction, with short-term mortality of approximately 50%. Whether diabetes mellitus and high blood glucose levels are associated with mortality in contemporary patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock is inadequately described. To investigate if diabetes mellitus and high admission blood glucose were associated with 30-day mortality in a large, contemporary population with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock admitted at two tertiary centres in Denmark from 2010 to 2017 were individually identified through patient charts, resulting in the inclusion of 1716 cardiogenic shock patients. Glucose level at admission to the intensive care unit was available in 1302 patients. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality between diabetes mellitus types I and II (63% vs. 62%, NS). Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in diabetes patients compared to non-diabetes patients (62% vs. 50%, P < 0.001). Increasing admission glucose was associated with increasing 30-day mortality in a dose-dependent manner in diabetes mellitus (4-8 mmol/L, 41%; 8-12 mmol/L, 49%; 12-16 mmol/L, 63%; >16 mmol/L, 67%; P = 0.028) and non-diabetes patients (4-8 mmol/L, 32%; 8-12 mmol/L, 43%; 12-16 mmol/L, 57%; >16 mmol/l; 68%; P < 0.001). Patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock and concomitant diabetes mellitus type I or II had a significantly higher 30-day mortality in comparison to patients without diabetes mellitus, whereas no difference was found between diabetes mellitus types I and II. High glucose levels on admission to the intensive care unit were associated with increased 30-day mortality in diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus patients.

Long-term compound danshen dripping pills therapy reduces the no-reflow phenomenon in nondiabetes mellitus patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction.

Cases with no-reflow increased significantly and accounted for about 5-50% of cases in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) patients in recent years. It is important to identify patients at high risk of no-reflow. Ingredients of compound danshen dripping pills (CDDP), a popular Chinese traditional medicine, can alleviate myocardial ischemia, inhibit inflammation and angiotensin convert enzyme, and reduce cell apoptosis, among other effects. In this study, we aimed to assess whether long-term treatment with CDDP (>1 year, could reduce the no-reflow phenomenon in non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients after PPCI for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We enrolled patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and PPCI data were collected. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to history of CDDP therapy. Data of the CDDP group and non-CDDP group were compared. Single and multivariate analysis was used to find factors associated with no-reflow. Among these 399 patients, the no-reflow phenomenon occurred in 96 patients (24.1%). The results showed that patients with long-term CDDP treatment had lower incidence of no-reflow than those without CDDP treatment within 1 year (9/68 vs. 87/331, 13.2% vs. 26.3%, P=0.0219). Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis identified a few admission parameters associated with the no-reflow phenomenon: prior myocardial infarction (MI) [odds ratio (OR) 3.13, 95% CI: 1.42-4.89], systolic blood pressure (SBP) <100 mmHg (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.28-4.06), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.28-4.06), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (OR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (OR 3.76, 95% CI: 1.31-9.75), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17-3.29), ejection fraction (EF) (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09-3.28), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (OR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-4.23), anterior wall infarction (OR 2.83, 95% CI: 1.69-5.76), and long-term CDDP treatment (OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.89-0.21). Prior MI, SBP, cTnT, hs-CRP, BNP, and IL-6 on admission, along with EF, LVEDD, and anterior wall infarction are all predictors for no-reflow phenomenon. Long-term treatment with CDDP can reduce no-reflow phenomenon.

STAR Protocol for Critically Ill Patients in Malaysia: ICU Staff Survey and Human Factor Assessment

Since 2001, various glycemic control (GC) studies have been conducted to reduce dysglycemia in critically ill patients. To prove their effectiveness, each proposed GC approach requires not only patient clinical results, but also users assessments. This paper presents International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Centre intensive care unit (ICU) staff perceptions and assessments of human factors of Stochastic Targeted (STAR) protocol usage based on a Malaysian pilot trial to analyze the users responses to the protocol in the Malaysian set-up. STAR protocol is a model-based and automated GC that accounts for the individual patient s metabolic variability. The ICU staff feedback on STAR trial was based on 13 survey questions. The survey demonstrated that 87.5% of ICU staff agreed that STAR protocol improved patient s outcome, and is user friendly. Human factor assessment quantifies the different interventions recorded from STAR historical and manual bedside records for a total of 31 diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-diabetes mellitus (NDM) patients. During a total of 6168 hours in ICU stays, the percentage of compliance in blood glucose (BG) measurements, insulin infusion, and nutrition administered for DM and NDM cohorts were 97.3%/97.2%, 74.1%/70.3% and 65%/71.2%, respectively. © 2019 Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers. All rights reserved.

