Nominal Figures Research Articles

Review of Sharia Economic Law on the Determination of Balance Conversion Wages Between Applications

Online transactions can be eased using smartphone applications such as m-banking, go pay, ovo, funds, and other financial transaction applications, many people also make balance exchange transactions between applications. This is used by balance exchange service providers between applications. The conversion service will get a fee or wage after making a transaction. Wages should fulfil an element of fairness and honesty that applies in general. As the conversion service in the Tanam Shopee Facebook group did, the balance conversion service sets a fee without a contract at the start and immediately deducts it from the converted balance. The formulation of the problems in this study are as follows: 1). What is the system for determining balance conversion services between applications on the Tanam Shopee Facebook Group? 2). What is the review of Sharia economic law regarding the provision of balance conversion services between applications on the Planting Shopee Facebook Group? This research is a type of field research, namely by explaining and describing circumstances and phenomena that are clearer about the situation that occurs, and the nature of this research is descriptive analysis. This research approaches interviewing and observing the practice of converting services conducted on the Tanam Shopee Facebook group. Based on the research conducted, there are two systems for determining service fees for converting balances between applications on the Tanam Shopee Facebook group between converting service providers and converting service users. First, the conversion service informs about the transaction costs and then an agreement contract. Second, the conversion service does not mention transaction fees and immediately deducts the converted balance without any prior agreement. This is a review of Sharia Economic Law regarding the service system for converting balances on the Facebook Tanam Shopee group. The first system in practice is based on the terms of ijarah, which fulfill the legal requirements and pillars of ijarah. The transaction fees are collected, and the consent granted is done in writing. Payment is made at the end of the transaction as per the agreement. Once all these terms and pillars of ijarah are fulfilled, the transaction is declared valid. Meanwhile, in the second conversion service system, wage practices in this contract are declared valid or invalid because one of the pillars and conditions of ijarah is not fulfilled, namely, the absence of sight or consent, and qabul in the transaction, wages in a contract, the quantity or quality of wages must be clear, whether in the form of nominal figures, percentages that are agreed upon and known by the parties conducting the contract. In this case, there is one party, namely the service user does not know how much the wage rate is charged. So that in practice the wages of this contract are declared valid or invalid.
 Keywords: online transaction application, balance conversion, Islamic economic law

Countering the Deleterious Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse

Robot systems like automated shipping swinging robots, wire transducer sensors and even computer indigenous time sensors (amongst others) often use oscillating circuits such as the famous van der Pol system, while this manuscript investigates protection of such sensor circuitry to spurious voltage spikes accompanying an electromagnetic pulse. These spurious voltages can lead to uncontrolled robot motion and even debilitation. A very brief discussion of electromagnetic pulses yields design parameters to evaluate circuit responses to realistic disturbing pulses. Recent research in nonlinear-adaptive methods to protect circuits are described to highlight the proposed novelty: utilization of feedback rules as adaptive mechanisms to modify the otherwise nonlinear feedforwards systems improving the results in recent literature. Feedback is iterated to select adaption parameters that simultaneously produce favorable circuit performance in addition to effective parameter identification inherent in the adaption (to provide meaningful parameter estimates to unspecified future applications). Spurious voltages were rapidly rejected with a mere 0.3% trajectory deviation, stabilizing quickly with a final (steady state) deviation of 0.01%. The demonstrated abilities to reject the deleterious spurious effects are compared to nominal figures of merit for timing accuracy of various computer systems to conclude the proposed methods are effective for some applications, but insufficient for others.

PENGARUH PENJUALAN TERHADAP CURRENT RATIO, QUICK RATIO DAN CASH RATIO PADA PT. CAHAYA PRIMA SENTOSA

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of sales on the current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio of the company's liquidity at PT. Cahaya Prima Sentosa. The type of data in this study is secondary data which is quantitative data in the form of nominal figures from the company studied in the form of financial reports of PT. Cahaya Prima Sentosa 2012-2016. Testing the hypothesis in this study using simple linear regression with t test and F test. Based on the results of research that has been done: That sales volume has a strong effect on Current Ratio, which means that sales have a strong effect on Current Ratio, Hypothesis testing using correlation analysis shows that sales volume has a strong effect on liquidity and Hypothesis testing using correlation analysis results show that sales have a strong effect on liquidity.

PENGARUH RASIO LIKUIDITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP LABA PERUSAHAAN

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an influence of current ratio, profit margin, return on assets to company profits at PT. Dharma Satya Nusantara. The type of data in this study is secondary data which is quantitative data in the form of nominal figures from the company studied in the form of financial statements of PT. Dharma Satya Nusantara in 2013-2016. Testing the hypothesis in this study using multiple linear regression. T test results indicate that Current Ratio and Profit Margin have no significant effect on earnings, while Return On Assets significantly influence earnings. The results of the analysis of the F test and the Determinant Coefficient (R²) test show that the current ratio, profit margin, return on assets significantly influence company profits.

