Non-classical Boundary Conditions Research Articles

Free vibrations and dynamic behavior of the three layered flexoelectric functionally graded microbeam under moving load

In this study, free vibrations and the dynamic responses of the three layered flexoelectric functionally graded microbeam under the effect of moving load are investigated. Using the first order shear deformation and the size-dependent piezoelectricity theories in the framework of Hamilton's principle, the governing equations of motion and the corresponding classical and non-classical boundary conditions are obtained. Next, the equations of motion were discretized and solved using the finite element method. In order to validate the governing equations and the solution method, the obtained results have been compared with the results of previous studies, which shows a good convergence between the current and previous results. The obtained results demonstrate the dynamic behavior of the microbeam is strongly influenced by the geometrical ratios, the flexoelectric layers thickness, the functionally graded power index, the flexoelectric coefficient and the load velocity. So that the escalation in the strain gradient from the augmentation of the flexoelectric layers' thickness leads to a corresponding rise in the electric potential function. Moreover, as the flexoelectric coefficient increases, the microbeam becomes more responsive to polarization, thereby generating a greater amount of electrical energy. In addition, changes in the velocity of the moving load significantly affect the dynamic behavior of the structure in such a way that with the increase in the load velocity, the dynamic deflection of the structure increases.

Stability of solutions to the logistic equation with delay, diffusion and nonclassical boundary conditions

Stability of solutions to the logistic equation with delay, diffusion and nonclassical boundary conditions

Exploration of the effects of anisotropy and rotation on Rayleigh–Bénard convection of nanoliquid-saturated porous medium using general boundary conditions

This paper presents an analysis of Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) of a Newtonian-nanoliquid-saturated anisotropic porous medium in the presence of rotation (Rayleigh–Bénard–Taylor convection). The investigation is performed using non-classical boundary conditions. The effect of various parameters on the onset of convection is presented graphically. The system sees stabilisation due to an increase in the rotation rate and thermal anisotropy parameter whereas the system destabilises due to an increase in the mechanical anisotropy parameter. The results of 82 limiting cases can be extracted from the current work. The results of free-free, rigid-free and rigid-rigid isothermal/adiabatic boundaries are obtained from the present study by considering appropriate limits. The results of the limiting cases of the present study are in excellent agreement with those observed in earlier investigations.

A novel numerical approach to solutions of fractional Bagley-Torvik equation fitted with a fractional integral boundary condition

Abstract In this work, we present a sophisticated operating algorithm, the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method, to investigate the approximate numerical solutions for a specific class of fractional Begley-Torvik equations (FBTE) equipped with fractional integral boundary condition. Such fractional integral boundary condition allows us to understand the non-local behavior of FBTE along with the given domain. The algorithm methodology depends on creating an orthonormal basis based on reproducing kernel function that satisfies the constraint boundary conditions so that the solution is finally formulated in the form of a uniformly convergent series in ϖ 3 [ a , b ] {\varpi }_{3}\left[a,b] . From a numerical point of view, some illustrative examples are provided to determine the appropriateness of algorithm design and the effect of using non-classical boundary conditions on the behavior of solutions approach.

On an inverse boundary-value problem for the pseudohyperbolic equation with nonclassical boundary conditions

In this paper, we consider an inverse boundary-value problem for a fourth-order pseudohyperbolic equation with nonclassical boundary conditions. The primary purpose of the work is to study the existence and uniqueness of the classical solution of the considered inverse boundary-value problem. To investigate the solvability of the considered problem, we carried out a transformation from the original problem to some auxiliary equivalent problem with trivial boundary conditions. Furthermore, we prove the existence and uniqueness theorem for the auxiliary problem by the contraction mappings principle. Based on the equivalency of these problems, the existence and uniqueness of the classical solution of the original problem are shown.

