Nominate Subgenus Research Articles

A new species of the genus Nalassus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini) from the Baltic amber

The first Eocene species of the tribe Helopini, Nalassus klebsi sp. nov., from the Baltic amber is described. The new species is included in the nominative subgenus and similar to the extant species N. dermestoides (Illiger) and N. laevioctostriatus (Goeze), from which it differs in the shape of eyes (eyes are considerably less transverse than in living Palearctic species of the genus Nalassus Mulsant), the shape of the pronotum with acute posterior angles (other Palearctic Nalassus have obtuse or straight pronotal angles) as well as convex elytral intervals. Species of the less specialized nominative subgenus are widespread in forests and (partly) alpine landscapes of Europe (eastwards up to the Urals) and eastern Asia.

Damaeus lupus n. sp. (Acarina), a new oribatid mite species from the Carpathian wilderness (Tatra Mountains, Slovakia)

A new species of oribatid mite from the family Damaeidae, Damaeus lupus n.sp., belonging to the nominate subgenus, is described from litter of Pinus cembra forest in a wilderness area of the Vysoké Tatry Mts. in the West Carpathians, Slovakia. The unusual set of characters (position of bothridia, epimeral and partial anal neotrichy), as well as possible relationships of this new species are discussed. The larva of the species is also described.

A redescription of Protolimnesia longa Besch, 1963 from Bolivia, with the first description of the female (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Limnesiidae).

The water mite genus Protolimnesia Lundblad, 1927 is distributed in South and Central America, the Caribbean (Haiti) and southern parts of the USA (Goldschmidt 2004). One odd record is known from Oman (Smit & Pešić 2010). In addition to the nominate subgenus, the genus also includes Protolimnesella Cook, 1980 and Voldroguella Cook, 1981, typical inhabitants of interstitial habitats (Goldschmidt 2004). The nominate subgenus includes seven species and subspecies, most of them are stream-dwellers, but Protolimnesia longa Besch, 1963 appears to be a characteristic inhabitant of the interstitial of intermittent streams. This species was described by Besch (1963) based on a single male from the interstitial of a dry stream at 1200 m altitude in Argentina. Since then, no further records of this species were published. In the original description Besch (1963) illustrated only the ventral and dorsal side. Smit (2002) and Goldschmidt (2004) re-examined the holotype of P. longa deposited in the Viets Collection (SMF) and provided illustrations of the palp and ejaculatory complex, respectively. However, some important characteristics are neither given in the original description nor are visible in the type material. Smit (2002) mentioned that both fourth legs in the holotype slide are positioned in such a way that examination of the claws of IV-L-6 is not possible, Goldschmidt (2004) stated that the ejaculatory complex in the type is mounted laterally and most probably squashed.

The genus Ctenolepisma (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) in Western Iran,with description of three new species.

Several samples belonging to the genus Ctenolepisma Escherich, 1905 collected in western Iran allow us to describe three new species: Ctenolepisma iranicum n. sp., C. sagartianum n. sp. and C. kermanshanum n. sp. Ctenolepisma iranicum n. sp. belongs to the nominate subgenus Ctenolepisma sensu stricto and is closely related to C. ciliatum and C. armeniacum. The other two new species belong to the subgenus Sceletolepisma. They are compared mainly with Asian species belonging to this subgenus, which is reported for the first time in Iran. Moreover, Ctenolepisma sagartianum n. sp. and C. kermanshanum n. sp. show a chaetotaxy that includes them in the species group "villosa", being characterized by bearing a median comb on urosternites II‒VI. Additionally, Ctenolepisma armeniacum is reported for the first time in Iran and the male of this species is described. The total number of species of Ctenolepisma known for Iran is seven, although the occurrence of C. mauritanicum has not been confirmed. An identification key for these species is presented.

