Non-conventional Resources Research Articles

A New Starches Extracted from Non- Conventional Sources are the Vogue for Pharmaceutical Industry: A Review

Industrially, starch is obtained from cereal grains such as wheat and maize (corn), or from tubers, such as potatoes, tapioca, and arrowroot, or from the pith of the sago plant. By far, the larger part of the starch is obtained from maize, wheat, potato, and tapioca. Starch is present in almost all the tissue such as leaves, roots, tubers, seeds, stems, flowers, etc. of green plants however there are some plants which are grown commercially for the starch which includes cereal such as wheat, corn, sorghum, and rice, tuber mainly potato, root like tapioca and arrowroot, stem of sago, and legume crops mainly pea. Worldwide production of an overview on applications of starch 142 starch is depending on the use of cereals as the raw materials. Normally starch from Conventional sources of starch include sources like cereal corps and legume seeds, tuber crops, and some root tubers is used in large amount in the field of pharmacy. Due to unbelievable increasing demand for starch some nonconventional starch resources have been investigated in recent Years.

Assessment of livestock husbandry practices and production constraints among smallholder mixed crop-livestock production systems in the Majang zone, southwest Ethiopia

Livestock production plays a significant role in improving the livelihoods of poor smallholder farmer households in the Majang zone. However, despite its importance, there is limited information on husbandry practices and constraints on livestock production to design and implement effective interventions to maximize productivity. The aim of this study was to assess husbandry practices and major constraints on livestock production in the Majang zone, southwest Ethiopia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a randomly selected sample of 168 households (HHs) through a face-to-face interview from January to May 2021. The results revealed that mixed crop-livestock farming is the dominant livestock production system in the study area. The overall average herd size per household (HH) was 2.15 ± 0.11 cattle, 0.15 ± 0.01 sheep, 0.31 ± 0.09 goats, 0.10 ± 0.02 donkey, 0.04 ± 0.00 mule, 0.13 ± 0.02 horses and 0.24 ± 0.02 chickens. Overall herd size did not differ significantly by AEZ except for sheep (p < 0.05). The primary reason for keeping cattle, goats, sheep, equines and poultry were milk production (27.4 %), meat for home consumption (33.9 %), cash income (33.3 %), transportation (85.1 %), and meat for home consumption (72 %), respectively. In the dry and wet seasons, natural pasture, crop residues, indigenous fodder trees and shrubs (IFTSs), nonconventional feed resources (NCFRs), crop stubbles and improved forages were the main livestock feed resources. The majority (60.1 %) of respondents practiced free-grazing systems. Separate sheds, family dwellings, kraals, and open-walled sheds were the main housing systems used for animals. The majority (79.2 %) of respondents used rivers as a source of livestock drinking water. Trypanosomiasis (18.45 %), African horse sickness (66.1 %) and Newcastle disease (47.02 %) were the most important diseases of livestock. Diseases (35.7 %), lack of access to artificial insemination (35.7 %) and inadequate veterinary services (11.3 %) were identified as the top three constraints limiting production. It is recommended that constraints identified by farmers should be considered in developing and implementing effective interventions to improve livestock productivity and their contribution to poverty alleviation in the study area.

Assessment of the Nutrient Value and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Garlic Peel, Sweet Potato Vine, and Cotton Straw

This experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient composition of three agricultural by-products, namely garlic peel, sweet potato vine, and cotton straw, calculate their relative feeding value, effective energy value, and other indexes, and comprehensively evaluate their nutrient value by combining with rumen in vitro fermentation technology, with the aim of providing data references for the development and utilization of non-conventional feed resources for ruminants. The results showed that: 1) the dry matter (DM), ash, ether extract (EE), and crude protein (CP) contents of cotton straw were significantly higher than the other two feeds (p &lt; 0.05), while the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of garlic peel were highly significantly higher than the others (p &lt; 0.05); 2) the relative feed value (DMI, DDM, TDN, RFV, and RFQ) and effective energy value (GE, DE, ME, NEm, NEg, and NEL) indexes of cotton straw were significantly higher than garlic peel and sweet potato vine (p &lt; 0.01); 3) after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, the dry matter degradation rate (IVDMD) of sweet potato vine was significantly higher than the other two feeds (p &lt; 0.01), and the cumulative gas productions (mL) and estimated gas parameters (a, b, a + b, and c) of sweet potato vine were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) higher than those of garlic peel and cotton straw; 4) the sweet potato vine had lower pH but higher NH3-N compared to garlic peel and cotton straw (p &lt; 0.05). The sweet potato vine had higher propionate, iso-butyrate, butyrate, iso-valerate, and total VFA than the other two roughages, which also had the lowest acetate-to-propionate ratio. Garlic peel produced the lowest acetate, while it produced the highest valerate (p &lt; 0.05). These findings demonstrate that all three by-products have high potential as livestock feed based on their nutritive value parameters. Comparatively, sweet potato vines exhibit higher feeding value due to their relatively moderate NDF content and superior rumen fermentation performance.