Peridynamic correspondence model with strain gradient elasticity for microstructure dependent size effects

This study presents a peridynamic (PD) correspondence model with strain gradient elasticity (SGE) to capture size effect on strength of nano- and micro-scale structures. The classical elasticity theory lacking a length scale parameter does not account for the microstructure-dependent size effects. Strain Gradient (SG) elasticity is an extension of the classical elasticity with a length scale parameter(s) which can be linked to the microstructure of the material. Peridynamic theory introduces damage into the constitutive relations in a natural way by allowing for interactions of a material point within its horizon which is referred to as the internal length parameter. The correspondence model of the PD theory permits the incorporation of the constitutive relationship of SG theory. Therefore, the present approach combines the effects of PD and SGE length scale parameters on the stiffness and strength of the material. The resulting equations present two length parameters: the horizon of a material point in PD theory and the characteristic length in SGE theory. The PD equation of motion with SGE (PDSG) is free of spatial derivatives and allows for the imposition of classical and nonclassical boundary conditions. The PDSG is first applied to investigate the deformation response of a one-dimensional nanoscale film subjected to a quasi-static tensile load and a dynamic load through an initial constant strain. The static response is compared with the analytical solution for varying ratio of SG length parameter to PD horizon. The dynamic response is compared with a computational solution while satisfying the nonclassical boundary conditions. Subsequently, the PDSG is applied to study the deformation response of a two-dimensional nanoscale film subjected to a quasi-static axial load and a specified tangential end displacement. These two cases are considered under special displacement constraints to compare with the available analytical solutions. Subsequently, a two-dimensional nanoscale film with or without an internal crack is subjected to uniform tensile loading. Finally, crack propagation is simulated under incremental displacement loading. The results capture the analytical predictions and the expected increase in stiffness with increasing ratio of SG length parameter to PD horizon.

An Analytical Solution for the Bending of Anisotropic Rectangular Thin Plates with Elastic Rotation Supports

The mechanical analysis of thin-plate structures is a major challenge in the field of structural engineering, especially when they have nonclassical boundary conditions, such as those encountered in cement concrete road slabs connected by transfer bars. Conventional analytical solutions are usually limited to classical boundary conditions—clamped support, simple support, and free edges—and cannot adequately describe many engineering scenarios. In this study, an analytical solution to the bending problem of an anisotropic thin plate subjected to a pair of edges with free opposing elastic rotational constraints is found using a two-dimensional augmented Fourier series solution method. In the derivation process, the thin-plate problem can be transformed into a problem of solving a system of linear algebraic equations by applying Stoke’s transform method, which greatly reduces the mathematical difficulty of solving the problem. Complex boundary conditions can be optimally handled without the need for large computational resources. The paper addresses the exact analytical solutions for bending problems with multiple combinations of boundary conditions, such as contralateral free–contralateral simple support (SFSF), contralateral free–contralateral solid support–simple support (CFSF), and contralateral free–contralateral clamped support (CFCF). These solutions are realized by employing the Stoke transformation and adjusting the spring parameters in the analyzed solutions. The results of this method are also compared with the finite element method and analytical solutions from the literature, and good agreement is obtained, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method. The significance of the study findings lies in the simplification of complex nonclassical boundary condition problems using a simple and reliable analytical method applicable to a wide range of engineering thin-plate structures.

A comparative analysis of the vibrational behavior of various beam models with different foundation designs

This article discusses the modal behavior of elastically constrained beams under various types of foundations and provides insights into the effects of different factors on the eigenfrequencies of beams. Numerical and analytical techniques, specifically the Galerkin finite element method (GFM) and the separation of variables, are utilized to determine the eigenfrequencies and mode shapes of beams. Modal analysis of Timoshenko, shear, Rayleigh, and Euler-Bernoulli beams that are elastically constrained and resting on Winkler, Pasternak, and Hetényi foundations, considering non-classical boundary conditions, is included in the study. The effects of factors such as flexural rigidity, transverse modulus, and Winkler foundation constant on natural frequencies of different beam models are investigated. The proposed method efficiently converges to the exact solution without shear locking in the stiffness element. The results demonstrate that the natural frequencies of the beam rise because of the shear layer, flexural rigidity, and foundation constant. Furthermore, the Hetényi elastic foundation affects the natural frequency of the beam, depending on the relative values of beam stiffness and foundation stiffness. Additionally, incorporating both shear deformation and rotary inertia has a greater impact on the eigenfrequencies of Euler-Bernoulli beams compared to incorporating only one of these effects. The findings of this work provide valuable insights into the behavior of beams under different foundation conditions and have potential applications in the design and optimization of structures incorporating beams, thereby enhancing the understanding of beam analysis.