A Revised Phylogeny of Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae) with an Emphasis on Structures of the Proboscis

Abstract. Supplementary diagnostic characters of genera in the tribe Discocerinini are suggested. A new genus Aquachasma Zatwarnicki, type species: Discocerina leucoprocta Loew, 1861 is described with 24 new combinations of all included species. Genus Polytrichophora is divided into the nominate subgenus and a new subgenus Sklodowskopa Zatwarnicki, type species: Clasiopa duplosetosa Becker, 1896. Genus Orasiopa is divided into the nominate subgenus and a new subgenus Reymontopa Zatwarnicki, type species: Discocerina mera Cresson, 1939. The shape of the proboscis of all genera of Discocerinini is provided, including variability of cibarium and pseudotracheae. The ventral receptacles of 6 genera (Aquachasma, Facitrichophora, Galaterina, Hydrochasma, Lamproclasiopa, and Pectinifer) are illustrated for the first time. Additional support for generic status for recently established taxa (Orasiopa, Lamproclasiopa, Galaterina, and Facitrichophora) is documented. The revised relationship among Discocerinini genera...

Revision of the taxonomic position of the Olkhon mountain vole (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

An analysis of the phylogenetic position of the Olkhon mountain vole (Alticolaolchonensis Litvinov 1960) using the sequences of four nuclear (BRCA, GHR, LCAT, and IRBP) and one mitochondrial (cyt. b) genes was undertaken. It was noted that, until recently, multiple studies of the systematic position of this vole had been based exclusively on morphological data, while the major taxonomic traits contained contradictory information regarding both the subgeneric status of this species and its genus. It was established that the molecular data and morphology data allow us to attribute the Lake Baikal vole unambiguously to the nominative subgenus Alticola instead of Aschizomys.

First cavernicolous trechine beetle discovered in Guilin karst, northeastern Guangxi (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae).

A new subgenus and new species of anophthalmic trechine beetles, Oodinotrechus (Pingleotrechus) yinae subgen. n., sp. n., is described and illustrated from a limestone cave called Chaotianyan in southern part of Guilin karst, northeastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The new taxon is very different from the Maolan-Mulun congeners belonging to the nominate subgenus Oodinotrechus (s. str.) Uéno, 1998, in several important character states including pronotal structure, elytral chaetotaxy and male genitalia. It is the first record of a cavernicolous trechine beetle in Guilin karst, and in the eastern part of Guangxi. In addition, a distribution map for the genus Oodinotrechus Uéno, 1998, is provided.

Molecular ecology and phylogenetics of the water beetle genus Ochthebius revealed multiple independent shifts to marine rockpools lifestyle

Marine rockpools represent a dynamic ecosystem where inhabiting species usually suffer changeable conditions, with consequent phenomena of local populations’ size expansions and reductions. Nevertheless, a few specialized insect groups are known to live in marine rockpools, and among them, several species belong to the water beetle family Hydraenidae. Three groups of Ochthebius sensu lato (s.l.) live in fact in marine rockpools: the putative subgenus Calobius, the former subgenus Cobalius (both mostly Mediterranean–Macaronesian) and two species of the O. capicola group from South Africa. In this work, we performed a molecular phylogeny of Ochthebius s.l., running molecular clocks, aiming to address the following questions: Are these three groups related? Which is their position within Ochthebius s.l.? How many different times and in how many lineages of Ochthebius s.l. a shift from inland waters to marine rockpools environments happened? Is the current taxonomic status of these three groups supported by genetics? We found that Calobius, Cobalius and the O. capicola group represent three distinct groups, with no sister relationships, suggesting that a shift from fresh/brackish waters to marine rockpools happened independently at least three different times along the diversification of the genus. Cobalius represents an effective separate subgenus, whereas such a rank is not supported by molecular data for Calobius, which represents a monophyletic clade within the nominal subgenus Ochthebius sensu stricto (s.str.). However, as Calobius is monophyletic and characterized by strongly peculiar and distinguishing morphology, we suggest referring to this group as the ‘Calobius’ lineage. Three Mediterranean taxa within this lineage represent likely valid new species, to be described soon. In the same way, the taxonomy of Cobalius should be revised, with two previously formally recognized species found to be paraphyletic, and the possible presence of two additional cryptic species.

