Non-capital Regions Research Articles

The Number of Practicing Nurses Required to Resolve Differences in Staffing Levels between Capital and Non-capital Regions and the Relationship of Regional Differences in Staffing and Salary

The Number of Practicing Nurses Required to Resolve Differences in Staffing Levels between Capital and Non-capital Regions and the Relationship of Regional Differences in Staffing and Salary

비수도권 대도시 환자의 수도권 입원서비스 이용에 관한 연구 -부산광역시 거주환자를 중심으로-

비수도권 대도시 환자의 수도권 입원서비스 이용에 관한 연구 -부산광역시 거주환자를 중심으로-

Impact of Disability Status on Mortality in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Nationwide Study Focusing on Regional Disparities.

Disparities in mortality according to disability status require investment, as individuals with disabilities form the largest subset of the vulnerable population. This study aimed to investigate the association between mortality and disability status in patients with gastric cancer as well as how regional disparities modify this relationship. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance claims database in South Korea for the period of 2006-2019. The outcome measures were all-cause 1-year, 5-year, and overall mortality. The main variable of interest was disability status, categorized into "no disability", "mild disability", and "severe disability". A survival analysis based on the Cox proportional hazards model was conducted to analyze the association between mortality and disability status. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to region. Of the 200,566 study participants, 19,297 (9.6%) had mild disabilities, and 3243 (1.6%) had severe disabilities. Patients with mild disabilities had higher 5- and overall mortality risks, and those with severe disabilities had higher 1-year, 5-year, and overall mortality risks than those without disabilities. These tendencies were generally maintained regardless of the region, but the magnitude of the differences in the mortality rates according to disability status was higher in the group residing in non-capital regions than in the group living in the capital city. Disability status was associated with all-cause mortality in patients with gastric cancer. The degree of the differences in mortality rates among those with "no disability", "mild disability", and "severe disability" was augmented in the group residing in non-capital regions.

Adolescents’ Digital activity and its Correlation with Cognitive-Emotional Features, School Performance, and Social and Age Factors: Cross-Sectional Study

Background. The study of digital activity correlation with cognitive-emotional features, as well as with other parameters of adolescents’ life-activity in non-capital regions of Russian Federation remains relevant.Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the digital activity structure in adolescents and its correlation with cognitive-emotional features, school performance and social and age factors.Methods. Participants are secondary school students of the 8th–11th grades. Digital activity was examined via online survey among adolescents. We took into account the use of social media, information search, watching videos on the Internet, using of messengers, playing games with electronic devices. Cognitive features (memory, thinking, executive functions, sensory information procession, reading and speech, understanding of emotions, decision-making) and emotional state of adolescents (anxiety) were evaluated by clinical psychologists via various tests. School performance was determined by the recent results of the school quarters/semester finished by the time of the survey. Social and age factors included regular out-of-school physical activity and family structure (complete/ incomplete).Results. We have examined 438 teenagers. 53 (12%) respondents spend more than 5 hours a day with digital devices on weekdays, 133 (30%) — on weekends, 147 (34%) — during the holidays. Structure of digital activity during weekdays (≥ 1 hour) among adolescents was the following: activity in social media prevailed (63.5% of respondents), fewer teenagers searched for information or watched videos on the Internet (47.3 and 42.9%, respectively), about a third (34.9%) played via electronic devices. Structure of digital activity changed over the weekend and during the holidays. We have revealed differences between the information search activity and the volume of short-time memory, understanding the verbal messages, and verbal-logical operations level. Adolescents with different levels of computer gaming activity have shown diversity in sensomotor reaction speed, visuospatial memorization accuracy, number of errors in high-speed reading, reading pace, and understanding text basic meaning.Conclusion. The greater time of digital activity among 8th–11th grades students is associated with negative results of cognitive activity and school performance.

