Nominal Scale Research Articles

Elaboração e validade de conteúdo do questionário de análise do acesso de adolescentes a equipamentos específicos de lazer e identificação das barreiras

O estudo teve por objetivo a elaboração e análise da validade de um instrumento para avaliação do acesso de adolescentes a equipamentos específicos de lazer e fatores que agem como barreiras. O instrumento consiste num questionário, elaborado com questões fechadas, tipo Likert, com escala nominal em três níveis. O critério de análise da validade foi o de conteúdo, sendo o instrumento submetido ao crivo de cinco doutores (júris) com notório saber nos estudos do lazer. Os resultados indicam que o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) foi positivo para os dois constructos analisados – acesso aos equipamentos de lazer (IVC= 0.98) e fatores que atuam como barreiras (IVC= 0.98). Quanto a análise qualitativa, nota-se que a agilidade e a abrangência foram apontadas como pontos positivos. Por outro lado, a falta de possibilidade de respostas subjetivas, a ausência do “ateliê” no rol de equipamentos específicos e a inexistência da barreira “pouca diversidade” foram sinalizados como pontos negativos. Após análise dos apontamentos qualitativos, reflexão e diálogo com a literatura especializada, alterações foram realizadas, dentre elas a inserção do item “ateliê” como equipamento específico e o item “pouca diversidade” como barreira. Conclui-se que o instrumento dispõe de validade de conteúdo qualitativa e quantitativa, sendo apropriado para avaliar o acesso e os fatores que atuam como barreiras ao uso de equipamentos específicos relacionados aos diferentes interesses culturais do lazer.

Comparison of short-term memory between stunting and non-stunting children in urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang 2019

Background: Inadequate chronic nutrition can cause disruption of bone growth and brain development. Impaired bone growth can cause stunting in children, and a disruption of brain development will affect cognitive function, one of them is short-term memory. This study aimed to compare the short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang.Methods: This research used analytic observational method with cross sectional design conducted on urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang City. One hundred and sixty students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using consecutive sampling method. Characteristics data were collected by the interview, while the stunting data was known by measuring height and assessed by WHO anthroplus application, short-term memory data was obtained from digit span test. Stunting is a nominal data scale, while the short-term memory is an ordinal data scale. This study was analyzed bivariately using chi-square test with significant p value ≤ 0.05.Results: Chi-square test results of short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school students obtained p = 0.144, which means there is no significant difference in short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school children in Kupang.Conclusions: There is no significant difference in short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in elementary school children, both in urban and rural areas of Kupang.

Evaluating tourism potentials for site development tourism along River Ethiope, Abraka, Nigeria

Purpose: The empirical research study evaluated environmental potentials of site locations for Tourism development along River Ethiope, Abraka Delta State, Nigeria, Four(4)sites’ 40 environmental features were considered important in the tourism sites evaluation. The primary data sources used include oral interview and administration of questionnaires. Research methodology: These are physical, biological and human components of tourism destinations, evaluated for each of the 4sites, and compared. Each of the 40 factors was measured using appropriate instruments like measuring tape and floater (for velocity). Students t test was undertaken to compare the evaluations of the two groups of professional and non-professional assessors. With a calculated value of 0.143, and table value of 0.283, with df2:3 at 0.05 level, the difference in site ranking between the first and second evaluation was not considered significant. High confidence or reliability can therefore be placed on the tourism site evaluation results obtained at the 0.05 significance level. The use of nominal or interval scales was to estimate variables, which were not subject to direct measurements in interval scale. Three groups of sites emerged from the preliminary survey of those selected: Natural or undeveloped sites, relate. Results: Result obtained showed that undeveloped and natural sites emerged most highly rated in environmental potentials for tourism site development compared to underdeveloped or highly developed sites. Limitation: The area lies within tropical equatorial rain forest vegetation which is an impenetrable ticket of under growth with trees and climbers. Moreover, dangerous reptiles especially (snakes and crocodile) as well as insect (Mosquitos and tsetse fly) are present and harmful to man in the environment. Contribution: The study concludes and suggests natural sites be accord priority in tourism site development along River Ethiope and invariably other related natural area worldwide for maximum patronage implications based on advocated research methodology. Keywords: Tourism, Site, Evaluation, Development, River Ethiope, Abraka