Phylogeny, species delimitation and convergence in the South American bothriurid scorpion genus Brachistosternus Pocock 1893: Integrating morphology, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA

A phylogenetic analysis of the scorpion genus Brachistosternus Pocock, 1893 (Bothriuridae Simon, 1880) is presented, based on a dataset including 41 of the 43 described species and five outgroups, 116 morphological characters and more than 4150 base-pairs of DNA sequence from the nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA gene loci, and the mitochondrial 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I gene loci. Analyses conducted using parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference were largely congruent with high support for most clades. The results confirmed the monophyly of Brachistosternus, the nominal subgenus, and subgenus Ministernus Francke, 1985, as in previous analyses based only on morphology, but differed in several other respects. Species from the plains of the Atacama Desert diverged basally whereas the high altitude Andean species radiated from a more derived ancestor, presumably as a consequence of Andean uplift and associated changes in climate. Species limits were assessed among species that contain intraspecific variation (e.g., different morphs), are difficult to separate morphologically, and/or exhibit widespread or disjunct distributions. The extent of convergence in morphological adaptation to life on sandy substrata (psammophily) and the complexity of the male genitalia, or hemispermatophores, was investigated. Psammophily evolved on at least four independent occasions. The lobe regions of the hemispermatophore increased in complexity on three independent occasions, and decreased in complexity on another three independent occasions.

A new species and subgenus of Elseya (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) from New Guinea.

The New Guinea freshwater turtle, Elseya novaeguineae (senu lato) is a long-term, widespread resident of New Guinea and has been subject to substantial vicariance in one of the most geologically dynamic regions on earth. Thus, it should come as no surprise that the taxonomy of this turtle is poorly resolved. Elseya novaeguineae has long been recognized as a species complex, though which elements of this taxon warrant recognition as separate species has been debated. In this paper, we restrict Elseya novaeguineae to the Birds Head region of New Guinea, west of the Langguru Thrust and Fold Belt; we resurrect from synonymy Elseya schultzei for the populations north of the Central Ranges; and we describe a new species for the populations to the south of the Central Ranges. We revisit the classification of the genus Elseya throughout its range in the light of our work and recently published reports, and erect three subgenera that recognize the three major clades within this genus. Subgenus Elseya is the nominate subgenus, to which we assign Elseya dentata, E. branderhorsti and undescribed E. sp. aff. dentata [Sth Alligator]. Elseya novaeguineae, E. schultzei and our new species are assigned to a new subgenus, Hanwarachelys. Species of northern and eastern Queensland, E. albagula, E. irwini, E. lavarackorum and the fossil taxa E. uberrima and E. nadibajagu, are assigned to subgenus Pelocomastes, resurrected from synonymy.

Taxonomy of European Damaeidae VIII. Contribution to classification of genus Damaeus C. L. Koch, 1835, with a review of Adamaeus Norton, 1978 and Paradamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957 and redescription of three species.

Adamaeus Norton, 1978 and Paradamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957, two subgenera of genus Damaeus C. L. Koch, 1835, are reviewed on the basis of the redescription of their type species. Subgenus Eudamaeus Pérez-Iñigo, 1987 and genus Tectodamaeus Aoki, 1984 are reviewed and their relation to Damaeus is discussed. Damaeus firmus Kunst, 1957 is redescribed and placed into the nominate subgenus. Damaeus helveticus (Schweizer, 1956) n.comb. is redescribed and placed into the nominate subgenus, its synonymy with Damaeus (Adamaeus) onustus C.L.Koch, 1844 is rejected. Damaeus alpinus (Schweizer, 1956) n.comb. is redescribed and placed into the nominate subgenus. Lectotypes and paralectotypes of Damaeus firmus Kunst, 1957; Damaeus helveticus (Schweizer, 1956) and Damaeus alpinus (Schweizer, 1956) are indicated. Based on published reviews and redescriptions, new diagnoses for Tectodamaeus Aoki, 1984, Damaeus C. L. Koch, 1835 and its subgenera are proposed, and a list of all known European species of Damaeus C. L. Koch, 1835 is provided. Tectodamaeus longus Xie & Yang, 2009 is newly combined to Damaeus as D. longus (Xie & Yang, 2009) n.comb.

Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera(Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae).