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENGENDALIAN INFLASI DKI JAKARTA

Jakarta's role in the national economy is very central. Contributions economy Jakarta nationwide reach 16 to 17 percent of total national GDP. Indicators of inflation is very central.Inflation is low and stable would be a stimulator of economic growth. This study aims to: a) discuss the development of the inflation rate in Jakarta, b) discuss and analyze the policy of inflation control in Jakarta and c) comparing the calculation of the inflation rate to the inflation rate in 2017-2022 RPJMD. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach. In conclusion Regional Inflation Control Team (TPID) Jakarta to be very central in controlling inflation. BUMD, the food cluster was instrumental and constructive in terms of the provision of some major food commodities. The rate of inflation and economic growth RPJMD and Simultaneous Equation Model shows that there are differences in nominal figures. But in the nominal rate projections for both relatively stable and the same. Policy strategy of the four K (4 K), namely affordability, availability of supplies, smoothness distribution and communications has given excellent results and is conducive to the economy of Jakarta. The Jakarta Provincial Government cooperation with the regions and between enterprises working with other regions Jakarta quite effective.bazaar and market operations are to periodically shown to be effective in controlling inflation. So it is necessary to continue.

An Almost Ideal Cost of Living Index for Food in Spain Using a Microeconomic Approach and Censored Data

A true cost of living (COL) index should compare the cost derived by two consumption levels and two price vectors maintaining the same utility in the two cases. Its application and empirical testing has been, generally, focalized on a temporal perspective. A spatial perspective it is also interesting for economic analysis because it allows for making comparisons of COLs across geographical units. This spatial approach, however, it is not so frequent in the literature. The aim of this paper is to calculate a spatial COL index for the regions of Spain. For this purpose, we use microdata from the 2010 Households Budget Survey (HBS, Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares) provided by the Spanish Statistical Institute (INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística). We will denominate this index spatial cost of living index (SCOL). We use a microeconomic approach that keeps the level of utility of households constant across space but allows for substitution among different baskets of goods. The results reveal large differences in COL across the Spanish regions. The estimates of the SCOL index allows for reconsidering regional comparisons in terms of average wages. Even when nominal monetary figures from official Regional Accounts show huge regional disparities, regional differences are largely moderated when the wage figures are corrected by our SCOL index.

A Study of Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity in Korea

This paper examines downward nominal wage rigidity in Korea using aggregate and individual-level data. We find that the degree of downward nominal wage rigidity differs depending on the data sources used. Results from the aggregate data indicate that, on average, wages have been flexible. By contrast, evidence from the micro data suggests that nominal wages are downwardly rigid most of the time. We also find that downward nominal wage rigidity can differ across industries at both industry and individual levels. At the individual level, wage rigidity is greater in the service than in the manufacturing sector, even though the latter exhibits smaller volatility in its rate of wage growth.Keywords: Downward nominal wage rigidity, UnemploymentJEL Classification: J30, J6(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)I. IntroductionAfter the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, many countries experienced a sudden increase in unemployment as they suffered from economic recession. Even after several years of financial crisis, unemployment has not returned to its previous level; instead, high unemployment rates have persisted. This phenomenon is somewhat puzzling. One may expect a high unemployment rate to lead to lower wages (the price of labor). In such a situation, unemployment can be alleviated through wage cuts. In reality, however, this adjustment rarely happens. Schmitt-Grohe? and Uribe (2013) confirm that countries in the Eurozone have failed to adjust wages (measured as nominal hourly wages), which has resulted in widespread unemployment. The phenomenon by which the (nominal) wage is resistant to change is called the downward nominal wage rigidity (DNWR).1Downward nominal wage rigidity can be particularly costly in a low inflation environment, a situation that many countries have faced in recent years.2 For example, when inflation is high, firms can adjust their labor costs by paying relatively lower real wages without cutting nominal wages. They can offset increases in labor costs with high inflation, resulting in the real increases in labor cost to be well below the nominal figures. On the contrary, avoiding large labor costs in a low inflation environment is more difficult for firms because they cannot reduce their real labor costs without actual wage cuts. Therefore, the unemployment rate may rise because the only way for a firm to cut labor costs is through adjustments in employment. Thus, the existence of DNWR may be an important force to account for the high unemployment rate during low inflation. Examining the existence or degree of DNWR may provide some insights into how the labor market responds flexibly to a sudden (exogenous) negative shock or to changing economic conditions.A large volume of existing literature has examined micro data on the distribution of individual wage increases. In addition, many scholars have attempted to explain the sustained high unemployment rates in U.S. and Europe since the Great Recession by investigating the existence of nominal or real wage rigidity. Several studies suggest that nominal wage rigidity may have contributed to the persistence of high unemployment since the recent crisis. Similar studies have unveiled specific factors responsible for the high unemployment rates in Japan during its Lost Decade when concerns on deflation were high. Nevertheless, research on nominal wage rigidity in Korea has been scant. Thus, our paper attempts to provide certain evidence of nominal wage rigidity in Korea by using micro and macro data. In the past, the lack of proper individual wage data hindered researchers from examining this issue. However, household income panel data has become available since 1999, enabling us to document evidence based on existing literature and provide our own to support the existence of nominal wage rigidity in Korea.Related LiteratureSeveral strands of the literature have studied nominal wage rigidity; hence, before proceeding with our study, we present several strands closely linked to the concerns of this paper. …