P3104Complementary impact of glycated haemoglobin and B-natriuretic peptide on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease

Abstract Background Glycemic control, even in non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, has been associated with ventilation pump inefficiency leading to an impaired aerobic capacity. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels have also been correlated with exercise capacity, particularly in patients with heart failure. Purpose Assess the complementary impact of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and BNP levels on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods Retrospecive cohort of 91 consecutive patients (57±10 years, 90% men; 29% type 2 DM) who underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) at the beginning of an standard phase-II cardiac rehabilitation program, 2–3 months after an acute coronary syndrome. Results HbA1c and BNP levels correlated with peak oxygen uptake (VO2), anaerobic threshold (AT) and pulse O2 trajectory (Table). HbA1c correlated with ventilation CPX parameters (Table) and independently predicted minute ventilation (VE) and tidal volume (VT), regardless of age, waist circumference and β-blocker therapy. BNP levels correlated with echocardiographic (LVEF, left atrium size and pulmonary artery systolic pressure) and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch parameters (Table), and independently predicted VE/VCO2-slope (P=0.037) regardless of age, echocardiographic parameters and β-blocker therapy. Patients were divided into three groups according to HbA1c levels above or below the DM diagnosis cut-off point (6.5%) and median value of BNP levels (44.6 pg/mL). VO2 and AT significantly decreased with elevated HbA1c and/or BNP levels (Figure). CPX parameters HbA1c (%) BNP (pg/mL) r P value r P value Peak VO2 (mL/min/kg) −0.421 &lt;0.001 −0.295 0.005 VO2 at AT (mL/min/kg) −0.352 0.001 −0.271 0.009 O2 pulse trajectory (mL/beat) −0.345 0.001 −0.235 0.025 Minute ventilation (VE) (L/min)* −0.377 &lt;0.001 – NS Tidal volume (VT) (L)* −0.348 0.001 – NS VE/VCO2-slope – NS 0.375 &lt;0.001 PETCO2 at AT (mmHg) – NS −0.315 0.002 HR/VO2-slope – NS 0.307 0.003 *At peak exercise. NS: Non-significant. Conclusions HbA1c and BNP levels were associated with a reduced cardiopulmonary capacity in IHD patients, mediated by a ventilation impairment and a ventilation-perfusion mismatching, respectively. HbA1c and BNP are independent and additive predictors of cardiopulmonary capacity.

Kserostomija kod osoba sa Dijabetes melitusom tipa 2

Introduction/Aim: In 2017, 46 million people aged 20 to 79, suffering from diabetes mellitus, were reported worldwide. Some estimates show that by the 2045 this number rise to 62 million - an increase in the disease level is expected by 35%. Diabetes represents an important public health issue both globally and in Serbia. Some studies, but not all, reported that patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 suffer more frequently from xerostomia than non-diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of xerostomia after prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with and without diabetes type 2. Methods: This cross sectional study included 58 patients who were referred to Prosthodontic Department of Primary Health Care Center Rakovica during period from 1st September 2018 to 1st December 2018 due to prosthodontic rehabilitation. All subjects had acrylic dentures and were trained in the same manner to maintain oral hygiene. Data were collected through the questionnaire and intraoral clinical examination. Glycemia level was assessed measuring level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Yates's chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Total of 58 patients wearing acrylic resin dentures, 16 (27.5%) presented with diabetes type 2. HbA1c levels below 7% (within normal range) were found in 87.5% of patients with the disease. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 xerostomia was significantly more frequent (37.5%) compared to non-diabetes mellitus patients (5%) (Yates's chi-squared test=7.872; p=0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in respect of a sense of burning and/or baking (Yates's chi-squared test=0,345; p=0,557). Conclusion: There is necessity to educate the population, especially those with diabetes and those with prosthetic dentures, about the importance of proper glycemia level regulaton and the importance of maintaining oral hygiene.