국가균형발전계획 수립절차의 실무적 개선방안에 관한 연구 : 시 · 도발전계획을 중심으로

Governments in the past have been putting in efforts to resolve the issue of imbalance between capital and non-capital regions, as well as cities and rural areas by pursuing diverse policies for diverse balanced developments, such as enacting 「Special Act On Balanced National Development」 and etc. However, centralization of metropolitan areas, and rural areas falling behind in comparison continued, which made it difficult to maintain the nation’s sustainable growth without achieving the policy objective of balanced regional developments.BR With this background, this study projected medium and long term visions and goals of balanced regional developments onto the formulation of city/do development plans, and furthermore sought practical improvement measures in regard to the participation of local governments that possess autonomous rights in districts under jurisdiction.BR First, systematic procedures of collecting feedbacks from city/do must be established in regard to the guidelines, deliberations and voting that are required when formulating city/do development plans. Second, city/do/gu should be given opportunities to systematically participate in the planning stages of the balanced development. Third, the effect of balanced development policy should be heightened by enacting ordinances that are related to the Special Act On Balanced National Development.BR In case of developing plans for certain regions, there might be consistency issues in regard to other adjacent and higher plans that are based on other legislations. Therefore, the planning supremacy of metropolitan and local governments that have jurisdictions over corresponding regions should ultimately be strengthened.

SME efficiency in transforming regional business research and innovation investments into innovative sales output

ABSTRACT Based on data provided by the Regional Innovation Scoreboard on 23 capital and 184 non-capital regions in Europe, slacks-based models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) reveal that the efficiency by which business research and innovation inputs are converted at regional-level aggregated innovative sales output in small and medium-sized enterprises was significantly lower in capital regions in the period 2006–14. In view of efficiency maximization, a majority of the capital regions overinvest in non-research and development innovation activities, are over-specialized in knowledge-intensive industries, and fall behind in converting research and innovation inputs in intermediary intellectual property outcomes.

A Study on the Effect of Cooperative Industrial Relations on Corporate Performance - Analysis of the Mediating Effect of HRM System and Comparative Study of Corporate in Capital and Non-Capital Regions -

4차 산업혁명이 시작되며 기업들은 조직의 생존과 유지를 위해 새로운 기술·서비스·제품개발을 통한 성과제고를 위해 노력하고 있으며 이에 핵심요인은 인적자원에 해당한다. 이에 따라 조직들은 다양한 인적자원관리 제도를 도입·개선 등을 통해 인적자원에 대한 투자를 늘려가는 추세이다. 그러나 제도의 도입·개선에 앞서 조직(사)과 구성원(노) 중 일방적 결정은 긍정적 효과보다는 역효과를 나타낼 가능성이 존재하기 때문에 협력적인 노사관계를 구축하는 것 또한 매우 중요한 요소에 해당한다(채주석, 2019). 이를 고려하여 본 연구는 협력적 노사관계가 인적자원관리제도의 도입과 기업의 전반적인 성과에 미치는 영향의 파악과 인적자원관리제도의 매개 효과를 검증했으며, 기업의 지역적 위치(수도권 유무)를 구분하여 추가 분석하였다. 분석결과 주요변수 간 관계에 있어 기업의 지역적 위치는 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 함의를 제안하였다.

The effects of the entrance motivation of university in the non-capital regions students on employment related to major and job satisfaction with college life satisfaction as a mediator

목적 본 연구는 지방대학생의 입학동기가 대학생활만족을 매개로 전공 관련 취업 및 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 방법 본 연구는 가장 최근 공개된 자료인 2019년 대졸자직업이동경로조사를 활용하였고 지방대학교 졸업자 5,975명을 대상으로 t-검증과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 유의수준은 95%이다. 결과 첫째 지방대학교에 입학한 동기가 전공분야에 학업을 위한 그룹과 수능 성적에 맞춘 그룹으로 나누어 볼 때 두 그룹의 대학생활만족, 전공 관련 취업, 직무만족은 차이가 있으며 전공분야에 학업을 위한 그룹에서 모두 높게 나타났다. 둘째 전공분야에 학업을 위한 그룹이 수능 성적에 맞춘 그룹에 비해 대학생활만족, 전공 관련 취업, 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향이 주고 있었다. 셋째 대학생활만족이 입학동기와 전공 관련 취업과 내재적 직무만족의 관계에서 매개효과를 보였다. 결론 지방대학생의 입학 동기는 대학생활의 만족뿐 아니라 장기적으로 취업과 직무만족을 높이는 매우 중요한 요인으로 검증되었다. 그리고 지방대학생의 대학생활만족은 입학동기와 취업과 직무만족의 관계에서 긍정적인 매개효과를 보이고 있다. 이로 인해 지방대학교에 입학하는 학생들은 장기적인 안목을 가지고 본인의 흥미에 맞는 전공을 공부할 수 있는 지방대학교를 선택해야 한다는 것이 증명되었다. 그리고 대학생활만족을 높이는 것이 중요하기 때문에 지방대학교는 학생들의 입장에서 양질의 수업과 복지를 제공하도록 노력해야 하겠다. 이 결과는 지방대학교 입학생들이 지방대학교에 입학을 할 때 가장 우선 고려해야 할 내용을 검증하였으며, 지방대학교와 정부의 정책 수립에도 기여하리라 생각한다.