Comparison of Cow Milk Consumption and Processed Products by Mother with Regurgitation in Baby

Introduction: Regurgitation is a common issue in infants under six months of age who are at risk of esophagitis with excessive frequency and volume. This problem is due, in part, to allergies in the whey protein content in Cow's milk. Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the connection between Cow's milk consumption and processed products by mothers with regurgitation frequency in infants. Method: This form of study is cross-sectional, with 44 respondents using a purposeful sampling technic in mothers who have children under six months of age. Analysis of data using the Independent t-test test with a nominal scale of data. Result: The findings showed an average regurgitation frequency was 2.4 times, and the results of the study showed an association between Cow's milk intake and refined goods by mothers with regurgitation in infants under six months with a p-value:0.014. Discussion: Enhanced frequency of regurgitation in mothers who consume Cow's milk and processed foods because of the risk of childhood allergy to the quality of Cow's milk protein, and it is advised that parents be conscious of the frequency of regurgitation due to mother-eaten food.

Impact of Socio – Economic Status in Language Development of Children in Primary Schools in Mitrovica

The focus of this research is to understand the impact that socio-economic status has on the linguistic development of children in primary schools in Mitrovica. The research focused on four schools in Mitrovica , primary school "Musa Hoti", P.S. "Andon Zako Çajupi", P.S."Jusuf Rexha", P.S. "Fazli Greiçevci", for pupils from 1st to 5th grade.
 The selection of schools was done in a planned manner. The sample selected for this research is 100 pupils of these four systematically selected schools. In addition to the students, the research also includes 25 randomly selected parents.
 The instrument used for the study is a questionnaire that contains questions about children's language development and questions about socio-economic status. The questions are scaled-down type with the scale, ordinal and nominal scale. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Packet of Social Sciences - SPSS 21, for which some analyzes were used: frequency analysis, regression analysis and reliability analysis.In this paper it was assumed that the high socio-economic status positively influences the linguistic development of children in elementary schools. Thus, based on the findings of the research according to the frequency analysis and regression analysis, this hypothesis is proved.

Significance of revised criteria for chronic active T cell-mediated rejection in the 2017 Banff classification: Surveillance by 1-year protocol biopsies for kidney transplantation.

Diagnostic criteria for chronic active T cell-mediated rejection (CA-TCMR) were revised in the Banff 2017 consensus, but it is unknown whether the new criteria predict graft prognosis of kidney transplantation. We enrolled 406 kidney allograft recipients who underwent a 1-year protocol biopsy (PB) and investigated the diagnostic significance of Banff 2017. Interobserver reproducibility of the 3 diagnosticians showed a substantial agreement rate of 0.68 in Fleiss's kappa coefficient. Thirty-three patients (8%) were classified as CA-TCMR according to Banff 2017, and 6 were previously diagnosed as normal, 12 as acute TCMR, 10 with borderline changes, and 5 as CA-TCMR according to Banff 2015 criteria. Determinant factors of CA-TCMR were cyclosporine use (vs tacrolimus), previous acute rejection, and BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy. In survival analysis, the new diagnosis of CA-TCMR predicted a composite graft endpoint defined as doubling serum creatinine or death-censored graft loss (log-rank test, P<.001). In multivariate analysis, CA-TCMR was associated with the second highest risk of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio: 5.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.02-14.61; P<.001 vs normal) behind antibody-mediated rejection. In conclusion, diagnosis of CA-TCMR in Banff 2017 may facilitate detecting an unfavorable prognosis of kidney allograft recipients who undergo a 1-year PB.