Economic Rationale Behind the Policy Regarding Foreign Investment in France

France has the world's fifth largest economy by nominal figures and the ninth largest economy by PPP figures. It has the second largest economy in Europe (behind its main economic partner Germany) in nominal figures, based on the dynamic industrial structure of the French economy. When choosing where to invest internationally there are a couple of important considerations that should be taken into account. Understanding International Investment France your international investment options is the first step to making wise investment choices and the process is best undertaken with expert advice. Considering the importance of foreign investment and the subsequent benefits it brings. The French government has also established various agencies that work to attract more foreign investment in the country. In order to improve the competitiveness of French companies, the French government has decided to invest massively in a “National Pact for Growth, Competitiveness and Employment”. The Report highlights the confidence in the French economy shown by North American investors, who were the source of 26 % of investment decisions in 2012 and the growing share of projects from the emerging markets (8%). Over 800 offices under foreign control were active in the competitiveness clusters and over 2,000 foreign companies opened an office in France, taking advantage of the Research and Development Tax Credit.

Comparison Between Theoretical and Actual Intracoronary Stent Dimensions in Non-Complex Lesions

The minimum in-stent lumen diameter is a predictor of restenosis. Stent dimensions provided by manufacturers are derived from in vitro tests. The aim of this study was to compare actual stent dimensions obtained by angiography and intracoronary ultrasound with dimensions that would be expected theoretically for a given inflation pressure in a cohort of 100 non-complex lesions suitable for direct stenting. Significant differences were found between the theoretical diameters and those observed by angiography and ultrasound. The actual-to-theoretical diameter ratio was 0.83 (0.09) when measured using angiography and 0.78 (0.10), using intravascular ultrasound. In lesions without severe calcification, stent dimensions were significantly smaller than indicated by the manufacturer. Nominal figures should not be used as reference values for stent implantation.

Experimental Study on Interlayer Magnetic Coupling in Sputtered Al/Fe/Al/Gd Magnetic Multilayer Films. I

Interlayer magnetic coupling (IMC) between Fe and Gd layers through Al spacer has been experimentally studied on [Al( R A)/Gd(40 A)/Al( R A)/Fe(20 A)]× N /Al(5 A) magnetic multilayers, where R =0, 5, 10, and 20 as nominal figures. Magnetization curves and the temperature dependence of magnetization are reported. Magnetic Compton-profile technique has been used to determine the amounts and the signs of spin magnetizations of Fe and Gd layers for R =5 and 20. A line-shape analysis of the magnetic Compton profile on the multilayer of R =5 has verified that the IMC is antiferromagnetic, and the negative small amount of magnetization of Gd layer exists even at room temperature under 1 kOe, despite the absence of ferromagnetic magnetization of a Al(5 A)/Gd(40 A) multilayer at room temperature. The antiferromagnetic IMC has been confirmed in the case of R =0, 5 and 10, but the IMC is not observed in the case of R =20.

Development of a Surface-Controlled Electric Gas-Lift Valve

Summary In the design of conventional gas-lift installations, the size and setting of the operating valve are determined according to theoretical performance at nominal well conditions. Unfortunately, gas-lift valves are subjected to the effects of a dynamic and often transient environment that can significantly com promise operating efficiency. To manage these environmental effects better, a new electric gas-lift valve (EGLV) system in which the size of the downhole gas injection orifice can be remotely adjusted from a surface control unit has been prototyped and field tested. The EGLV system consists of an electrically operated, surface-controlled downhole valve, a downhole pressure transducer, tubing mandrel, electric cable system, and surface controller. By combining known well parameters with real-time tubing pressure and valve-position data relayed from downhole, the control unit can adjust the valve to current well conditions. This capability allows the operator to produce the well with maximum effectiveness for whatever production priorities have been chosen. Controlling valve response in this manner can be especially desirable for such applications as limited lift-gas availability, limited compressor capabilities, drawdown within designated limits, control of short-term production upsets, and areas where reservoir management objectives are specific to the application. Enhanced efficiency of gas-lift operation and optimized production were the goals of this developmental program, and testing results obtained to date have shown enough promise to initiate the next stage of the program-an advanced wireline-retrievable version of the system. Introduction The use of gas lift for primary recovery is common. Operational theory and equipment design have continued to improve over the years, but the transient nature of the gas-lift environment and numerous interrelated parameters have made the goal of optimized gas-lift performance a moving target. One of the most recently developed techniques is valve performance testing. The valve is tested for its response to a range of particular well and gas-injection conditions. Although this procedure can result in a better installation design and a better under standing of well conditions, valve orifice size and opening sensitivity are still fixed parameters; they are preset at the surface to a defined set of nominal well conditions. Wells that produce steadily and change slowly over time have the best chance of being produced efficiently on conventional gas-lift equipment. Even in those cases, however, the actual operating parameters can differ significantly from calculated nominal figures.