Exploring the bi-directional relationship between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study.

To explore the bi-directional between pancreatic cancer (PC) and diabetes mellitus (DM); focusing on the prevalence, temporal association and impact on survival outcomes. A retrospective audit of pancreatic cancer patients from the institutional clinical database (CaNISC) between January 2012 and April 2018. A total of 131 patients were analysed, 58 patients carried a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The median overall survival for diabetes mellitus patients was 12.0months (95 CI, 5.9 to 18.1months) in comparison to 13.0months (95% CI, 8.6 to 17.3months) in non-diabetes mellitus patients (p = 0.334). There was no significant difference in the overall survival between DM and non-DM patients.

Clopidogrel utilization in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus: should we determine CYP2C19*2 genotype?

Clopidogrel non-responsiveness is multifactorial; several genetic and non-genetic factors may contribute to impaired platelet inhibition. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of the cytochrome P450 CYP2C19*2 polymorphism on the platelet response to clopidogrel in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). We conducted an observational study in patients with coronary artery disease and consequent exposure to clopidogrel therapy (75mg/day for at least 7 consecutive days). We have analyzed two groups of patients: group I (DM patients) and group II (non-diabetes mellitus patients). Platelet reactivity was assessed by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay and high on clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HPR) was defined as P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) ≥ 208. Genotyping for CYP2C19*2 polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP. We have included 150 subjects (76 DM and 74 non-diabetes mellitus patients). The carriage of CYP2C19*2 allele, in DM patients, was significantly associated to HPR (odds ratio (OR) 4.437, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.134 to 17.359; p= 0.032). Furthermore, 8.4% of the variability in percent inhibition by clopidogrel could be attributed to CYP2C19*2 carrier status. However, in non-diabetes mellitus patients, there was no significant difference in platelet response to clopidogrel according to the presence or absence of CYP2C19*2 allele carriage (OR 1.260, 95% CI 0.288 to 5.522; p = 0.759). Our study suggests that the carriage of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism, in DM patients, might be a potential predictor of persisting HPR in these high-risk individuals. Clinical Trials.gov NCT03373552 (Registered 13 December 2017).

Global Longitudinal Strain at Rest for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients without Diabetes Mellitus.

Global longitudinal strain (GLS) at rest on two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) was demonstrated to help detect coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the optimal cut-off point of GLS and its diagnostic power for detecting critical CAD in non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are unknown. In the present study, 211 patients with suspected CAD were prospectively included, with DM patients excluded. All patients underwent echocardiography and subsequently coronary angiography within 3 days. Left ventricular (LV) GLSs were quantified by 2D STE. Territorial peak systolic longitudinal strains (TLSs) were calculated based on the perfusion territories of the 3-epicardial coronary arteries in a 17-segment LV model. Critical CAD was defined as an area stenosis ≥70% in ≥1 epicardial coronary artery (≥50% in left main coronary artery). Totally 145 patients were diagnosed as having critical CAD by coronary angiography. Significant differences were observed in all strain parameters between patients with and without critical CAD. The area under the receiver operating charcteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for GLS in the detection of left main (LM) or threevessel CAD was 0.875 at a cut-off value of -19.05% with sensitivity of 78.1% and specificity of 72.7%, which increased to 0.926 after exclusion of apical segments (cut-off value -18.66%; sensitivity 84.4% and specificity 81.8%). The values of TLSs were significantly lower in regions supplied by stenotic arteries than in those by non-stenotic arteries. The AUC for the TLSs to identify critical stenosis of left circumflex (LCX) artery, left anterior descending (LAD) artery and right coronary artery (RCA), in order of diagnostic accuracy, was 0.818 for LCX, 0.764 for LAD and 0.723 for RCA, respectively. In conclusion, in non-DM patients with suspected CAD, GLS assessed by 2D STE is an excellent predictor for LM or three-vessel CAD with high diagnostic accuracy, and a higher cut-off point than reported before should be used. Excluding apical segments in the calculation of GLS can further improve the predictive accuracy of GLS. It is unsatisfactory for TLSs to be used to identify stenotic coronary arteries.