Impact of renewables on the Peruvian electricity system

Peru is committed by international agreements such as the Paris Agreement and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to reduce its Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. Although Peru began promoting power plant projects based on renewable energies in 2008, the institutional impulse seems to have ceased today. Nonetheless, adopting renewable energy sources not only aids in fulfilling these commitments but also reduces electricity prices, fostering a more competitive economy. This study aims to provide a thorough analysis and evaluation of the impact that integrating Non-Conventional Renewable Energy Resources (NCRER) has on Peru's wholesale electricity market. Specifically, it focuses on the net total savings for the system, calculated as the difference between the reduction in energy costs traded and the cost of the renewable premium. To reach that goal a simplified yet analytical tool has been developed based on a multivariable regression of the real data of the market. The volume of natural gas not consumed and the volume of GHG emissions avoided will also be evaluated. The results show that based on the 2021 scenario, a NCRER share of 28.26 % would lead to a net saving for the final users of 316.04 MUSD in the annual energy traded in the market. The reduction of conventional thermal generation prevents the annual burning of 2.04 normal km3 of natural gas and the emission of 4.99 million tons of CO2-eq. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that the impact of NCRER production in the Peruvian electricity system has been quantitatively evaluated.

How much does reclaimed wastewater cost? A comprehensive analysis for irrigation uses in the European Mediterranean context

ABSTRACT The new European Union regulation on the minimum requirements for the use of reclaimed water for irrigation entered into force in June 2023, thereby imposing concerns regarding the costs of this non-conventional resource for potential users in the context of increasing water scarcity in the Mediterranean region. This research offers a comprehensive cost assessment of reclaimed water production based on the financial information gathered from wastewater treatment plants located on the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia (Southern Spain). The results offer valuable information for policy-makers, water operators, and potential users to assess the economic viability of utilising reclaimed water as an alternative source to scarce conventional resources.

The Major Potential of Non-Conventional Feed Resources in Poultry Nutrition in Ethiopia: A Review

This review was conducted with the objective of assessing the major potential of non-conventional feed resources in poultry nutrition in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has a vast array of non-conventional feed resources that can be utilized in poultry nutrition. These resources have the potential to significantly contribute This review was conducted with the objective of assessing the major potential of non-conventional feed resources to the growth and development of the poultry industry in the country. Potentially available of non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) include plant materials, such as the leaves and seeds of Moringa, Cassava, Taro leaf, Mango seed kernels, Pigeon pea, potato peel and leaf and agro-industrial by-products like, Rice bran, Filter sugar cake and brewery grain. Most of these feedstuff materials are low in energy, protein and minerals. These feed resource contain high amounts of anti-nutritional component. Appropriate processing methods like soaking, boiling, or fermenting can help reduce these anti-nutritional factors, enhancing the digestibility and utilization of NCFR in poultry diets. There are also several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed in order to fully exploit the potential of these feed resources. Some of the common problems are like limited knowledge and awareness, lack of processing and preservation techniques, limited availability and seasonal variations, lack of infrastructure and storage facilities and limited research and data. To addressing these challenges through research, extension services, and policy support can help unlock the full potential of non-conventional feed resources in poultry nutrition in Ethiopia. This would not only contribute to improved productivity and profitability in the poultry sector but also enhance food security and sustainable agricultural practices in the country.