An Evaluation Model of Level of Detail Consistency of Geographical Features on Digital Maps

This paper proposes a method to evaluate the level of detail (LoD) of geographic features on digital maps and assess their LoD consistency. First, the contour of the geometry of the geographic feature is sketched and the hierarchy of its graphical units is constructed. Using the quartile measurement method of statistical analysis, outliers of graphical units are eliminated and the average value of the graphical units below the bottom quartile is used as the statistical LoD parameter for a given data sample. By comparing the LoDs of homogeneous and heterogeneous features, we analyze the differences between the nominal scale and actual scale to evaluate the LoD consistency of features on a digital map. The validation of this method is demonstrated by experiments conducted on contour lines at a 1:5K scale and artificial building polygon data at scales of 1:2K and 1:5K. The results show that our proposed method can extract the scale of features on maps and evaluate their LoD consistency.

Customer Involvement in Sustainable Tourism Planning at Lake Balaton, Hungary—Analysis of the Consumer Preferences of the Active Cycling Tourists

This study uses an innovative tourism product development approach, based on co-creation or customer involvement, related to Lake Balaton, a mass tourism-based destination in Hungary, from the point of view of the market segment of active cycling tourists. The investigation of opportunities for the development of cycling tourism first of all relies on the new approach of attraction and product development around the destination, in which it is important to take into consideration the consumer preferences of the most important related group of tourists—active cycling tourists. The sustainable approach of tourism product development also provides an opportunity to decrease the spatial and temporal concentration of tourism, which is largely concentrated on the summertime season. The aim of this study is to explore aspects of the customers’ demand for tourism development in terms of cycling tourism with the help of primary data collection, in order to provide adequate directions for sustainable tourism development in the destination. Revealing the demand side of active cycling tourism related to Lake Balaton, the authors used both qualitative (focus group discussions and structured interviews) and quantitative questionnaire survey (computer-assisted data collection) research methods. The latter online surveys were carried out in November and December, 2019, and resulted with an appraisable sample of 809 questionnaires. As for the method, descriptive statistics and relationship analyses were applied. More than five thousand (5050) possible relationships were examined between the closed answers of the questionnaire by Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient (τ) and Cramer’s V, depending on whether they could be measured on a nominal or ordinal scale. The results show that the content analysis of the primary research provides well determined directions for the sustainable tourism development of cycling tourism at Lake Balaton, so customer involvement seems to be a win-win situation both for the customers (tourists) and the decision makers.

BALANCE EXERCISE UNTUK MENCEGAH KEJADIAN JATUH PADA LANSIA

Background. Fall incident is one of the problems that often occurs in the elderly. The falling event occurs because of decreased strength in the lower extremity muscle. The elderly need balance exercises to increase muscle strength and improve body balance. The Aim of The Study. To Analyze the effect of balance exercise on falling events in the elderly. Subject and Method. The research method used is quasi experimental. The population of 60 elderly with 52 samples was divided into 26 elderly in the intervention group and 26 elderly in the control group. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The measuring instrument used is the fall event questionnaire and the Breg Balance Scale observation sheet, nominal data scales using McNemar and Chi-Square data analysis techniques. Result. McNemar and Chi-Square statistical test results show the value of p = 0,000 with a significance value α &lt;0.05. Conclusion. There is an effect of balance exercise on the incidence of falls in the elderly.Keywords: balance exercise, elderly, fall eventsKorespondensi: Iswati. Program Studi D3 Keperawatan STIKES Adi Husada, Jln. Kapasari 95 Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Email: iswatisaja@gmail.com

BALANCE EXERCISE UNTUK MENCEGAH KEJADIAN JATUH PADA LANSIA

Background. Fall incident is one of the problems that often occurs in the elderly. The falling event occurs because of decreased strength in the lower extremity muscle. The elderly need balance exercises to increase muscle strength and improve body balance. The Aim of The Study. To Analyze the effect of balance exercise on falling events in the elderly. Subject and Method. The research method used is quasi experimental. The population of 60 elderly with 52 samples was divided into 26 elderly in the intervention group and 26 elderly in the control group. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The measuring instrument used is the fall event questionnaire and the Breg Balance Scale observation sheet, nominal data scales using McNemar and Chi-Square data analysis techniques. Result. McNemar and Chi-Square statistical test results show the value of p = 0,000 with a significance value α &lt;0.05. Conclusion. There is an effect of balance exercise on the incidence of falls in the elderly.Keywords: balance exercise, elderly, fall eventsKorespondensi: Iswati. Program Studi D3 Keperawatan STIKES Adi Husada, Jln. Kapasari 95 Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Email: iswatisaja@gmail.com

