Non-destructive Testing Of Welds Research Articles

Extending the Incidence Angle of Shear Vertical Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer with Horizontal Magnetization.

Angled shear vertical (SV) waves have been successfully employed in the non-destructive testing of welds, pipes, and railways. Non-contact meander-line coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) have many benefits in generating angled SV waves. The most important benefit is that the incidence angle of an SV wave can be controlled by the excitation frequency. However, the incidence angle of a traditional SV-wave EMAT is reported to be under 45 degrees in many cases. In this work, such cases are tested, and the problems of the received signal at large incidence angles are found to be due to wave interference and small signal amplitudes. An equivalent finite element (FE) model is established to analyze the problem, and the main reason is found to be the head wave. An alternative configuration of angled SV-wave EMAT with horizontal magnetization is proposed to reduce the influence of the head wave. Finally, the results from simulations and experiments show that the proposed EMAT has a larger signal amplitude and significantly reduced interference in large-incidence angle scenarios. Moreover, an incidence angle of an SV wave of up to 60 degrees can be achieved, which will help improve the performance and capability of nondestructive testing.

The Repair of Defects in High-Manganese Steel Castings by Welding Technology

Welding technologies are used to repair defects in cast parts of high - manganese austenitic steel (Hadfield steel). These include repair welding for newly manufactured castings, welding the formed defects in the old operating cast parts and, finally, for cladding layer of wear-resistant metal on the surface of the cast parts. Manual metal arc welding (MMAW) are used as often as gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and of flux-core wire welding (FCAW-S). These welding processes make possible to obtain a weld metal with the expected quality of the restored surface and a slight distortion of the base metal structure. The article presents methods of the casting repair by welding and surfacing. The parameters of welding and surfacing procedures are given, welding materials are recommended, and the methods for nondestructive testing of welds are prescribed.

Оценка параметров сварки промышленных соединений из толстых листов из алюминия 6082-T6 по европейским стандартам

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding had been applied to produce four double-V butt welded joints performed on thick plates made from 6082-T6 aluminum alloy. The thicknesses of the plates are 18, 45, 60, and 80mm.This type of aluminum alloy is very sensitive to heat due to its high conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient. Heat from TIG welding reduces the strength of the cited welded plates in the welding zone and in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and favorites the formation of porosities and solidification cracks in the welded joints. Porosities and solidification cracks are the most frequent imperfection that appear in this type of welded joints and they are often the reason which prevent them to comply with the requirements of the BS EN ISO 10675-2: 2017 Non destructive testing of welds: Acceptance levels for radiography testing-Aluminium and its alloys, and of the BS EN ISO 23277: 2015 penetrant testing of welds –Acceptance levels. This article represents the type of the filler metal that used and the welding parameters that applied to perform TIG welding of the cited thick plates in order to get welded joints that are free from porosities and solidification cracks as confirmed by X-ray radiography and by red dye penetrant testing of these welded joints.

Non-destructive Testing of Welds in Gas Pipelines Repairs with Phased Array Ultrasonic Technique

The work deals with non-destructive ultrasonic testing of butt and circumferential fillet welds in the repairing of gas pipelines. The new ultrasonic technique Phased Array was used for testing. The article compared the results of Phased Array ultrasonic inspection to X-ray inspection. Experimental samples were taken from real gas pipelines' repairs. It is a circumferential butt joint connecting 2 gas pipelines and 2 other types of circumferential fillet welds occurring during repairs of gas pipelines with pressure steel and steel patch. Experimental testing was conducted on ultrasonic flaw detector OmniScan MX2 by Olympus. Indications of defects in the weld joints obtained by ultrasonic testing are corresponding with the experimental results of X-ray inspection. Experimental results provided information for proposal of manufacture of artificial defects in these samples.

광원 펄스와 위상잠금 적외선 열화상을 이용한 점용접부의 건전성 평가 연구

The non-destructive testing using infrared thermography is extended to a variety of industries and non-destructive testing of welds using infrared thermography is also in progress in various ways. Currently, a non-destructive testing of electrical resistance spot welds which is mainly used is Radiography Testing. This study detected area of spot welds nugget using optical-infrared thermography. In the results, it is possible for detecting defects of nugget in a short period of time using pulse-infrared thermography.