საქართველო - ევროპის და აზიის გზაჯვარედინი - მნიშვნელოვანი აქტორი რეგიონალურ ენერგეტიკულ ლანდშაფტში

Since independence, Georgia’s full-fledged integration into the European Union is not only the foreign policy goal of our country, but also the driving force for the construction and development of a democratic state. Georgia’s strategic location and possession of rich renewable, unconventional energy resources give us a unique chance to become a hub, a “middle corridor” and a conduit for “green energies”. Georgians are ready to use this opportunity for further alignment with the ambitious energy goals of the European Union and the “Green Agreement” of Europe. Our push towards the European Union has been preceded by intensive communication and cooperation on energy legislation, regulations and energy policy, as well as improving energy infrastructure. This is how the so-called mega-project of the 21st century – the Black Sea submarine cable project – was created. The initiative involved in the project is more than simple infrastructure development; It is a symbol of Georgia’s integration and interconnection with the European Union. The Black Sea submarine cable will not only enhance energy security and diversity, but also serve as a renewable energy exchange channel between Asia and Europe. The idea of the Black Sea submarine cable project was born in Georgia, and Georgian geologists carried out technical works to explore the bottom of the Black Sea. At the next stage, Azerbaijan, Romania and Hungary were included in this project. The most important agreement was signed by the representatives of all four countries. The purpose of our research is to determine in advance what economic benefits Georgia will receive during the implementation of this important project, and we will be able to export the energy of renewable resources of our country, if we remain only as a transit corridor, which is also very attractive, although less profitable. While working on the article, we evaluated the potential of Georgia’s renewable, non-traditional energy sources, their target indicators and characteristics. Based on the researched information, we developed conclusions and recommendations. Keywords: renewable, non-conventional energy resources, Black Sea submarine cable, energy security, “green energy”, European integration. VIEW ARTICLE

Exploring the Power of Non-Conventional Feed Resources in Animal Nutrition

Exploring the Power of Non-Conventional Feed Resources in Animal Nutrition

SMART LIVESTOCK FOR SCIENCE…12 months later

The fourth issue of Slovak Journal of Animal Science 2023 gives to me the opportunity to overview our scientific publishing activity after the first 12 months together. Along four issues, our Journal has been faced with many different aspects of animal farm production, among them mainly circular economy strategy, non-conventional feed resources, and community-based livestock programs. All these different aspects have a common point: boost and develop the livestock farming system, in terms of competitiveness and profitability. Looking at the different articles collected and published during this year, the incorporation of locally available novel feed resource alternatives can promote circular economy concepts, increase food security, and improve sustainable livestock production. By exploiting locally accessible resources, the inclusion of these materials in animal feed nutrition has significant potential to enhance livestock performance, lower production costs, and promote bioeconomy concepts.&#x0D; On the other hand, analysis of genomic data is an important resource for the effective management of small and endangered animal populations. The research activity of scientists has deeply been focused on developing breeding programs able to conserve animal biodiversity and monitor animal biodynamics.&#x0D; &#x0D; In the last Editorial article of 2023, I am going to introduce the contents of the articles collected and published in the fourth issue of 2023 year.&#x0D; Formelova et al. performed a study to evaluate the effect of dried hempseed cake (by-product of oil production) supplementation (5% - EG1 and 10% - EG2) to rabbit feed mixture on livestock performances, quality of meat, digestibility of nutrients and animal health status. All obtained data let Authors to recommend the inclusion of hempseed cake up to 10% in rabbit diet without any negative effect on animal welfare, livestock performance and quality of meat.&#x0D; Osaiyuwu et al. organized a study to provide useful information for the creation of sustainable breeding programmes and developing a sustainable use and conservation strategy aimed at developing highly producing Muscovy ducks in Nigeria; consequently, increasing the food security index of the nation and source of income for small-scale farmers. In general, the ducks from all seven ecogeographic locations were rather homogeneous than heterogeneous.&#x0D; Mekonnen et al., had the prime objective to survey and characterize the husbandry practices of the different indigenous sheep populations. Authors concluded the study claiming a need of feed development, shift to modern husbandry practices, access to veterinary services, indigenous sheep conservation through utilization, control of inbreeding, ram-to-ewe ratio, fattening and castration should be of future attention of farmers and stakeholders.&#x0D; Ajayi et al., to justify the use of duckweed as an alternative and novel aquatic-derived fodder in ruminants' feeding strategies, performed preliminary investigation via in vitro gas production technique. The study assessed the nutrient and mineral potential, secondary metabolites and in vitro gas production characteristics of duckweed to estimate the short-chain volatile fatty acids, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and apparent in vitro dry matter degradability. In conclusion, duckweed from earthen fish ponds is fairly degradable in vitro, and the nutrient contents elucidate its forage value for ruminants.&#x0D; Editorial Team looks forward to evaluating your submitted contributions and providing all necessary support to Authors in order to best serve animal science and the scientific community, with commitment to research integrity and the highest publishing ethics. Enjoy the reading!

