Nominal Money Research Articles

Peningkatan Literasi Keuangan Melalui Pembuatan Media Edukatif Bagi Siswa

According to the Ministry of Education and Culture, financial literacy education is very necessary to educate people to be aware and understand how to manage finances wisely. Financial literacy education must be given to children, especially elementary school-age children as early as possible. Introducing financial literacy to children can be done by introducing children to the values ​​of money and the culture of saving. Initial observation results show that most students use all their pocket money for consumption. This is what underlies the importance of strengthening financial literacy for children, especially at the elementary school level. PkM activities are carried out by focusing on introducing financial concepts through introducing nominal money and saving activities by making piggy banks. The training method was carried out in two sessions, namely session 1 with face-to-face presentation of the material by the resource person and session 2 training in making educational media to improve. The activity results showed an increase in students' understanding of financial concepts with active participation and high enthusiasm for using money wisely, as well as fostering a sense of the importance of saving for the future.

Monetary Policy, Oil Rents, Exchange Rate and Consumer Prices Nexus: A Case Study of Pakistan

This research examines the effects of monetary policy in the form of nominal money supply, economic growth, exchange rate, and oil rents on domestic prices for Pakistan's economy. By taking an annual data series, this research reports evidence of mixed integrated order of the data series. The estimates of the ARDL bounds test suggest that consumer prices have a long-run cointegrating relation with its factors. The findings also highlight that the money supply supports the causality thesis, indicating that when the money supply stretches, it accelerates domestic prices. Moreover, it is also exposed that domestic output, exchange rates, and oil rents have significant and appreciating effects on consumer prices in both time spans. These results are robust to the diagnostics used in this research ensuring the reliability of the results. Based on these results, money supply and exchange rate should be controlled by the policymakers in such a way that it should not allow domestic prices to rise. Moreover, an attempt should be made via which increase in domestic out, and oil rents should remain greater than the increase in prices.

The Application Of Money Laundering Law Value-Based Justice To Wealth Obtained Offenders From The Proceeds Of Corruption

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>The act of money laundering is very dangerous both at the national and international levels because money laundering is a means for criminals to legalize the money from their crimes to eliminate traces. In addition, the nominal money laundered is usually extraordinary in amount, so it can affect national and even global financial balances. This research method is normative legal research, namely research that refers to legal norms contained in laws and regulations, libraries, legal norms that exist in society, and the data obtained, the type of research used qualitative research is carried out by examining literature materials in the field of law and legislation related to the problem The application of money laundering law based on the value of justice to the wealth of perpetrators of crimes obtained from the proceeds of corruption. The results of this study show that the scope of the law on money laundering towards the eradication of corruption aims to find out how to put the results of evidence on the case being examined, by how the evidence is used, and by how the judge must form his conviction before the court session. The application of money laundering law based on the value of justice to the proceeds of crime from corruption </em><em>needs to be imposed on severe crimes to perpetrators of corruption crimes as a legal policy in accordance with the provisions of the applicable law. So that the community understands and considers the verdict to be as fair as it is. The law is expressly separated from morals and justice is not based on good or bad.</em><em></em></p>

Legal Certainty of the Right to Severance Pay for Workers Who Retire in Companies That Undergo Acquisitions

The ease of transactions in the digital era has resulted in increased competitiveness between companies in the trade sector. To maintain the existence of the company, it is not uncommon for companies to restructure through the acquisition process. However, the acquisition process has an impact on the existence of workers in the previous company, especially on workers entering retirement age. Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation Article 61 paragraph (3) regulates the transfer of responsibility for workers' rights which illustrates that the new employer is responsible for fulfilling workers' rights, but the transfer agreement allowed by this law does not guarantee the fulfillment of workers' rights as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to know the legal certainty of workers entering retirement age in companies that experience acquisitions and the implementation of severance pay rights for workers entering retirement age in companies that experience acquisitions. The legal approach involves looking at secondary data or library resources. The results showed that Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation concerning Interim Replacement (PHK), employees who have been laid off eligible for severance money, long service pay, and compensatory pay. The rights of workers affected by termination of employment on the grounds of entering retirement age in companies experiencing takeover are calculated based on the length of service of workers in a company, as well as the rights that have not been obtained by workers during their work which can be used as nominal money.