Welding of large support bracket components (Type V) of ship propeller shafts

We present the practical aspects of qualification of a welding procedure for the large-size structure of brackets of screw shafts made of cast steel and performance of a real welding operation. The issue of qualification of welding procedures, conducting assembly-welding works coupled with their monitoring and local heat treatment of welded joints as well as some aspects of non-destructive testing of welds are discussed. The whole work was supervised by Lloyd's Register of Shipping.

La cataracte radio-induite professionnelle chez cinq radiographes industriels

The industrial uses of ionizing radiation in Tunisia are expanding, especially in industry and most particularly in the nondestructive testing of welds. Thus workers operating in the non-destructive testing of welds may develop a radiation-induced cataract varying in time to onset depending on the dose. To describe the characteristics of the radiation-induced cataract in patients exposed to ionizing radiation, determine the risk factors of radiation-induced cataracts. This was an anamnestic, clinical, and environmental study of five cases of radiation-induced cataract in workers employed in non-destructive testing of welds. This series of five cases had a mean age of 30.2 years and 5.53 years of work experience, ranging from 14 months to 15 years. All the patients were male and industrial radiographers specialized in nondestructive testing of welds. The average duration of exposure to ionizing radiation was 5.53 years. None of the patients had worn protective gear such as eye goggles. The ophthalmic check-up for the five special industrial radiographers showed punctuate opacities in three cases, punctiform opacities in one eye in one case, and phacosclerosis with bilateral lens multiple crystalline stromal opacities in a case of micro-lens opacities in both eyes with opalescence of both eyes in one case. These cataracts had been declared as occupational diseases. The value of a specialized ophthalmologic surveillance among these workers and the early diagnosis of lens opacities must be emphasized.

Substitution of the time-of-flight diffraction technique for nondestructive testing of welds and thick layers of steel: A comparative investigation

Prevention of industrial disasters is a major concern. Nondestructive testing as a reliable tool has played an effective role in this regard. Ultrasonic testing of heavy press-sure vessels is a common practice. Particularly, a more customary procedure known as pulse-echo has become a standard in and of itself. In light of the increasing demand for more thorough inspection of pressure vessels, researchers have begun looking into more innovative means of defect measurement. Fundamentally, the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) flaw-detection procedure is based on the time measured for diffracted waves to travel from the two ends of a defect, and it is shown to be an effective procedure for size and location determination of a defect [1]. Specifically, it is demonstrated that this technique is more suitable for thick structures (above 10 mm). Today, the TOFD procedure is used for operational inspections or quality control of structures during production instead of routine radiography and ultrasonic NDT procedures [1]. Although TOFD is more often utilized for inspecting welds with simple geometry and small grain steels, such as face welds with thicknesses from 6 mm to 300 mm, it is useful in inspecting more complex geometries. Such defects as cracks, lack of penetration, lack of fusion, porosity, and slag in welds and pressure vessels could be diagnosed via this technique. In this investigation, on the basis of the review of related literature, the principal theory governing TOFD is discussed. A mathematical model is developed and different aspects have been compared. Advantages and disadvantages of its utilization are enumerated and specific applications are outlined. Recommendations and suggestions are made for future investigations and betterment of the procedure.

Non-destructive testing of welds in quality assurance of nuclear power plants components : Shivarov, K.; Kolarova, M.; Nichev, V. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23–28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1140–1142. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989.

Non-destructive testing of welds in quality assurance of nuclear power plants components : Shivarov, K.; Kolarova, M.; Nichev, V. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23–28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1140–1142. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989.

The non-destructive testing of welds in continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics

The non-destructive testing of welds in continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics

Nondestructive testing of welds

Nondestructive testing of welds

Non-destructive testing of welds in quality assurance of nuclear power plants components : Shivarov, K.; Kolarova, M.; Nichev, V. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on non-destructive testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23–28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1140–1142. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989

Non-destructive testing of welds in quality assurance of nuclear power plants components : Shivarov, K.; Kolarova, M.; Nichev, V. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on non-destructive testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23–28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1140–1142. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989

Non-Destructive testing of welds with the 3MA-analyzer : Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 257–264 (Jul. 1987)

For the microstructure and stress determination in the surface near region ( < 1 mm) micromagnetic non-destructive quantities can be used. This contribution gives an actual survey about the possibilities of determining non-destructively hardness and residual stress values in the weld region.