The Effect of Career Preparation Behavior of University Management and Career Preparation Behavior of Personal Management influencing on Employment and Decent Jobs of University students in the non-capital regions

The Effect of Career Preparation Behavior of University Management and Career Preparation Behavior of Personal Management influencing on Employment and Decent Jobs of University students in the non-capital regions

지방자치단체 및 수도권과 비수도권, 권역별 인구분포 비중에 대한 추론

본 연구는 우리나라 주민등록인구의 지방자치단체 및 수도권과 비수도권 인구 불균형 분포에 대한 분석에 목적이 있다. 2020년 12월을 기점으로, 본 연구에서는 2100년까지의 80년간 전국인구 대비 지방자치단체 및 수도권과 비수도권 인구 비중에 대한 장래 분포를 예측하였다. 예측 결과를 가지고 지방자치단체 및 수도권과 비수도권 인구 불균형이 매우 심각함을 알 수 있다. 2019년 11월 우리나라 인구가 51,851,427명으로 최고점을 찍은 후에, 인구 데드크로스 현상이 발생하였다. 그 영향으로 처음으로 우리나라 인구가 22,404명 감소하였고, 우리나라 인구는 2020년 12월에 51,829,023명이 되었다. 우리나라 수도권과 비수도권의 인구의 비중이 2020년 12월에 51% 대 49% 정도였다. 그러나 수도권과 비수도권의 인구의 비중이 2100년에는 62.7% 대비 37.3%로 격차가 심각하게 벌어진다는 것이다. 이는 지방자치단체 및 수도권과 비수도권 인구 불균형의 매우 편파적인 인구분포로 변해 가고 있음을 예고하고 있다.

Modern trends in the economic differences between countries and within them: comparison of the world and the European Union

This article aims to test empirically two popular hypotheses about territorial economic differences in the modern world. According to the first hypothesis, economic differences between countries in the modern world are not as large as regions’ differences within countries. According to the second hypothesis, the decline in the degree of economic differences between countries is due to the relatively faster economic development of capital regions. Investigation of the economic differences on various territorial levels realized applying the method of comparing the coefficient of variation of the income of the population. The source of the empirical data for this research is the Sub-national Human Development Index (SHDI) database created by the Netherlands Institute for Management Research of the Radboud University, which contains such indicator as Income index of SHDI in the inner regions of 161 countries in the world for the period from 2000 to 2017. A comparison of economic differences at different territorial levels revealed that in the 21st century, neither in the world as a whole nor in the EU regions’ differences within countries are higher than differences between countries. However, starting with 2015 the economic differences between inner regions of the EU countries began to outweigh the economic differences between countries themselves, and this is the specifics of the European Union. In the 21st century, both inter-country and intra-country regional economic differences in the EU countries are significantly lower than in the world as a whole. The economic importance of non-capital regions is gradually increasing in the EU, although for the time being the EU (and probably the world as a whole) still characterized by the economic growth, which is based mainly at the expense of capital regions.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 among university students in Japan and associated factors: An online cross-sectional survey.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly altered peoples’ daily lives, and it continues spreading as a crucial concern globally. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID-19 are related to individuals’ adherence to government measures. This study evaluated KAP toward COVID-19 among university students in Japan between May 22 and July 16, 2020, via an online questionnaire, and it further investigated the associated determining KAP factors. Among the eligible respondents (n = 362), 52.8% were female, 79.0% were undergraduate students, 32.9% were students whose major university subjects were biology-related, 35.4% were from the capital region, and 83.7% were Japanese. The overall KAP of university students in Japan was high. All respondents (100%) showed they possessed knowledge on avoiding enclosed spaces, crowded areas, and close situations. Most respondents showed a moderate or higher frequency of washing their hands or wearing masks (both at 96.4%). In addition, 68.5% of respondents showed a positive attitude toward early drug administration. In the logistic regressions, gender, major subjects, education level, nationality, residence, and psychological factors (private self-consciousness and extroversion) were associated with knowledge or attitudes toward COVD-19 (p < 0.05). In the logistic and multiple linear regressions, capital regions, high basic knowledge, high information acquisition, correct information explanations contributed positively to preventative action (p < 0.05). Non-capital regions, male gender, non-bio-backgrounds, high public self-consciousness, high advanced knowledge, incorrect information explanations, and high extroversion contributed negatively to self-restraint (p < 0.05). Moreover, self-restraint was decreasing over time. These findings clarify the Japanese university students’ KAP and the related factors in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and they may help university managers, experts, and policymakers control the future spread of COVID-19 and other emerging infections.