Potential of Blended Learning at High Schools in Hanoi

This study focuses on considering potential for the application of the blended learning model at high schools in Hanoi City. Surveyed in this study are 550 students and 30 teachers in 3 high schools in Hanoi. The nominal scale and convenience sampling method were used. The results of the study showed that there are advantages and disadvantages of applying the model, such as the good ability to furnish personal technology equipment; the habit of teaching and learning with the support of information technology; inequality in teachers’ knowledge and experience of blended learning; the fact that teachers’ teaching objective is substantially based on traditional teaching. For this reason, some solutions were proposed with a view to efficiently applying the blended learning model, including special importance to the increase of teachers’ and students’ awareness, investment in infrastructure development, application of the blended learning model according to a roadmap, and promulgation of a policy on fostering and encouraging teachers to apply the blended learning model. The results of this study will provide further research ideas about selecting the most appropriate approach to use when designing blended courses at high schools in Hanoi.

Analisis Determinan Perilaku dan Lingkungan Terhadap Kejadian Gastritis pada Pelajar

Introduction: Gastritis is an inflamed gastric mucosa that can occur in a short, monthly, or even a year. Theincidence of gastritis in senior high school students were currently the second highest disease under ISPA. Thecondition of gastritis will indirectly disrupt the learning process and can affect the concentration of learning fromsenior high school students. The most influential determinant factors are behavior and environment. Aim of study:This study was to analyze the determinants of the incidence of gastritis in senior high school students. Method: Thedesign used in this study was observational analytic with cross sectional design. Samples of 148 senior high schoolstudents were selected using the stratified simple random sampling method. The research instrument used aquestionnaire that was distributed directly to selected samples with a nominal data scale. The data obtained werecarried out by the Lambda hypothesis test and logistic regression. Results and Discussion: The results showed thatthe determinants of behavior and environment had a weak influence (r = 0.348) on the incidence of gastritis in highschool students. The logistic regression test results showed that the determinant of behavior has an OR = 5.2 withan influential breakfast habit factor and an environmental factor having an OR = 4.4 with a study load factor thatgives an influence. Conclusion: The conclusion that can be drawn was that the behavioral factors, especially thehabit of not eating breakfast and environmental factors, are related to the burden of studies that affect senior highschool students causing gastritis. These two factors can basically be controlled by increasing promotive efforts forstudents at the senior high school so that gastritis cases can be prevented.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT BOGOR TERHADAP IKLAN YOUTUBE GRAB

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the perception of the Baranangsiang village community on Youtube Grab. The study uses three variables which consist of two independent variables, community characteristics and Grab ads, and one dependent variable, perception of society is cognitive, affective and conative.This research was conducted in the Baranangsiang village with a population of about 22,825 people, conducted in October 2018 to May 2019. This study used a random sampling technique, the meaning of taking a random sample to the community of Baranangsiang village with a background of various kinds of education, occupation and age with a total of 100 respondents. Data analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive statistical analysis techniques and non-parametric statistical analysis. To measure the variables that have a nominal scale researchers use the Chi-square formula. So the researcher wants to see the perception of the Baranang-Siang village community on Grab ads on Youtube "there is a Grab in your city"The results obtained from this study are the Perception of the Baranangsiang Urban Village of Bogor on the Grab advertisement "There is a Grab in your city" can be said to be Positive with a high number of people strongly agreeing about the question of placing an advertisement at the beginning of a video on YouTube and the media that Grab uses to advertise .Keywords: Community, perception, Youtube and Grab

Impact of the Regularization of Regression Models on the Results of the Mass Valuation of Real Estate