Non-destructive testing of welds with the 3MA-analyzer : Theiner, W.A.; Deimel, P. Nuclear engineering and design, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 257–264 (Jul. 1987)

The safety of prestressed civil structures such as bridges, dams, nuclear power plants, etc. directly involves the security of both environment and users. Health monitoring of the tensioning components, such as strands, tendons, bars, anchorage bolts, etc. is an important research topic and a challenging task bringing together the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and civil engineering communities. This paper deals with a guided ultrasonic wave procedure for monitoring the stress levels in seven-wire steel strands (15.7 mm in diameter). The mechanical and geometrical characteristics of the prestressed strands were taken into account for optimizing the measurement configuration and then the choice of the guided ultrasonic mode at a suitable frequency. Simplified acoustoelastic formulations were derived from the acoustoelasticity theory according to either calibration test or in situ measurement. The results from acoustoelastic measurements on the seven-wire steel strands are presented and discussed in the case of calibration tests and industrially prestressed strands. They show the potential and the suitability of the proposed guided wave method for evaluating the stress levels in the tested seven-wire steel strands.

The non-destructive testing of welds in continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics : Edwards G.R. Composites evaluation. Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on testing, evaluation and quality control of composites-TEQ 87, Guildford (United Kingdom), 22–24 Sep. 1987. pp. 3–10. Edited by J. Herriot. Butterworths, 1987

The non-destructive testing of welds in continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics : Edwards G.R. Composites evaluation. Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on testing, evaluation and quality control of composites-TEQ 87, Guildford (United Kingdom), 22–24 Sep. 1987. pp. 3–10. Edited by J. Herriot. Butterworths, 1987

Non-Destructive testing of welds with the 3MA-analyzer: 37405 Theiner, W.A.; Deimel, P. Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 257–264 (Jul. 1987)

Non-Destructive testing of welds with the 3MA-analyzer: 37405 Theiner, W.A.; Deimel, P. Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 257–264 (Jul. 1987)

Non-destructive testing of welds with the 3MA-analyzer

For the microstructure and stress determination in the surface near region ( < 1 mm) micromagnetic non-destructive quantities can be used. This contribution gives an actual survey about the possibilities of determining non-destructively hardness and residual stress values in the weld region.

New Design Criteria for USBR Penstocks

New design criteria for nonembedded and embedded penstocks as adopted by the Bureau of Reclamation are presented. Nonembedded penstocks include supported penstocks exposed to view and penstocks encased in a protective layer of concrete in which the concrete is not considered to contribute structural strength. The embedded penstocks are circular steel liners embedded in mass concrete in which the design load is distributed between the steel shell and the embedding concrete. These criteria are applicable to bends, but are not applicable to bifurcations, trifurcations, lateral branches, or tunnel liners. Use of higher strength steels for penstock installations dictated a reappraisal of allowable design stresses to take proper advantage of the higher yield points and the ultimate tensile strengths of these steels. The criteria consider design loads based on design conditions, methods of stress analysis, quality control of steel plates, quality control of fabrication and erection, and hazard of failure in setting allowable design stresses, methods of stress analysis, and requirements for hydrostatic pressure testing and nondestructive testing of welds.

Correlation of Discontinuities and Physical Properties in Steel Weldments

Nondestructive testing techniques are used to locate and define the shape and size of discontinuities in steel weldments. Ultimately the question that must be answered from these tests is, "Does the discontinuity affect the strength of the weld?" In the past, a heavy reliance has been placed upon service performance, experience, and engineering judgment. There is a tendency, and justifiably so, to error on the safe side. Flaws that have little effect on the performance of the weld are removed. This increases cost and may even damage the weld by the introduction of other flaws. In addition, there is a greater demand placed on weld reliability and performance for the minimum weight. Therefore, the need to know more precisely the effect of a flaw on weld performance has become more urgent. This has given rise to studies on the correlation between weld flaws and physical properties. In 1960 the Japanese produced a document on the nondestructive testing of welds and their strength.1 More recently, Professor R. B. McCauley of the Ohio State University has studied the effects of porosity in weldments. Mr. R. Newman of the British Welding Research Association has also published information on the significance of weld defects in relation to fatigue fracture.3 It is not the intent of this paper to present new information, but rather to review what is available and to point out some of the differences.

Non-destructive testing of welds: ultrasonic and radiographic methods

Non-destructive testing of welds: ultrasonic and radiographic methods