The Impact of High-Speed Railways on Unequal Accessibility Based on Ticket Prices in Korea

The high-speed railway (HSR) has affected accessibility at diverse spatial levels. Although previous studies have examined HSR impacts on accessibility and inequality, the price attribute in estimating accessibility is less noted. This study evaluates the effects of HSR on unequal accessibility at the South Korean national level, capital and non-capital regions and according to urban population sizes by comparing ticket prices to time values. There are two major conclusions of this study. First, an increase in time value through national growth or other exogenous conditions maximizes HSR impact and, thus, increases accessibility. For example, when the time value is 9.98 USD/h, the national HSR access inequality is reduced by 0.56%. However, when the time value is 6.02 USD/h, the reduction in the national inequality by the HSR is 0.19%. Second, if considering generalized travel time, HSR impact is maximized in medium cities rather than in large cities. When the time value is 6.02 USD/h (or 9.98 USD/h), the change in inequality between cities is −0.4% (−1.29%) in medium cities, while large cities show a −0.08% (−0.9%) reduction in access inequality.

A Study on Improvement of Disclosure Pricing Confirmation using Housing Market and Urban Characteristics

본 연구의 목적은 공시가격에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 지가변동률을 이용하여 공시가격 결정의 문제점에 대한 개선방안을 제언하는데 있다. 연구의 방법으로 지가변동에 영향을 미치는 주택 및 도시 특성요인을 선행연구 등을 통해 파악하고, 지역(서울·수도권, 비수도권)간의 차이를 밝혀 공시가격 결정시 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 분석을 위한 공간적 범위는 전국 228개 시·군·구이며, 시간적 범위는 지가변동률을 포함한 13개의 주택 및 도시 특성변수들로 최근 5년간의 평균값을 사용하였다. 분석은 다중공선성을 제거하기 위한 상관분석과 다중회귀분석을 활용하였다. 분석결과, 지가변동률에 영향을 미치는 유의한 변수로는 서울·수도권의 경우 아파트 분양가격, 청약경쟁률, 인구증가율, 계획적 개발도시 더미, 공동주택 공시가격 더미변수이며, 비수도권은 아파트 분양가격, 청약경쟁률, 인구증가율, 미분양 주택 수, 토지거래 면적, 공동주택 공시가격 더미변수인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 서울·수도권과 비수도권 지역 간 지가변동 요인에 차이가 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 과세의 기준이 되는 공시가격 결정에 대해 지가변동의 지역 간 차이를 반영한 공시가격제도 개선방안이 요구된다는 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to suggest ways to improve the issue of public price determination using land price volatility rate. To do so, this study attempted to identify the characteristics of housing and urban characteristics that influence land price fluctuations through previous studies and the differences between regions(seoul·metropolitan, and non-capital). And then to suggest an improvement plan for the disclosure price determination. (2) RESEARCH METHOD The spatial range for the analysis of this study was 228 cities, counties, and districts, and the temporal range was used the average value during the last five years on 13 housing and urban characteristic variables including the variability of land price. The analysis used correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to remove multicollinearity. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS As a result, the statistically significant variables affecting land price volatility were found to be apartment sale price, subscription competition rate, population growth rate, planned developed city(dummy), and public housing listed price(dummy). The non-capital area was found to be the variable of apartment sale price, subscription competition rate, population growth rate, number of unsold homes, land transaction area, and public housing price(dummy). 2. RESULTS As a result, it was confirmed that there are differences in land price fluctuation factors each region such as seoul·metropolitan region, and non-capital regions. In order to determine the published price that is basic of tax, this paper suggest that policy implications and improvement of disclosure pricing system reflecting regional differences on land price fluctuations should be needed.