The taxonomy of the weevils inhabiting male cycad cones in the New World is reviewed. All species belong in a single subtribe, Allocorynina, of the family Belidae, subfamily Oxycoryninae and tribe Oxycorynini and are known to develop only in cones of the cycad genera Dioon and Zamia. Most species of Rhopalotria Chevrolat develop in male cones of Zamia ranging from Mexico, Belize, the Caribbean (Cuba, Isle of Youth, Cayman Islands, Jamaica and the Bahamas) to southern Florida, and one species in those of Dioon spinulosum in Mexico. Rhopalotria consists of three previously described species, two previously described genus-group names (treated herein as subgenera) and four new species described herein: subgenus Allocorynus Sharp with R. calonjei n.sp., R. furfuracea n.sp., R. mollis (Sharp) and R. vovidesi n.sp., and the nominate subgenus Rhopalotria with R. dimidiata Chevrolat, R. meerowi n.sp. and R. slossoni (Schaeffer). The species of Parallocorynus Voss develop only in cones of Dioon in Mexico, and the genus consists of one previously described species, the nominate subgenus and three new subgenera and 11 new species described herein: subgenus Dysicorynus n.subg. with P. andrewsi n.sp. and P. sonorensis n.sp., subgenus Eocorynus n.subg. with P. chemnicki n. sp. and P. schiblii n.sp., subgenus Neocorynus n.subg. with P. iglesiasi n.sp. and P. inexpectatus n.sp., and the nominate subgenus Parallocorynus with P. bicolor (Voss), P. gregoryi n.sp., P. jonesi n.sp., P. norstogi n.sp., P. perezfarrerai n.sp. and P. salasae n.sp. Two new genera are described, Protocorynus with one new species in Honduras, P. bontai, and Notorhopalotria with four new species ranging from Costa Rica to Colombia, N. montgomeryensis, N. panamensis, N. platysoma and N. taylori. Keys to genera, subgenera and species are provided. All of these weevils are believed to be involved in pollination of their host cycads.

Effects of habitat transition on the evolutionary patterns of the microgastropod genus Pseudamnicola (Mollusca, Hydrobiidae)

Molecular phylogenies of extant species are considered effective tools to infer mechanisms of speciation. Here, we benefit from this utility to investigate the evolutionary history of an organismal group linked to different aquatic ecosystems, the microgastropod genus Pseudamnicola (family Hydrobiidae). Previous studies have found around 45 species of the nominal subgenus P. (Pseudamnicola), most of them in coastal stream localities of several Mediterranean islands and mainland territories, whereas only 12 species of the other subgenus, P. (Corrosella), have been collected from springs and headwaters of mountainous regions of the Iberian Peninsula and south of France. As springs often act as isolated habitats affecting dispersion and constraining gene flow, we supposed that the temporal history and mode of diversification of species from both subgenera should differ and therefore be reflected in their phylogenetic patterns. To assess this hypothesis, we performed a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences and later conducted an independent analysis to examine the potential effect of certain geographic and ecological variables in the genetic divergences of the subgenera. Additionally, we estimated the ancestral area of diversification of both groups. Published anatomical revisions and our molecular analyses suggest that the genus Pseudamnicola should be divided into three genera: the two previous subgenera plus a new one described here. As postulated, the evolution of the spring organisms was strongly related to habitat fragmentation and isolation, whereas dispersal followed by divergence seem to have been the most common speciation processes for euryhaline species inhabiting coastal streams and low river stages in which waters remain connected. On the contrary, rather than habitat fragmentation or dispersion, environmental conditions have played a larger role during the deep divergent split leading to the three genera.

Taxonomy, bionomics and faunistics of the nominate subgenus of Mylabris Fabricius, 1775, with the description of five new species (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Mylabrini).

The nominate subgenus of the mylabrine genus Mylabris is revised: five new species, M. (M.) alpicola sp.n., M. (M.) cernyi sp.n., M. (M.) mediorientalis sp.n., and M. (M.) pseudoemiliae sp.n., are described and figured; M. (M.) apiceguttata sp.n., is provisionally refered to the nominate subgenus. M. (M.) rishwani Makhan, 2012 is synonymized with M. (M.) quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1767). The other 20 species are characterized by short descriptions and figures, and a key to the species is provided. Tentatively, M. barezensis and M. batnensis are placed in the nominate subgenus. The bionomics of the species is summarized in tables including information on phenology, elevation, habitat preference, host plants, larval biology, and host insects. Zoogeographic analysis of the subgenus was carried out on the basis of all available faunistic records from literature and collections which are summarized in Appendix.