Keeping up with the Kardashians: Evidence from a choice experiment with a nationally representative sample

This study aims at investigating preferences regarding nominal income, standing in income distribution, and income change over time. We use a nationally representative sample and employ the Discrete Choice Experiment methodology in the random utility framework. We estimate trade-offs between the absolute income, income change over time, and relative standing in income distribution. The general finding is that the importance of relative income is greater for wealthier respondents; moreover, respondents are willing to sacrifice a large amount of their overall well-being for a constant upward trend in their earnings during their life cycle. Males are particularly sensitive to relative income: they are willing to “burn” nominal money to reach a higher status, also controlling for wealth. Our study provides evidence for the driving force behind the pursuit of wealth in more affluent countries. Despite high aggregate consumption levels, there is a concern for status as measured by relative standing in society and own income change over time.

BANK NOTE VALUE CHECKER BASED ON IMAGE RECOGNITION

This research aims to develop a banknote recognition system that can help people with special needs, especially people with visual impairments, in recognizing banknote denominations. This system uses image processing technology and machine learning models by utilizing the Create ML library which is integrated with Apple's operating system. By using the Create ML library, modeling the recognition of banknote nominal values can be made easily and without the need for special knowledge in developing machine learning models. The dataset used in this training comes from images of banknotes that have been previously collected and processed. Machine learning models are trained to recognize important features in images such as pictures, numbers and other signs and associate them with the appropriate denominations of money. The test results show that the model created can recognize banknote denominations with an accuracy rate of 71%. This shows that the use of the nominal recognition model for banknotes that is made can help the blind in identifying the nominal money more accurately and efficiently, thereby increasing the independence and quality of life of visual impaired person

The monetization of economy: An indicator that indicates nothing

The indicator of monetization of the economy; equal to the ratio of nominal money supply to nominal GDP; is very popular among Russian economists and is used to assess the effectiveness of the monetary policy pursued and is often employed in cross-country comparisons. Many economists believe that the monetization of the Russian economy is excessively low; which reflects the underdevelopment of the national financial system and requires steps towards monetary expansion. According to this view insufficient monetization of the Russian economy is as an obstacle to its rapid development; therefore increase in monetization should be made a key priority of the Bank of Russia’s policy. Although widely accepted; the complex of theories; ideas and assumptions behind these recommendations; however; has never been adequately empirically tested. In this paper we formulate several statements that are shared by the majority of economists in this area; based on a review of relevant publications; and then test the statements on cross-country data. As a result of empirical testing; it was shown that most of the statements are not supported by evidence. The monetization indicator does not carry any additional relevant information about the macroeconomics conditions; having other indicators considered. High monetization does not create additional stimulus for economic growth; and the ability of central banks to affect monetization is limited significantly. In countries with low monetization; inflationary risks of monetary expansion are sharply higher. The conducted empirical study provides arguments against the broad use of the monetization indicator in macroeconomic analysis and casts doubt on the idea of laying responsibility for increasing the level of Russian economy monetization on the Bank of Russia.

The Practical Application and Marginal Expansion of Keynesian Model

Recently, there have been a lot of discussion about how variable change will affect output, real wages, and the nominal values of stock in certain assumptions. This paper describes improved new Keynesian model in closed economy for showing the adjustment of different component. Firstly, it will discuss the condition when an increase in tax by using mathematical derivation and examine the change when a rise in nominal wage through the use of macroeconomic analysis, then it will analyze the process when changing the target interest rate. Lastly, it will provide some evaluations of these several conditions. The results of the studies indicate that while an increase in tax, the real wages will rise, output will decline and the nominal money stock will do the same. Besides, the analysis has revealed that when a growth in nominal wages will result in a boost in price level and nominal money stock, and production remains constant. Additionally, when the target interest rate is raised, output will fall, real wages will rise as a result of a declining price level and a fixed nominal wage, and the nominal money stock will drop. All these preliminary results throw light on real life scenarios of central banks and countries.

Price Hikes, Economic Reforms and Causality in Money, Income and Prices: Evidence from Pakistan

This study extends the analysis of causality by Husain and Rashid (2008) by examining the shift in the variables due to the price hikes in Pakistan in the early 1970s. We investigate the causal relations between real money and real income, between nominal money and nominal income, and between nominal money and prices using the annual data set from 1959-60 to 2003-04. Moreover, we examine the stochastic properties of the variables used in the analysis, and take care of the shifts in the series due to price hikes and liberalisation measures through dummy variables. The results indicate significant shifts in the variables during the sample period. In this context, the shift that occurred due to price hikes in the early 1970s seems to be more important to be incorporated in the analysis. The study finds the active role of money as the leading variable in changing prices without any feedback. In the earlier studies on income the feedback mechanism of money is found missing perhaps because of overlooking the shift in the macro economic variables in the early 1970s. JEL classification: E3, E4, N3 Keywords: Money, Income, Prices, Price Hikes, Causal Relations, Pakistan