No detectable differential microRNA expression between non-atherosclerotic arteries of type 2 diabetic patients (treated or untreated with metformin) and non-diabetic patients

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Using non-atherosclerotic internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) obtained from coronary artery bypass grafting, we previously identified a distinct elevation in the level of proteins comprising the arterial basement membrane in T2DM patients not treated with metformin. Altered transcription of genes encoding these proteins has not been observed, indicating alternative mechanisms of dysregulation.MethodsIn this study we screened for differential expression of arterial microRNAs (miRNAs) in T2DM patients to test the hypothesis that the arterial protein signature of diabetic patients is associated with dysregulation at the miRNA level, and further to lay the foundation for novel hypotheses addressing the increased CVD risk of T2DM patients. MiRNA isolated from fresh frozen ITAs [from 18 T2DM- (10 of which were subject to metformin treatment) and 30 non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) patients] were analyzed by microarray, and miRNAs isolated from formalin-fixated paraffin-embedded (FFPE) ITAs were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in an independent study group [26 T2DM- (15 of which were subject to metformin treatment) and 26 non-DM patients] to determine expression levels of miRNAs in a pre-defined panel of 12 miRNAs.ResultsUnexpectedly, no miRNAs were found to be affected by T2DM status in either of the two study groups.ConclusionsOur data suggest that alternatives to microRNA dysregulation underlie T2DM-associated protein changes in non-atherosclerotic arteries.

Perioperative hyperglycemia: an unmet need within a surgical site infection bundle.

The aim of this study was to determine whether perioperative stress hyperglycemia is correlated with surgical site infection (SSI) rates in non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients undergoing elective colorectal resections within an SSI bundle. American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data of patients treated at a single institution in 2006-2012 were supplemented by institutional review board-approved chart review. A multifactorial SSI bundle was implemented in 2009 without changing the preoperative 8-h nil per os, and in the absence of either a carbohydrate loading strategy or hyperglycemic management protocol. Hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose level > 140mg/dL. The primary endpoint was SSI defined by the Centers for Disease Control National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance. Of 690 patients included, 112 (16.2%) had pre-existing DM. Overall SSI rates were significantly higher in DM patients as compared to non-DM patients (28.7 vs. 22.3%, p = 0.042). Postoperative hyperglycemia was more frequently seen in non-DM patients (46 vs. 42.9%). The SSI bundle reduced SSI rates (17 vs. 29.3%, p < 0.001), but the rate of hyperglycemia remained unchanged for DM or non-DM patients (pre-bundle 59%; post-bundle 62%, p = 0.527). Organ/space SSI rates were higher in patients with pre- and postoperative hyperglycemia (12.6%) (p = 0.017). Overall SSI rates were higher in DM patients with hyperglycemia as compared to non-DM patients with hyperglycemia (35.6 vs. 20.8%, p = 0.002). At multivariate analysis DM, chronic steroid use, chemotherapy and SSI bundle were predictive factors for SSI. This study showed that non-DM patients have a postoperative hyperglycemia rate as high as 46% in spite of the SSI bundle. A positive correlation was found between stress hyperglycemia and organ/space SSI rates regardless of the DM status. These data support the need for a strategy to prevent stress hyperglycemia in non-DM patients undergoing colorectal resections.