Impact of surface/interface elasticity on the propagation of torsional vibration in piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite and anisotropic medium

This work has explored surface/interface theory-based torsional wave propagation in a piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) layer on top of a functionally graded elastic substrate. PFRC is assumed to be composed of piezoelectric fiber and epoxy matrix. Micro-mechanical investigations have been performed to determine the coefficients of PFRC using strength of materials (SM) and rule of mixtures (RM) techniques. The dispersion relation for the torsional wave under nonclassical boundary conditions is determined using surface/interface theory. The effects of surface/interface, fiber volume fractions, and heterogeneities on the phase velocity and the mode shapes of the wave have been demonstrated graphically.

Vibration of an axially moving string with nonclassical boundary conditions subjected to harmonic excitation based on the method of multiple scales

Vibration of an axially moving string with nonclassical boundary conditions subjected to harmonic excitation based on the method of multiple scales

Dynamic BEM analysis of elastic anisotropic nano‐sheet with surface imperfections and cavities

AbstractThe paper considers elastic anisotropic nano‐sheet with nanotopography and containing embedded nanocavities under time‐harmonic in‐plane wave motion. The mechanical model is based on the classical elastodynamic theory for the anisotropic bulk solid and the nonclassical boundary conditions along its boundary derived by Gurtin and Murdoch. A localized constitutive equation for the half‐plane boundary is considered in the frame of surface elasticity theory. The computational tool is an efficient direct displacement boundary element method (BEM) based on the frequency‐dependent elastodynamic fundamental solution for elastic generally anisotropic material. To show the versatility of the proposed methodology, wave propagation in an elastic anisotropic heterogeneous nano‐sheet with nanorelief presented by hill‐canyon nanotopography is studied. The simulations illustrate the dependence of the wave field on the material anisotropy, on the surface elasticity properties, on the nanorelief peculiarities, on the nanocavities existence and their dynamic interaction, and on the incident wave characteristics. The obtained results reveal the potential of the developed mechanical model based on the boundary integral equations in the frame of surface elasticity theory to produce highly accurate results by using strongly reduced discretization mesh in comparison with the domain‐based methods.

On the solvability of direct and inverse problems for a generalized diffusion equation

This paper delves into both direct and two inverse source problems associated with a diffusion equation featuring integral convolution over time, while considering non-classical boundary conditions. The inverse source problems are shown to exhibit ill-posed characteristics in accordance with Hadamard’s definition. A bi-orthogonal function system is employed to express series solutions for the inverse source problems. By imposing specific conditions on the provided data, we establish the existence of unique series solutions. Several special cases of the diffusion equation are presented, depending on the nature of the memory kernel. Furthermore, to illustrate the findings regarding inverse source problems, we provide specific examples.

Peridynamics with strain gradient for modeling carbon nanotube under static and dynamic loading

This study couples peridynamic (PD) theory with strain gradient elasticity (SGE) theory to investigate the combined effect of PD and SGE length scale parameters on size effect. The SGE theory introduces a length scale parameter in the stress–strain relations to account for size effect. The solution to the classical form of SGE equation of motion requires two additional non-classical boundary conditions arising from the presence of fourth-order spatial derivatives. The wave dispersions level off as the wave number increases as observed in real materials. The PD theory allows for nonlocal interactions of a material point within its horizon which serves as the PD length scale parameter. The equation of motion emerges in the form of an integral equation and the internal forces are expressed through nonlocal interactions (bonds) between the material points within a continuous body. It is a reformulation of classical continuum mechanics which is free of spatial derivatives. The numerical results concern a previously considered carbon nanotube (CNT). Under quasi-static axial loading, the results indicate an increased strengthening effect along the length of the tube. Under dynamic loading, its longitudinal vibration response is captured through explicit time integration. The numerical predictions capture the reference solutions corresponding to the classical SGE equation.

Free-field wave motion in an inhomogeneous elastic half-plane with surface elasticity effects

Elastic wave propagation in аn inhomogeneous half-plane with surface elasticity effects is studied in this paper. All three types of travelling body waves are considered, namely pressure, vertically polarized shear and horizontally polarized shear waves propagating under time-harmonic conditions. Along the half-plane boundary, a localized constitutive law within the framework of the Gurtin-Murdoch theory is introduced, resulting in non-classical boundary conditions as opposed to the simple traction-free conditions of classical elasticity. The free-field wave motion is analytically derived here by using the wave decomposition technique, in conjunction with appropriate functional transformations for the displacement vector. Next, a series of parametric studies serves to identify the differences in the free field motion between that for the inhomogeneous half-plane with surface elasticity and the reference case of a homogeneous material with a traction-free surface. Finally, the dependence of the free-field wave motion as it develops in the material on the level of inhomogeneity and on the magnitude of the localized surface elasticity parameters, as well as on the type of travelling waves, is quantified in this work.