International currency substitution and the demand for money in the euro area

Using quarterly data for the period from 1983:Q1 until 2019:Q4, we identify a stable money demand relationship for the euro area M3, with the US long-term interest rate as a regressor, together with the domestic interest rate and income. This specification is consistent with the open economy liquidity services approach to money demand, in light of which the ownership of money is separate from portfolio decisions. Our results suggest international currency substitution, pointing to interdependency of monetary policies, even in a context of floating exchange rates. In the short-run analysis, we find that excess liquidity helps predict nominal money but not the price level. In general, our findings cast doubt on the usefulness of the information content of M3 to analyse prospective inflation in the euro area. • Using quarterly data, we identify a stable money demand function for the EA M3. • We find a significant influence of the US interest rate on the EA money demand. • Results point to interdependency of monetary policies, even under float. • We find that excess liquidity helps predict nominal money, but not the price level. • Our evidence casts doubt on the usefulness of M3 to analyse prospective inflation.

Nilai-nilai Moral dalam Tradisi Ulur Antar pada Perkawinan Sarolangun Jambi

The purposes of this paper are: (1) To describe the implementation of the community's traditional marriage ceremony in Sarolangun-Jambi Regency, (2) To describe what moral values are contained in the community's traditional marriage ceremony in Sarolangun-Jambi Regency. This research is a literature study. Data were collected by analyzing journals, scientific articles and literature reviews to achieve this goal. The research findings are as follows: 1) The implementation of the Ulur Antar tradition that occurs in Sarolangun-Jambi Regency, namely where the men bring offerings whose contents can be personal tools for the female candidate to household items for the two candidates. In this tradition, there is something that should not be forgotten, namely what is called the content of tafkir. The tafkir contains betel leaves which are tied in several parts, each bundle consisting of several sheets, then areca nut, and the ingredients used for betel nut. In addition, there is also nominal money that will be used as traditional money symbolically. If in the tafkir there is a nominal value of Rp. 20,000 then the customary money later from the men is Rp. 20,000,000, or with another nominal, 2) The moral values contained in the traditional marriages of the people of the Sarolangun-Jambi Regency include: a) Moral values related to God (Hablumminallah) are reflected in their implementation which interacted with religious teachings or beliefs in God Almighty. Almighty. In choosing the right mate, according to the religious demands adopted and based on the same religious belief, b) Social-related moral values (Hablumminannas) reflected in the stages of the traditional marriage ceremony of the Sarolangun-Jambi Regency community include: (1) Respecting others (2 ) Mutual cooperation (3) Strengthening Family Relations (4) Harmony (5) The form of preservation of customs in society (6) Respect, c) Individual Moral Values are moral values concerning oneself which are reflected in the traditional marriages of the people of Sarolangun-Jambi Regency, among others: (1) Responsibility (2) Application for blessing (3) Independence (4) Obedience (5) Willing to sacrifice.

Testing the Classical Inflation Theory in Pakistan

The study is about the examination of the classical theory of inflation in Pakistan. The data covered, the time period from 1972 to 2020. Time series data is used and collected from World Bank. The ARDL model estimation technique is used to analyze the data. The study shows a research gap based on testing the classical inflation theory in Pakistan which is different from previous related studies. The novelty of this research is to test the positive and direct linkage of doubling the money supply will double the price level in the case of Pakistan believing the classical model of inflation. The stationarity of data is checked through the unit root test. The results show that there is a positive relationship between nominal money supply and inflation in Pakistan, as classical believe that doubling the money supply will double the price level and the value of money becomes half. The findings of the study support that classical inflation theory is valid in the case of Pakistan. Inflation is taken as a dependent variable as a proxy of GDP deflator and a list of independent variables are such as per capita income, nominal money supply, interest rate, taxes, and government current expenditures. The empirical, theoretical, and historical facts are supporting this study. The study has explored the existence of inflation in Pakistan. It is observed that inflation is a monetary phenomenon and it is connected with the money supply which leads to an increase in the general price level. In order to curtail inflation government should control the money supply which will help to reduce prices.