Changes of Plasma Levels of Adipocytokines During 120 Hours of Fasting After Endoscopic Treatment

Study background: Adipocytokines are secreted from adipocytes and are important for metabolic regulation and immune response. We investigated differences in plasma adipocytokine levels between diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetes mellitus patients during 120 hours of fasting after endoscopic treatment. We also compared changes in plasma adipocytokine levels from minimally invasive endoscopically-treated patients to those of patients treated with pancreatoduodenectomy. Materials and Methods: Seven diabetes mellitus patients, nine non-diabetes mellitus patients, and six patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were analyzed for their WBC counts, plasma levels of CRP, glucose, adiponectin, adipsin, resistin and IL-6 levels at four points. Blood samples were drawn at pre-treatment, 24 hours of fasting, 72 hours of fasting, and 120 hours of fasting after treatment. Adipocytokines were examined using an ELISA method. Results: Plasma adiponectin levels slightly decreased during the fast, and resistin levels transiently increased at the 24-hour time point in both diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetes mellitus patients. Plasma adipsin levels were stable. In patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, both a decrease and increase of adipocytokine plasma levels occurred. There was a significant percentage decrease of plasma adiponectin and adipsin levels during the fast in patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy compared to those of endoscopically treated patients. In pancreatoduodenectomy patients, plasma resistin, IL-6 levels were significantly increased compared to those of endoscopically treated patients after treatment. Conclusions: Prolonged fasting after endoscopic treatment did not influence plasma adiponectin, adipsin, and resistin levels both for diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetes mellitus patients. The decrease of plasma adiponectin and adipsin levels, and the increase of plasma resistin and IL-6 levels were significant in patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. Surgical stress may influence plasma adipocytokine levels, but 120 hours of fasting with minimal invasive stress, such as endoscopic treatment, may have no effect.

Repair of the plantar plate of the metatarsophalangeal joint through a dorsal approach with early postoperative weightbearing. Early results 12 month follow up

This meta-analysis aimed to review complication rates following the treatment of an ankle fracture in diabetic patients and to early detect the subgroup of patients at potential risk in order to minimise this complication rate.A search of 3 databases was performed for studies published till March 2018. Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria for further statistical analysis. An odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each complication was calculated between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups.The overall complication risk after ankle fracture was twice as high in diabetes mellitus (DM) than non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) patients (OR 1.9, 95%CI: 1.7–2.03). This risk was considerably higher with surgery versus non-surgical treatment (OD 3.7, 95%CI: 2.3–6.2). The risk of infection was 3 times higher in DM than in non-DM patients (OR 3.4, 95%CI: 2.9–9.8). The complication rate was even higher in patients with advanced DM (OR 8.4, 95%CI: 2.9–24.5).This meta-analysis provides evidence that diabetic patients are at a greater risk of complication after an ankle fracture.

Association of statin use and stress-induced hyperglycemia in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

BackgroundOnly a few information is available on the risk of stress hyperglycemia following acute myocardial infarction after statin use. We investigate the association of stress-induced hyperglycemia following statin use in patients with acute myocardial infarction.MethodsAn observational analysis of 476 consecutive patients who suffered acute myocardial infarction was carried out. All selected patients were divided into diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes based on the presence or absence of diabetes. The cardiac incidence of in-hospital and stress-induced hyperglycemia was recorded.ResultsAmong patients with stress hyperglycemia in non-diabetes mellitus subgroups, the average fasting plasma glucose values in statin users were higher than in non-statin users (P < 0.05). But in diabetes mellitus subgroups, the average fasting plasma glucose did not have a significant difference between statin users and non-statin users (P > 0.05). In non-diabetes mellitus patients, the incidence of stress hyperglycemia with statin therapy was significantly higher than with non-statin therapy (P = 0.003). But in diabetes mellitus patients group, there is no significant difference in incidence of stress hyperglycemia between patients with statin therapy and patients without statin therapy (P = 0.902).The incidence of heart failure and in-hospital mortality of acute myocardial infarction in patients with stress-induced hyperglycemia was significantly higher than in non-hyperglycemia patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionStatins are related to higher stress hyperglycemia and cardiac incidences after acute myocardial infarction.