New male eremochaetid flies (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China

Three new, but rare eremochaetid species, Lepteremochaetus elegans sp. nov., Eremomukha (Eremomukha) angusta sp. nov. and E. (E.) tenuissima sp. nov., are described and illustrated based on three impressions of male flies from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Beipiao, Liaoning, China. The diagnosis of Lepteremochaetus Ren, 1998 is revised based on this well-preserved specimen. These new species of nominative subgenus Eremomukha (Eremomukha) Mostovski, 1996 referred to Eremomukha Mostovski, 1996 extend the range of the subgenus outside of Mongolia, reveal new morphological details about Eremomukha and offer new evidence for the biostratigraphic correlation of non-marine sedimentary strata of both the Gurvan-Eren and Yixian formations. The diagnosis of Alleremonomus Ren and Guo, 1995 is supplemented based on new material from the Jehol biota, China. Alleremonomus liaoningensis Ren and Guo, 1995 is a junior synonym for A. xingi Ren and Guo, 1995 which is a geographically widespread species in the Jehol biota. The placements of Eremomukha (Eremomukha) tsokotukha Mostovski, 1996 and E. (E.) insidiosa Mostovski, 1996 are reassessed, both species do not present in the Jehol biota, China. Structures of the male genitalia of Eremochaetidae are described and illustrated in detail for the first time. Their characteristics probably represent the base type of the primitive lower Orthorrhapha, Brachycera.

Extraordinary Endemism: The Nearctic Leafhoppers ofGloridonusBall andBallanaDeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Leafhopper species assigned to Ballana DeLong and Gloridonus Ball include nearly 15% of all endemic leafhoppers reported from arid regions of the southwestern USA and 29% of the leafhoppers considered to be endemic to California. Ballana is revised and subsumed within Gloridonus, the whole comprising 83 valid species: 10 belonging to the nominate subgenus Gloridonus, 56 restricted to the subgenus Ballana stat.nov. including 1 subspecies (B. brevidens curta DeLong) raised to species rank, leaving 15 species in the subgenus Laterana and 2 species in Gloridellus subg. nov. There are 42 new synonymies from among DeLong's species of Ballana described in 1937 and 1964 (quira = B. adversa DeLong, 1937; volsella = B. apta DeLong, 1964; letura, insula = B. angula DeLong, 1937; diversa, omani, paridens = B. arma DeLong, 1937; fatuita = Thamnotettix atridorsum Van Duzee, 1894; tiaja = B. calcea DeLong, 1937; bicornis, profusa = B. calipera DeLong, 1937; coarcta = B. callida DeLong, 1937; rara = Ballana [brevidens] curta DeLong, 1964; firma = B. delea DeLong, 1937; aleta = T. dissimilata Ball, 1910; clara = B. dola DeLong, 1964; mira = B. effusa DeLong, 1964; attenuata = B. filamenta DeLong, 1937; remissa = B. hebea DeLong, 1937; simplex, telora = B. indens DeLong, 1937; delta = B. nigridens DeLong, 1937; aperta, calcara = B. occidentalis DeLong, 1937; curvidens, orleta = B. polica DeLong, 1937; datuna = B. recurvata DeLong, 1937; mana = B. seca DeLong, 1937; sera = B. mera DeLong, 1937; parallela = B. spinosa DeLong, 1937; dira, extrana, repa = T. titusi Ball, 1910; youngi = T. ursina Ball, 1910; cerea = B. valga DeLong, 1937; prava = T. vastula Ball, 1910; antlera, aris = B. velosa DeLong, 1937; dupla = T. verutus Van Duzee, 1925; absenta = T. [atridorsum] vetula Ball, 1910; delicata, pleura = T. [titusi] vivata Ball, 1910). Nine of DeLong's species are reduced to subspecies rank (brevidens, chelatus, defectus, exterus, luxuria, merus, tolara, transeus, valgus), leaving 68 new combinations (all the valid species previously in Ballana except for gerula Ball). These include 10 new species and also 3 new subspecies: Gloridonus ajo, G. eburatus, G. effusus diablo, G. forfex, G. forfex yosemite, G. jacumba, G. pulcher, G. xerophilus and G. yolo from California, G. xyston and G. abruptus conicus from the state of Washington plus G. baja and G. quintini from Mexico. Regional endemism is strongest in California (63 species). As in its small sister-genus Pasadenus Ball, the greatest number of species of Gloridonus is confined to the Santa Rosa Mountains of San Diego County and very few species have been found southwards into adjacent Mexico; but Gloridonus also has many additional species farther north to Oregon and east to Arizona, and a few even from southern British Columbia to Wisconsin. This high degree of southwestern endemism appears to be the result of microevolutionary processes (similar to those in the equally diverse but more widespread grass-feeding leafhopper genus Athysanella Baker) acting on a fauna restricted to a geographically and botanically diverse area, with monophagy or oligophagy as the driving force behind speciation. Hosts of Gloridonus are reported for 45 leafhopper species mainly from genera of Asteraceae, but also in Boraginaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Ericaceae, Fabaceae and Nyctaginaceae.