One week's stability of TPN mixtures in plastic bags

_ [5] Pamper1 H, Kleinberger G 1981 Morphologic changes of Intralipi& 20% Linosomes in “all-in-one” -solutions duringprolonged storage. Infusionstherapie 9: 86-91 [6] Burnham W R, Hansrani P K, Knott C E, Cook J A and Davis S S 1983 Stability of a fat emulsion based intravenous feeding mixture. International Journal of Pediatrics 13: 9-22 The EVA plastic is permeable to oxygen and long term storage of easily oxidized substances like some of the amino-acids may give problems. During 1 month of refrigerated storage plus 1 day at room temperature for infusion, no degredation was observed in the mixtures tested (Table 4). The major part of the amino-acid con- centrations fell within f 50/O of the nominal figures, only very few outside * lo“,,, . Surprisingly high figures were seen with tryptophan, up to + 34”/6. Consistently low values were found with cysteine/cystin, -33%. However, these figures were extreme already at the zero time analyses indicating a systematic uncertainty of the analytical method. Improvement of the analytical tech- nique is ongoing. Electrolytes and glucose concentra- tion did not change significantly. [7] Jeppsson R I, Sjijberg B 1984 Compatibility of Parenteral Nutrition Solutions when mixed in a Plastic Bag. Clinical Nutrition 2: 149-158 [8] Allwood M C 1984 Compatibility and stability of TPN mixtures in Big Bags. Journal of Clinical and Hospital

Overload clutch materials for agricultural p.t.o. driven machinery

The performance of a range of friction materials was measured using an experimental overload clutch. Various types of organic, sintered and bearing material showed vastly different behaviour during bedding in and the consistency of the coefficient of friction (μ) in the bedded condition varied significantly. Overall one type of sintered material gave better results than average. The measured coefficients of friction were between 20% and 170% greater than the manufacturers' nominal figures and it was suggested that this was due to the unique conditions imposed on materials in overload clutches. Firstly, an overload clutch is never disengaged and therefore wear particles are trapped between the surfaces, and secondly since the clamping load remains constant, the clutch always operates at its maximum work rate. It was concluded that present materials used in friction plate clutches have two inevitable drawbacks, namely lack of consistency of μ values and adhesion to the mating surface after periods of disuse. Consistency of performance may be improved by using either metallic or non-metallic based bearing materials and further work will be carried out to test these. Possible methods of overcoming the adhesion problem may be a combined overload and overrun clutch which utilizes the overrun energy to separate the plates, or an oil-immersed overload clutch.

Category Selection and Encoding as a Function of Overtraining

Following undertraining, criterion training, or overtraining on two sets of four nonsense figures each, 40 male and 20 female undergraduates were administered a questionnaire designed to investigate the way in which they transformed the nominal figures to functional stimuli. Overtraining resulted in subjects identifying the four nonsense figures within a stimulus set from the same representational category, e.g., trees, dragons, sharp points, etc. Half the overtrained subjects employed stimulus encoding and the other half used transformations of stimulus selection. None of the undertrained or criterion trained subjects transformed entire stimulus sets into representational categories.

Application of the MS7 solid source mass spectrometer to the analysis of iron and low-alloy steel

Standard samples of high-purity iron and low-alloy steel have been examined systematically on the AEI MS7 mass spectrometer with a view to determining the general levels of accuracy and reproducibility obtainable for impurities in the range 0.001 % to 0.1 %. Twenty-four elements have been determined in different samples by direct examination on the spectrometer and, with a few exceptions, the mean results were found to be in reasonable agreement with the nominal figures. Many elements gave coefficients of variation between 15% and 35% but certain elements such as sulphur, phosphorus, arsenic and lead showed larger deviations. Use of argon ion bombardment to clean the electrodes to reduce the inherent carbon blank and also to determine gas levels has been investigated. Results of the correct magnitude were obtained for nitrogen and carbon although with poor reproducibility. Blank values were not reduced sufficiently to permit any useful values for oxygen to be obtained.