Assessment of Nutritional Potential of Some Mixed Non-Conventional Feed Resources in Aliero Lga of Kebbi State, Nigeria

Non-conventional plant and animal origin of farm and agro industrial wastes are potential feed materials and are being exploited for livestock production in Nigeria. Thus an experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of millet panicle husk mixed with molasses solution and different levels of poultry dung. Millet panicle husks were measured using a weighing balance and prepared in to four different samples (A, B, C and D) each weighing 100g. A solution of molasses (70cL) was prepared with water (30cL) and mixed with the samples except with sample A (control). Thereafter, dried poultry dung was mixed to each four sample of millet panicle husk at; 0%, 20%, 30% and 40% to make a ratio; 100:00, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 designated as treatments; A, B, C and D. Samples were replicated three times in a completely randomized design and oven dried at 650C for 48 hours and were taken to the laboratory for proximate, fiber fractions, minerals and phytochemical analysis. Treatment of millet panicle husk with molasses and varying levels of poultry dung improved (p&lt;0.05) chemical composition of mixture. Treatment D had higher CP, ash, NCF and Na (19.25%, 11.00%, 43.65% and 20.00mg/g) respectively and lower CF (21.54%), ADF (33.20%) and ADL (9.09%) were obtained in treatment C. The phytochemical components (saponin, cyanide, tannin and phenolic) measured were also higher in treatment D (12.30%, 136.18mg/dl, 34.88mg/dl and 21.89mg/dl) respectively. Results suggested that mixture of molasses solution and poultry dung with millet panicle husk improved feeding value of millet panicle husk which may serves as ruminant feed during forage scarcity.

Wind generator and storage system scheduling for customer benefit and battery life

Due to increased fossil fuel use and fossil fuel limitations, the Indian energy industry is migrating to non-conventional energy resources such as solar power, wind production, and fuel cells, among others. The unpredictability of non-conventional energy sources makes it difficult to balance an electrical system when they are incorporated, necessitating the incorporation of a storage device into the grid. In a microgrid system with wind turbine generation (WTG) and a battery energy storage system (BESS), the BESS may reserve energy during periods of surplus generation and release it to the grid during times of peak demand. The suggested technique establishes the state of charge (SOC) schedule for the BESS by employing an artificial rabbit optimisation (ARO) algorithm that minimises energy costs for customers. The state of health (SOH) of the energy storage is incorporated as an ageing coefficient, which causes the BESS to behave conservatively in order to retain its lifespan. Using a time of use (TOU) tariff, simulation results suggest a substantial possibility to boost the savings of consumers in a grid-connected micro-grid. The simulation findings indicate that by efficiently scheduling the BESS power management technique, the proposed method improves a number of distribution system efficacy.

INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE MULTI-SERVICE MODELS TO BOOST LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEM

INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE MULTI-SERVICE MODELS TO BOOST LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEM

Source Rock Evaluation from Rock to Seismic Data: An Integrated Machine-Learning-Based Work Flow and Application in the Brazilian Presalt (Santos Basin)