Description of a New Species ofMyotis(Vespertilionidae) from Vietnam

During the examination of a series of specimens, formerly referred to Myotis montivagus, recently collected in Vietnam and Lao PDR, we found that they differ in several important ways from any species formerly included in M. montivagus. We describe them as a new species characterised by a relatively long forearm, moderately long ears, flat cranial profile and wide anteorbital bridge. Based on characters classically used to separate the ‘subgenera’ of Myotis the new species shows affinities to both the nominate subgenus ‘Myotis’ and ‘Selysius’. Our morphological investigations support recent phylogenetic analyses showing that the former ‘subgenera’ of Myotis are in fact paraphyletic groups, even within Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, many of the external and craniodental features formerly used to separate these subgenera provide a practical means of grouping species. Using these characters we provide an identification key to identify the new species, as well as other currently recognized medium and large sized, small-footed Myotis species from the Indomalayan Region.

A new species of long-necked turtle (Pleurodira: Chelidae:Chelodina) from the late Miocene Alcoota Local Fauna, Northern Territory, Australia

The new species Chelodina (Chelodina) murrayi is described from the late Miocene Alcoota Local Fauna of central Australia, in the Northern Territory. The new species is based on shell fragments and can be diagnosed by a ventrally reflexed anterior margin of the plastron, a ventrally narrowed cervical scute and strongly dorsally curved margins of the carapace extending from approximately peripheral two to peripheral nine or ten as well as by a unique combination of characters. Within Chelodina the new species is part of the nominal subgenus and within that subgenus it is most closely related to the Chelodina (Chelodina) novaeguineae species group. This is not only the oldest record but also the most southerly occurrence of this species group.

Egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae) of the gall-making leafhopper Scenergates viridis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Uzbekistan, with taxonomic notes on the Palaearctic species of Aphelinoidea.

A new species of the Aphelinoidea Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), A. (Aphelinoidea) sariq Triapitsyn & Rakitov sp. n., is described from Uzbekistan. Both sexes were reared from eggs of the only known truly gall-making leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste), laid inside its galls on camelthorn, Alhagi maurorum Medikus; additional females were found dead inside the galls. Aphelinoidea sariq is the only known species of the nominate subgenus of Aphelinoidea whose body color is predominantly yellow. Taxonomic notes on other Palaearctic species of Aphelinoidea are provided; A. scythica Fursov, syn. n. is synonymized underA. (Aphelinoidea) turanica S. Trjapitzin. Another trichogrammatid, Par-acentrobia (Paracentrobia) sp., was reared from eggs of S. viridis in much smaller numbers. Also described from the same locality and host is Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) mitjaevi Triapitsyn & Rakitov sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae).

Two new species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from India

Two new oribatid mite species, Epidamaeus parayunnanensis sp. nov. and Taiwanoppia (Taiwanoppia) paraflagellifera sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) are described from India. In India, the genera Epidamaeus and Taiwanoppia are recorded for the first time. An identification key to all known species of the nominative subgenus Taiwanoppia is provided.