The exact characteristic equation of frequency and mode shape for transverse vibrations of non-uniform and non-homogeneous Euler Bernoulli beam with general non-classical boundary conditions at both ends

The exact characteristic equation of frequency and mode shape for transverse vibrations of non-uniform and non-homogeneous Euler Bernoulli beam with general non-classical boundary conditions at both ends

Loading Devices and Non-classical Boundary Conditions

Loading Devices and Non-classical Boundary Conditions

Effects of non-classical boundary conditions on the free vibration response of a cantilever Euler-Bernoulli beams

1. Paulo J. Paupitz G, Michael J. Brennan, Andrew Peplow, Bin Tang. Calculation of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of an Euler–Bernoulli beam which has any combination of linear boundary conditions. Journal of vibration and control. 2019;25(18):2473–2479. https://doi.org/10.1177/107754.... CrossRef Google Scholar

Positive weak solutions for heterogeneous elliptic logistic BVPs with glued Dirichlet-Neumann mixed boundary conditions

<abstract><p>This article concerns the existence of positive weak solutions of a heterogeneous elliptic boundary value problem of logistic type in a very general annulus. The novelty of this work lies in considering non-classical mixed glued boundary conditions. Namely, Dirichlet boundary conditions on a component of the boundary, and glued Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions on the other component of the boundary. In this paper we perform a complete analysis of the existence of positive weak solutions of the problem, giving a necessary condition on the $ \lambda $ parameter for the existence of them, and a sufficient condition for the existence of them, depending on the $ \lambda $-parameter, the spatial dimension $ N \geq 2 $ and the exponent $ q > 1 $ of the reaction term. The main technical tools used to carry out the mathematical analysis of this work are variational and monotonicity techniques. The results obtained in this paper are pioners in the field, because up the knowledge of the autor, this is the first time where this kind of logistic problems have been analyzed.</p></abstract>

Highly Efficacious Sixth-Order Compact Approach with Nonclassical Boundary Specifications for the Heat Equation

This paper suggests an accurate numerical method based on a sixth-order compact difference scheme and explicit fourth-order Runge–Kutta approach for the heat equation with nonclassical boundary conditions (NCBC). According to this approach, the partial differential equation which represents the heat equation is transformed into several ordinary differential equations. The system of ordinary differential equations that are dependent on time is then solved using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. This study deals with four test problems in order to provide evidence for the accuracy of the employed method. After that, a comparison is done between numerical solutions obtained by the proposed method and the analytical solutions as well as the numerical solutions available in the literature. The proposed technique yields more accurate results than the existing numerical methods.

Stochastic analysis of small-scale beams with internal and external damping

Random flexural vibrations of small-scale Bernoulli–Euler beams with internal and external damping are investigated in the paper. Such a kind of problem occurs in design and optimization of structural components of smart miniaturized electromechanical systems. Internal damping is related to the viscoelastic stress–strain law describing the beam time-dependent behavior while the external damping represents the interaction between the structure and the surrounding viscous environment. In the proposed formulation, Boltzmann superposition integral and fractional-order viscoelasticity are exploited to capture the above mentioned non-conventional phenomena. Size effects caused by long range interactions arising at small-scale are also taken into account and modeled by means of an integral nonlocal formulation based on the stress-driven approach. Moreover, in order to reproduce stochastic vibrations of small-size devices, such as resonators and sensors, the external loading are modeled by taking into account their random nature. The relevant dynamic problem is thus described by a fractional-order stochastic partial differential equation in space and time equipped with standard and non-classical boundary conditions. A proper differential eigenanalysis for the nonlocal viscoelastic bending problem is performed to find the modal shapes and closed-form expressions of power spectral density and stationary variance of displacements are provided. The proposed methodology, accounting for size-effects, hereditariness behaviors, viscous properties of surrounding environment and randomness of external loadings, is suitable to model and capture the effective behavior of miniaturized devices. The presented theoretical findings and numerical outcomes show the influence of size-effects and viscoelastic parameters on the structural response.