The capacity to predict the occurrence and quality of source rocks in a sedimentary basin is of great economic importance in the evaluation of conventional and non-conventional petroleum resources. Direct laboratory examinations of rock samples are the most accurate way to obtain their geochemical properties. However, rock information is usually sparse, and source rocks are often sampled at positions that may not be representative of the average organic content and quality of oil kitchens. This work proposes a work flow supported by machine learning methods (random forest, DBSCAN, and NGBoost) to automate the source rock characterization process to maximize the use of available data, expand data information, and reduce data analysis time. From the automated quality control of the input data through the extrapolation of laboratory measurements to continuous well logs of geochemical properties, culminating in the 3D estimation of these properties, we generate volumes of total organic carbon (TOC) by applying machine learning techniques. The proposed method provides more accurate predictions, reducing uncertainties in the characterization of source rocks and assisting in exploratory decision making. This methodology was applied in the presalt source rocks from Santos Basin (Brazil) and allowed us to quantify the TOC distribution, improving the interpretation of the main source rock interval top and base based only on seismic amplitude data. The result suggests higher TOC values in the northern and western grabens of the studied area and a higher charge risk in the eastern area.

Organic pesticide from non-conventional natural resources

The new varieties of organic pesticides and their application as a substitute for chemical pesticides are the main topics of this paper. Due to the residue left on the vegetables, fruits, etc. which we consume on a daily basis, many of the contemporary, chemical pesticides being utilised today are reducing the soil fertility and negatively damaging human health. Study has shown that natural oils also work as pesticides but the emulsion of oil and water is big task so for that We need chemical based emulsifier so to avoid chemicals we are studying on various fruits and vegetable extracts which can be used as emulsifiers. According to the data of year 2020-21 Maharashtra leads with the 13243 MT of usage of pesticides. Orange peel extract contain chemicals such as saponins and flavonoids, which have the property of emulsifier for the emulsion of oil and water. After studying various papers, we found that orange peel extract can definitely work as emulsifier for oil and water emulsion. In this paper we got to know the presence of saponins with the help of froth test (test for saponins), test for flavonoids and the UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of the orange peel. In this we got the yield of orange peel extract using two different solvents. Paper tells us about the different analysis performed with the help of the parameters obtained for finding the presence of emulsifying properties present in orange peel.

Identification of non-conventional groundwater resources by means of machine learning in the Aconcagua basin, Chile

Study regionOur study region is the Aconcagua basin, central Chile. The catchment, home to over 500,000 people, currently experiences a multiyear drought that threatens water security. In this context, there is an impending need to explore unconventional groundwater resources, such as peripheral hard rock and deep aquifers. Study focusThe focus of this study is the application of machine learning techniques to identify areas of potentially untapped groundwater resources in the middle and upper reaches of the Aconcagua basin. New hydrological insights for the regionMachine learning classifiers accurately depict those areas known for their high groundwater potential, including the San Felipe, Putaendo, Panquehue, Catemu and Llay-Llay sectors. The Mesozoic sedimentary sequences and intrusive units of the coastal range, together with the Neogene units of the Andes range, are correctly identified as areas of very low hydrogeological interest. A major novelty of this study is the delineation of several new areas of potentially high groundwater prospect, namely, the geological domain associated with the Pocuro fault system, the Teatinos-Volcan-River fault system, and the Las Chilcas volcano-sedimentary sequence, in the Chacabuco Range. These findings are in line with the results of complementary studies, thus suggesting that machine learning applications may successfully underpin groundwater exploration across other groundwater basins in the coastal Andean region.

A Systematic Review on Bio-Based Phase Change Materials

Global warming and energy depletion are the main problems faced in recent years due to energy consumption by industries and the global population. Phase change materials (PCMs) with significant properties tend to store and release energy and fill the demand and supply gap. Most organic and inorganic PCMs are not considered environmentally eco-friendly when used for thermal energy storage (TES). Because they are formed from non-conventional energy resources, their carbon footmark and environmental effect are not ignored. To reduce problems, an urgent need for eco-friendly materials is required. Green substitute bio-based phase change materials (BPCMs) have gained extensive attention and are considered the best suitable replacement for organic and inorganic PCMs because BPCMs exhibit significant properties that are cost-effective, eco-friendly, renewable and convenient for thermal energy storage. However, the thermal conductivity of BPCMs is too low, which delays TES and heat transfer rates. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the reduction of low thermal conductivity problems with the help of highly conductive nanoparticles dispersed into the BPCMs and the fabrication methods of BPCMs composites. This article also provides information for futuristic researchers about the methods of fabrication and factors for enhancing the thermal conductivity of an eco-friendly BPCM composite and draws an important conclusion from the literature.