Abstract Research background: Mass appraisal is a process in which multiple properties are appraised simultaneously, with a uniform approach. One of the tools that can be used in this area are multiple regression models. In the valuation of real estate features are often described on an ordinal or nominal scale. Replacing them with dummy variables with an insufficient number of observations leads to multicollinearity. On the other hand, there is a risk of overfitting the model. One of the ways to eliminate or weaken these phenomena is to introduce regularization based on a model’s penalization for the high values of its weights. Purpose: The aim of the study is to verify the hypothesis whether regularized regression reduces the errors of property valuation and which of the analyzed methods is the most effective in this context. Research methodology: The article will present a study in which two ways of regularization will be applied – ridge and lasso regression, in the context of their impact on the errors of property valuation. The analyzed data set includes over 300 land properties valued by property appraisers. The key aspects of the study are the selection of optimal values of the regularization parameter and its influence on model’s errors with a different number of observations in the training sets. Results: The study showed that regularization improves valuation results and, more specifically, allows for lower average absolute percentage errors. The improvement of model effectiveness was more pronounced in the case of ridge regression. An important result is also that regularization has provided a higher accuracy of valuation compared to multiple regression models for smaller training sets. Novelty: The article confirms the effectiveness of regularization as a way to eliminate the problem of multicollinearity or overfitting of the model. The results showed that ridge regression can be an effective way of modelling the value of real estate. Especially in the case of a small amount of market data, which is an important conclusion in the context of the real estate market.

The Synthesis of the Optimal Reference Image Using Nominal and Hyperordinal Scales

The Synthesis of the Optimal Reference Image Using Nominal and Hyperordinal Scales

Analisis Pengaruh Stress Kerja, Disiplin Kerja dan Konflik Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai

One of the factors that can increase employee productivity, i.e. employee performance. Good employee performance determines the achievement of the agency's productivity. Officers with difficulty adjusting can be the stressor that will impede the process of working. The stress that negatively impacts is called distress and stress that is positively impactful is called eustress. A company needs to conduct a performance assessment on its employees. The Data is a crossection with a nominal scale, essentially using a Likert scale. Employee performance is the result employees work with following their instructions, direction, compensation, and ability. Partial hypothesis test (test-F) significance that variable Stress work discipline variables and working conflicts have a significant effect on employee performance in the economic part of Magelang Regency which stated that there is an influence on employee performance. Based on the results of data analysis in this study came the conclusion that work stress, work discipline, and work conflict jointly (simultaneous) affects employees ' performance in the economic part of Magelang regency.

The Affecting Factors of Nurse Fatigue in The ICU and ER of Bhayangkara HS. Samsoeri Mertojoso Hospital

Introduction: Nurses have a very stressful job because they are required to deal with the needs of patients. Nurses are responsible for contacting and observing patients 24 hours a day. The nurse fatigue is associated with stress at work, workload, and the level of conflicts that occurs in the work environment. This research aims to analyze the relationship between the individual characteristics and fatigue of nurses’ performance in the ICU and ER. Methods: This research is observational research with a cross-sectional design and the analysis used in this study is a descriptive analysis conducted in the form of frequency tables and cross tabulations. The research data were obtained from filling in identity data sheets, IFRS work fatigue measurement questionnaires, and calorimeter measurements. To analyze the relationship between two variables with ordinal and nominal data scales including non-parametric statistics and due to the total population in this study, to find out how strong the relationship value is the Cramer V value in the Chi Square Test. The sample used was 25 nurses who work in the ICU and ER. Results: There is a relationship on the characteristics of nurses in the study which includes age, sex, length of service, education level, marital status, nutritional status, length of work, workload with subjective fatigue in ICU and ER nurses. Conclusion: In the test results obtained varying results from strong to weak relationship. In conclusion, individual characteristics cause subjective fatigue in ICU and ER nurses.Keywords: emergency room, intensive care unit, nurses, subjective fatigue

Teaching and Learning Process of Decision-Making Units in Talented Young Players From U-10 to U-14.