House prices and household credit in the Eurozone: A single monetary policy with dissonant transmission mechanisms

Booms and busts in house prices and household credit highlighted by the recent economic financial crisis, encourage a discussion on how the channels of monetary policy work. This paper studies the role of house prices and household credit in the transmission mechanism of the ECB monetary policy focusing on a panel of 12 Eurozone countries between 2000.Q1 and 2019.Q4. Considering the heterogeneity that characterized the Eurozone housing markets, the analysis distinguishes two groups of countries defined by their average growth of house prices, besides isolating the period that follows 2008.Q3 to capture the impact of the economic crisis. Using panel vector auto-regression models, the estimations indicate nominal money having an asymmetric impact across the Eurozone, being better adjusted to member countries with lower growth rates of house prices. For the whole period, house prices are more effective than credit as a monetary policy transmission channel to output fluctuations. However, the channels of monetary policy altered after the crisis, switching from a strong housing channel to a strong credit channel, especially for countries that experienced lower increase in house prices.

Testing the Validity of the Long Run Neutrality of Money in Nigeria

Abstract Research background: There is no consensus among scholars on the interaction effect between money supply, price, and wages despite various studies conducted to that effect. Purpose: This study investigates whether the neutrality of money assumption holds in the long run in Nigeria, using annual data from 1970 to 2018. Research methodology: The study utilized the Johansen cointegration test and the Vector Error Correction (VECM) approach for estimation. Results: The results from the Phillips curve model contradict the classical school of economics assumption that money is neutral in the long run. This implies that in the Nigerian economy, money is not neutral in the long run. The long run Fishers’ effect model shows that the coefficient of LOG (CPI) exhibits a negative sign and is statistically significant at a 5% significant level, thus contradicting the hypothesis which states that a one percent increase in consumer prices will lead to an increase in the rate of interest by one percent. The coefficient of nominal money supply indicates a negative sign and insignificant statistically on the interest rate. The Short-run estimated results showed that the coefficient of the error correction term ECM (–1) indicates a negative sign and is significant statistically in the Fishers’ effect model. The result shows the actual and equilibrium values are corrected with adjustment speeds equal to 31% yearly. Novelty: The study recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria should ensure an effective implementation of monetary targeting measures in fine-tuning the economy and curbing inflationary pressures.

Maqashid Sharia Analysis of Change From Customers for Donation: a Case Study in Fajar Toserba, Jalaksana District

The Qur'an and Islamic legal literature do not mention the word Islamic law as one of the terms in the Qur'an is the word syarî'ah, fiqh, Allah's law, and the same root with it. The term Islamic law is a translation of Islamic Law in western literature. If traced to its roots, then the meaning of Islamic law is "control or bridle of the horse", what is meant here is that in essence the law exists to regulate people who are subject to the law itself. Other meanings derived from the root word hakama include preventing injustice, preventing tyranny, preventing persecution, and rejecting other mafsadat. The research on Maqashid Syariah analysis of the ask foral of change for donations (a case study in Fajar Toserba, Jalaksana District) aims to understand how the practice of asking for change for donations is, how the distribution of these donations when they have been collected, and how Muqashid Syariah analyzes the practice of asking for change for donations. donation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method because it describes the data in the form of a written description. Types and sources of data in this study using primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques through interviews and observations. The results of this study are on the ask foral of change for donations at Fajar Toserba Jalaksana when buying and selling transactions. As for the practice, when buying and selling at Fajar occurs, if there is odd nominal money, it is directly distributed to the social fund in the payment receipt. Maqashid Sharia analysis on this matter can be concluded that the five main points or al-mabaadi 'al-khamsyah have been fulfilled. customers for change for donations and distributing the donation money have fulfilled the purpose of Islamic law itself, namely Maqashi Syariah. Although there are elements that should not be done, in this case, the benefits are greater.

Application of the Knuth-Morris-Pratt Algorithm on Android-based Money Recognition Applications for the Blind

Blind is a term used to define the human condition given a privilege by God in the sense of sight, this condition makes blind people have a little difficulty in carrying out daily activities. Money is a primary human need and is very important for daily buying and selling transactions. Indonesian money, especially paper money, has an embossed line that can help people with visual impairments a little, but there is some money circulating in the market that is damaged or missing lines of appearance which makes it difficult for blind people to recognize the nominal of the money. The research was conducted at the “AISYIYAH” Orphanage for the Blind in Ponorogo by conducting several interviews with blind people, the informants provided information that they could recognize money on a daily basis but only applies to banknotes with good condition and the latest output, for damaged banknotes. or the old output is hard to identify. To help the blind recognize money, an android-based application was designed with the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm which is a type of string matching algorithm. This algorithm is a development algorithm from the previous algorithm, namely the Brute Force algorithm. The final result of this study shows that the android application designed using the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm is able to recognize nominal money with an accuracy rate of 100%.