Horse Herd Optimized Intelligent Controller for Sustainable PV Interface Grid-Connected System: A Qualitative Approach

The need for energy is always increasing as civilization evolves. Renewable energy sources are crucial for meeting energy demands as conventional fuel resources are slowly running out. Researchers are working to extract the most amount of power possible from renewable resources. Numerous resources are in demand, including solar, wind, biomass, tidal, and geothermal resources. Solar energy outperformed all the aforementioned resources in terms of efficiency, cleanliness, and pollution freeness. Intermittency, however, is the resource’s main shortcoming. Maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) integration is required for the system to achieve continuous optimum power by overcoming the feature of intermittency. However, generating electrical energy from solar energy has presented a significant problem in ensuring the output power’s quality within a reasonable range. Total harmonic distortion (THD), a phenomenon, may have an impact on the power quality. Depending on the properties of the load, variables like power factor, voltage sag/swell, frequency, and unbalancing may occur. The quality of power and its criterion exhibits a non-linear connection. The article’s primary objective is to analyze the PV interface grid-linked system’s qualitative and quantitative performance. With respect to varying solar irradiation conditions, partial shading conditions, and solar power quality within the acceptable dimension, a novel intelligent multiple-objective horse herd optimization (HHO)-based adaptive fractional order PID (HHO-AFOPID) controller is used to achieve this goal. Adaptive fractional order PID (AFOPID), conventional FOPID, and PID controllers were used to evaluate the performance of the suggested controller, which was then validated using a commercially available PV panel in MATLAB/Simulink by varying the productivity of non-conventional resources, the inverter’s level of uncertainty, and the potential at the grid’s end. In order to realize the features of the system, sensitivity examination is also carried out for solar energy’s sensitive parameters. The stability analysis of the proposed control topology is also carried out in terms of the integral absolute error (IAE) and integral time absolute error (ITAE). The examination of the sensitivity of variations in solar radiation in kilowatt per square meter per day is based on the total net present cost (TNPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE), as optimal dimension and energy cost are both aspects of priority. The suggested control methodology is an approach for the qualitative and quantitative performance analysis of a PV interface grid-oriented system.

Performance evaluation of pilot-scale reverse osmosis spiral wound membrane for water desalination systems

Abstract The increasing scarcity of potable water increases the demand for non-conventional potable water resources such as desalination. Experiments are carried out using a pilot-scale device of the desalination process for three configurations of membrane allocation inside the pressure vessel. Configuration (A) is one pressure vessel containing one spiral wound membrane (SWM), (B) is four pressure vessels each containing one SWM connected in parallel, and (C) is one pressure vessel containing four membranes connected in parallel. The effect of applied pressure, temperature, and water salinity is studied. Moreover, a mathematical model using ANSYS Fluent was developed and verified using the experimental data. The mathematical model is applied to an idealized case of an actual desalination plant. The main findings are (1) configurations (B) and (C) accomplished higher permeate discharge comparing to (A) by an average percentage of 60 and 50, respectively, while (C) has the lowest output salinity by 30% from configuration (A). (2) The mathematical model is found to reduce the operating pressure of the plant by 8%.

Fault Detection in Windmills Using Augmented Reality

Aim:: Wind energy, being a non-conventional and sustainable renewable resource, provides electrical energy through the rotation of the blades of a wind turbine caused by wind impact. To ensure the sustainability of this resource, maintenance of the wind turbines is essential. Methods:: The incorporation of emerging technologies into the tedious processes has enabled quality improvement in the performance of systems. Augmented reality, which enhances the 3D digital content over the real world, may be used to leverage the tedious process of wind turbine maintenance by providing a user-friendly environment. Results/Discussion: AR utilization provides great insights into the problems occurring in specific parts of a wind turbine, thereby easing out the complexity of field workers. The objective is to create an augmented reality environment to monitor the proper functioning and detect the faultiness in a wind turbine with accuracy. Conclusion:: AR utilization can help facilitate better maintenance service, thereby increasing the life of a wind turbine.

P4 Use of non-conventional feed resources for improving the sustainability of the dual-purpose system

P4 Use of non-conventional feed resources for improving the sustainability of the dual-purpose system