Korea’s cultural industry clusters 20 years on: evolving policy and practice

ABSTRACT Since 2000 South Korea has implemented discontinuous local cultural and creative industry (CCI) cluster and development policies, especially in non-capital regions. The number of CCIs has increased, but to different extents in different regions, and labour productivity has improved. Disparities between the capital and non-capital regions have, however, increased notwithstanding the goal of balanced regional development. Challenges therefore remain. In future, more attention should be paid to cultural genre and local cultural specificity and to research and development and innovation capacity with a new policy scheme based on a quadruple helix approach.

A Decomposition of the Gap between the Capital and Non-Capital Regions in the Inequality of Wealth

A Decomposition of the Gap between the Capital and Non-Capital Regions in the Inequality of Wealth

A Decomposition of the Gap between the Capital and Non-Capital Regions in the Inequality of Wealth

A Decomposition of the Gap between the Capital and Non-Capital Regions in the Inequality of Wealth

An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Employment Outcomes of female college students in the non-capital regions.

An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Employment Outcomes of female college students in the non-capital regions.

Heterogeneity and Spatial Dependence of Regional Growth in the EU: A Recursive Partitioning Approach

Abstract We use model-based recursive partitioning to assess heterogeneity of growth and convergence processes based on economic growth regressions for 255 European Union NUTS2 regions from 1995 to 2005. Spatial dependencies are taken into account by augmenting the model-based regression tree with a spatial lag. The starting point of the analysis is a human-capital-augmented Solow-type growth equation similar in spirit to Mankiw et al. (1992, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 407-437). Initial GDP and the share of highly educated in the working age population are found to be important for explaining economic growth, whereas the investment share in physical capital is only significant for coastal regions in the PIIGS countries. For all considered spatial weight matrices recursive partitioning leads to a regression tree with four terminal nodes with partitioning according to (i) capital regions, (ii) non-capital regions in or outside the so-called PIIGS countries and (iii) inside the respective PIIGS regions furthermore between coastal and non-coastal regions. The choice of the spatial weight matrix clearly influences the spatial lag parameter while the estimated slope parameters are very robust to it. This indicates that accounting for heterogeneity is an important aspect of modeling regional economic growth and convergence.

지역 거점도시 식별 및 상호작용에 따른 영향권역 설정에 관한 연구

While the competitiveness of small and medium sized cities has become important for balanced development at the national scale, they have experienced continuous decline in population and employment, particularly those in non-capital regions. In addition, some of small and medium sized cities have been classified into shrinking cities that have declined due to their long-term structural reasons. To address these issues, a regional approach, by which a hub city and its surrounding small and medium sized cities can collaborate has been suggested. Given this background, the purpose of this study is to identify and delineate hub cities and their impact areas by using travel data as a functional network index. This study uses a centrality index to identify the hub cities of small and medium sized cities and Markov-chain model and cluster analysis to delineate regional boundaries. The mean first passage time (MFPT) generated from the Markov-chain model can be interpreted as functional distance of each region. The study suggests a methodological approach delineating the boundaries of regions incorporating functional relationships of hub cities and their impact areas, and provides 59 hub cities and their impact areas. The results also provide policy implications for regional spatial planning that addresses appropriate planning boundaries of regions for enhancing the economic competitiveness of small and medium sized cities and ensuring services for shrinking cities.