There are multiple factors that have been studied for talent identification (TI) with regard to sport performance, such as physical and physiological parameters; psychological, social, and contextual parameters; and technical–tactical parameters. However, despite the importance of these indicators for reaching the elite, new trends seem to assure that one of the key elements in a young player is decision making (DM). Thus, in the last decades, research DM in young players has increased. Nevertheless, very little has been done in relation with DM and talented players. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the effectiveness, number, and duration of DM units (DMUs) of three groups of talented young players in U-10, U-12, and U-14 levels. Ninety-seven youth players participated in the study. A total of 1,087 actions were analyzed. The Nomination Scale for Identifying Football Talent was utilized to screen the talent pool (N = 18), and the Game Performance Evaluation Tool was used for analyzing the 1,087 actions completed. The results showed that the effectiveness has to be more than 80% for children to be considered talented. Moreover, a greater effectiveness of DMUs was shown in older age groups. The game speed also increased with age. It was revealed that U-12 did not follow the progression in the decisional demands in the formative stages. It is highlighted, therefore, the necessity of reviewing the organizational aspects in the U-12 age group, related mainly to the size of the pitch and the number of players, because it does not follow the same progression in regard to decisional demands. Future studies should follow this study with the U-16, U-18, and U-23 age groups, with the purpose of knowing the effectiveness, duration, and number of DMUs in older age groups. Furthermore, policy makers and teachers/coaches from both educational and soccer context must take these results into account, with the purpose of adjusting the teaching and learning process of talented children in sport.

Etiology, clinical findings and laboratory parameters in neonates with acute bacterial meningitis

Neonatal meningitis is one of the most important and serious neonatal infections with a high mortality and morbidity rate. The present study aimed to investigate the causes, clinical signs, laboratory parameters and mortality rates in newborns with bacterial meningitis. This cross-sectional study was performed on 468 neonates aged 2-28 days admitted to NICU in Ghaem Hospital Mashhad, Iran by available sampling method during 2009-2018. Meningitis was confirmed according to positive results of CSF culture and clinical feature. By using researcher-made questionnaire, neonate's individual data including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the Apgar score of the first and fifth minutes, gestational age, birth weight, clinical symptoms and laboratory data such as ESR, WBC and positive culture of CSF were studied. Among 468 newborn suspected to infection, lumbar Puncture (LP) was performed for 233 cases (50%). Of 233 neonates, 148 neonates (63.5%) had negative results for CSF culture and 85 cases (36.5%) had positive CSF culture. 94% of cases with meningitis were born premature. Blood culture had positive results in 80% of infants with late-onset meningitis and negative in 20%. The most common clinical findings were respiratory symptoms (94%). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Entrobacter aerugenes were the most common microorganisms of meningitis. Gestational disorders were observed in 55.3% of newborns with meningitis. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) of neonates with meningitis was twice higher than normal cases, and leukocytes and proteins in the CSF in neonates with meningitis were higher than healthy ones. Finally, 36% of neonates with meningitis died in our study. For analyzing the relationships between variables, independent t-test was used after controlling the normality, and Chi-square was used for analyzing the relationship of variables with nominal scale. The most common pathogens of meningitis were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes. Respiratory symptoms were the most common clinical signs, and laboratory symptoms included increased CRP, increased leukocytes and proteins in CSF.

MODEL DAN PELUANG TERJADINYA HUJAN BERDASARKAN KELEMBABAN MENGGUNAKAN REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

Manokwari Regrency has a tropical climate. This results in significant rainfall. One factor that stimulates rain is humidity. By using binary logistic regression, the model an chance of rainfall based on humidity can be determined. Logistic regression analysis is used to determine the relationship between categorical scale response variables and numeric or categoric scale explanatory variables. If response variable used is nominal scale with two possoble value (0 and 1), then it is called binary logistic regression. Estimation of the model is done by logit transformation. The model produce in this study is g(x) = -23.443 + 0.289 humidity. The accuracy of the model is 70.4 percent and the probability of rain for humidity lowering one unit will be reduced to 0.74.