Association between diabetes mellitus and oncological outcomes in bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy

To determine the association between diabetes mellitus and oncological outcomes in urothelial bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy. From January 2004 to December 2014, 200 non-metastatic urothelial bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy were divided into two groups according to diabetes mellitus status at the time of surgery. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the association between diabetes mellitus and urothelial bladder cancer recurrence-free, cancer-specific and overall mortality. Of the 200 patients, 28 (14%) had diabetes mellitus and presented similar preoperative factors and pathological findings after radical cystectomy, including pathological stage, grade, lymph node invasion and positive surgical margin compared with non-diabetes mellitus patients (n=172). The 5-year cancer-specific survivals were 92.3% and 62.1% in the non-diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (P=0.022). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus was a significant predictor for cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio 1.785, P=0.038). The 5-year overall survival rate was 92.1% and 59.4% in the non-diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (P=0.014), and diabetes mellitus was a significant factor for overall mortality by multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio 1.281, P=0.042). Among bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy, the diabetes mellitus patients had worse cancer-specific mortality and overall mortality outcomes than the non-diabetes mellitus patients. The mechanism of association between diabetes mellitus and urothelial bladder cancer should be investigated to validate the present results in a future prospective study.

Guideline treatment results in regression of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Efficacy of guideline cardiovascular disease prevention regimens may differ between patients with or without type II diabetes mellitus. We therefore compared change in carotid artery wall dimensions in type II diabetes mellitus and non-type II diabetes mellitus patients with a history of a major cardiovascular disease event, using magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty type II diabetes mellitus patients and 29 age- and sex-matched non-diabetes mellitus patients with a history of stroke or myocardial infarction and a carotid artery stenosis (15%-70%) were included. In all patients, treatment was according to cardiovascular risk management guidelines. At baseline and follow-up, carotid artery vessel wall dimensions were measured using 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging. After 2 years of follow-up, total wall volume of the carotid artery in type II diabetes mellitus patients decreased by 9.6% (p = 0.016). In contrast, stabilization rather than regression of carotid artery wall dimensions was observed in non-diabetes mellitus patients over a 2-year period. Body mass index was identified as a predictor of total wall volume decrease. Guideline treatment arrests atherogenesis in non-diabetes mellitus patients and even decreases vessel wall dimensions in type II diabetes mellitus patients. Baseline body mass index predicts cardiovascular disease prevention efficacy expressed as decrease in total wall volume. These data emphasize the importance of optimal cardiovascular-prevention, particularly in diabetes patients with a high body mass index.

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery with Multiple Arterial Grafts in Diabetic Patients: Short and Long-term Results

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus has been identified as a strong independent predictor of cardiovasculardisease onset and progression and acknowledged as a mortality risk factorafter coronary artery surgery. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting has been establishedas an efficient alternative to coronary revascularization, comparable to theconventional technique, with results evidencing a reduction in procedure morbidityand, in high risk patients, lower postoperative mortality.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to compare short and long-term postoperative results ofoff-pump coronary artery revascularization surgery with multiple arterial grafts inpatients with or without diabetes mellitus and to determine if postoperative hyperglycemiais an independent predictor of early morbidity and mortality.MethodsOff-pump coronary revascularization surgery with multiple arterial grafts was consecutivelyperformed on 1002 patients between January 2004 and December 2008.The population was divided in diabetes mellitus (n: 234) and non-diabetes mellitus(n: 768) patients. Post-operative complications were analyzed and independent predictorsof in-hospital mortality were identified. The average follow-up period of 1038± 517 days was completed by 95.7% of patients.ResultsDiabetes mellitus patients had lower cardiac output (p=0.005), atrial fibrillation(p=0.005) and deep sternal wound infection (p=0.005). Age (OR= 1.11), non-electivesurgery (OR=5.88) and blood glucose level > 200 mg/dL (OR= 6.9) were significantpredictors of in-hospital mortality. Five-year survival was lower in diabetesmellitus patients (p=0.01). Diabetes mellitus (HR = 2.1), age (HR= 1.06), left ventricularejection fraction 1.6 mg/dL(HR=2.46) were significant predictors of decreased long-term survival.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus patients had similar in-hospital mortalityrates. Postoperative hyperglycemia was a predictor of greater in-hospital mortality.Diabetes mellitus and creatinine > 1.6 mg/dL were independent predictors ofdecreased long-term survival.