Microcontroller Based Money Storing Tools with Web Monitoring and Social Media

The money deposit box is one of the equipment at home that functions as a place to store money, although there are many practical money storage media, but there are still those who like to store money in the Money Deposit Box but in that storage many do not know how much the nominal money is. already saved. For this reason, a money storage box based on the Arduino Mega microcontroller was made. This tool can provide information on the amount of money saved and is equipped with a lock as a security. This study designs the hardware platform: (1) Ardunio Mega 2560 (2) TCS3200 sensor (3) DC motor (4) LCD i2C (5) 1ch relay (6) selenoyd doorlock (7) RTC DS3231 (8) Ethernet shield module, and Software: (1)Windows 10 (2)Arduino IDE 1.8 (2)XAMPP 3.2 (3)PHP 10 (4)MySQL (5)Visual Studio Code 1.5 The system is connected to the Internet Network. the data flow will be stored into a MySQL-based database at the NCC Lab, the nominal money obtained from reading the TCS3200 will be flowed through the Internet network, where the use of the ethernet shield module can integrate money storage equipment on the computer with a local MySQL database. Integration of hardware components, software and internet network.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BADAN AMIL MENGGUNAKAN FITUR E-ZAKAT SEBAGAI MEDIA PENYALURAN KEPADA MUSTAHIQ

The distribution of zakat fitrah coincides on the 30th of Ramadhan Hijriyah as in Kedunggede Village. There are prolems in the process of zakat distribution, the results of the reports from each hamlet must be known and singed by the committee chairman of the village administration and then determine the nominal money and weight of rice distributed. The solution offered is to implement an application that has been made by adjusting the needs partners, with the E-Zakat feature. The flow service method starts from presenting the existing infrastructure in Kedunggede Village regarding the use of information technology the presenting the use of the E-Zakat feature. The conclusion of this Amikom Mitra Masyarakat activity is that when the village amil zakat practice the E-Zakat feature it gets a good response and the amil zakat provides a satisfactory assessment because it can provide realtime information so that the time efficiency is felt.

In Search of Exchange Rate Undershooting in Pakistan

Exchange rate behaviour does not follow very obvious and predicted pattern. Many attempts have been made to predict its behaviour as much as possible. This research re-examines the Dornbusch’s model of exchange rate overshooting caused by price rigidities. Dornbusch’s assumption of full employment in economy has been violated in this research which creates the possibility of exchange rate undershooting. In response to positive monetary shock, interest rate decreases and exchange rate undershoots its long run equilibrium. This research explains the dynamics of anti-intuitive exchange rate undershooting. Apart from theoretical formations of exchange rate undershooting, this research also analyses Pakistani data for exchange rate undershooting or overshooting in response to increase in money supply. Quarterly data of twenty three years for exchange rate, nominal interest rate, price, real output and money have been taken and vector autoregressive technique has been used. Evidence of exchange rate undershooting in response to positive money supply shock was found. It also gives an important insight into policy making by identifying some probable behaviour of exchange rate.

Tabungan Pintar Berbasis Single Board Computer

Pada saat ini celengan atau tabungan mulai ditinggalkan karena banyak orang menyimpan uang di bank. Namun jika dimaksudkan untuk menabung harian maka kurang efektif memilih bank. Hal ini membuat masyarakat tidak lagi menanam tabungan harian yang sangat bagus untuk ditabung sehari-hari. Masalahnya juga karena umumnya wadah untuk menabung sehari-hari yang disebut celengan umumnya berukuran kecil dan mudah dibuka atau kebanyakan hanya rusak. Maka dibutuhkan celengan yang praktis dan canggih serta tidak mudah untuk dibawa sehingga membantu agar penabung tidak mengendalikan kesabarannya dalam menabung. Untuk membuat kotak tabungan yang canggih maka diterapkan embedded system yang dapat membuat rencana tabungan dengan fitur deteksi uang nominal menggunakan metode deteksi objek sehingga nantinya tabungan dapat menghitung jumlah uang yang disimpan dan penabung dapat melihatnya. YOLO merupakan salah satu metode deteksi objek yang dapat diterapkan. Sebelumnya penabung dapat membuat rencana tabungan dengan memasukkan target simpanan maksimal yang diinginkan dan target simpanan lama yang dibutuhkan agar penabung dapat lebih terstruktur dalam menabung karena memiliki tujuan yang jelas dalam perencanaannya.