Nominal Characteristics Research Articles

Charging System for Auxilliary Storage in Plug-In Vehicle

Almost all vehicles have their own on-board batteries charging systems, while some do allow the charging of their batteries using off-board batteries charging systems, such as public charging stations. This charging system is an AC-DC power circuit that needs to be managed to respect the nominal characteristics of the vehicle's batteries and prolong their lifespan. It should also keep an eye on the batteries while they run to guard against harm caused by charging or discharging. The ACDC power circuit can be constructed using a variety of topologies depending on the desired system characteristics. There are two different types of architectures—direct and indirect architectures—that can be used to link EVs to the grid. The EV and the grid system operator only have one communication channel to use under the direct architecture. On the other hand, the indirect architecture calls for communication between a grid operator and a middle system.

АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЕ НОМИНАЛЬНОЙ СТАТИЧЕСКОЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ШИРОКОДИАПАЗОННОГО ДАТЧИКА ВЛАЖНОСТИ

A laboratory setup for the study of wide-range piezo-sorption sensitive elements in
 the measurement of gas humidity using nitrogen as an example was assembled. It is determined that
 all sensitive elements have a variation of statistical parameters, which leads to an error. To reduce the
 error, it was pro-posed to introduce a correction factor. To determine the nominal static characteristics, the results of the experiments were approximated by a polynomial of the 6th degree. In connection with the difficulty of identifying the model parameters, it was proposed to use 3rd degree polynomials in various parts of the humidity concentration.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ИНФИНИТИВА В МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ИНСТРУКЦИЯХ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)

The article attempts to analyse the features of the infinitive functioning, taking into account the specificity of its morphological forms and syntactic functions by the material of medication instructions, to identify similarities and differences of its functioning in the English and Russian languages with regard to the features of the infinitive essence, its verbal and nominal characteristics. The authors also draw attention to the specificity of using the infinitive, similarities and differences of its use in medications application instructions and medical job descriptions by the material of the English and Russian languages.

Research of Errors in Measuring Instruments with Fixed Ends of Measurement Range by Integral Functional Method

The article presents the research results of additional errors in measuring instruments caused by the change of normalized influential parameters. The analysis of modern methods of additional measurement errors determination is performed, and their disadvantages are shown. A new method for research and determination of additional errors is proposed, which is based on Euler’s optimality integral functional. Applicability of such measurement errors research by the integral functional method is substantiated, the essence of which is to determine the difference of planes with nominal and current static characteristics of the measuring instrument with further definition of the integral functional and measurement errors. The research results of additional measurement errors are presented for the case when the static characteristic of the measuring instrument is linear and fixed at the initial input signal. It is shown that for measuring instruments with the linear static characteristic the change of the influence parameter does not change the characteristic linearity, but only leads to nonlinearity of the additional measurement error with increase in deviation of the influence parameter from its normalized value. The mathematical models of additional measurement errors and their graphical distribution along the measurement range are presented.

The NP in academic Maltese English

Abstract Despite recent advances, Maltese English remains under-researched as a regional variety of English. This study employs an error analysis approach to identify its nominal characteristics based on the assumption that fossilized learner competences shared by a speech community eventually develop into new dialects and that transfer phenomena play a pivotal role. The study analyses article usage, singular and plural forms and noncount nouns and finds that overuse of the definite article is a likely candidate as a feature of Maltese English.

Shock wave boundary layer interaction controlled by surface arc plasma actuators

An array of 16 surface arc plasma actuators (SAPAs) is employed to control the shock wave boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) at a 26° compression ramp in a Mach 2.0 flow. A new electrical circuit is used to actuate all 16 SAPAs. The electrical measurement reveals significant augmentation in peak current (200 A) and an energy deposition of 1.05 J, which are the nominal characteristics of the setup. The SAPA array is later applied for SWBLI control. The actuator array is placed upstream of the SWBLI and operates at four different frequencies, namely, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 5 kHz. In the wind tunnel experiment, high-speed schlieren at 25 000 frames per second is used for flow visualization. The shock wave system is modified significantly by the controlling gas blobs (CGBs) or controlling gas bulbs (CGBUs) generated by SAPAs. The foot portion of the separation shock wave disappears, and the oblique shock wave bifurcates when the CGBs pass through the interaction region. The shock weakening effect is further verified through the rms of the schlieren intensity of the same phase.

Nominalization patterns in Alto Perené, a Kampa Arawak language of Peru

Abstract The paper investigates the inventory of nominalizing forms and examines restrictions on the morphosyntactic behavior of lexical and clausal nominalizations in Alto Perené (also called Ashéninka Perené), a Kampa Arawak language of Peru. It is shown that the deverbalization of lexical nominalizations is basically total. The substantivization cline of lexical nominalizations is characterized by various degrees of acquisition of nominal properties. Clausal nominalizations are found to retain aspect and realis marking and preserve argument structure. Clausal realis nominalizations display a variety of nominal characteristics such as spatial case, nominal plural number, and definiteness marking. Clausal irrealis nominalizations show highly restricted nominal properties. The relativization strategy is formed with the help of the participant nominalizers -ri and -ni.

Empirical confidence interval calibration for population-level effect estimation studies in observational healthcare data

Observational healthcare data, such as electronic health records and administrative claims, offer potential to estimate effects of medical products at scale. Observational studies have often been found to be nonreproducible, however, generating conflicting results even when using the same database to answer the same question. One source of discrepancies is error, both random caused by sampling variability and systematic (for example, because of confounding, selection bias, and measurement error). Only random error is typically quantified but converges to zero as databases become larger, whereas systematic error persists independent from sample size and therefore, increases in relative importance. Negative controls are exposure–outcome pairs, where one believes no causal effect exists; they can be used to detect multiple sources of systematic error, but interpreting their results is not always straightforward. Previously, we have shown that an empirical null distribution can be derived from a sample of negative controls and used to calibrate P values, accounting for both random and systematic error. Here, we extend this work to calibration of confidence intervals (CIs). CIs require positive controls, which we synthesize by modifying negative controls. We show that our CI calibration restores nominal characteristics, such as 95% coverage of the true effect size by the 95% CI. We furthermore show that CI calibration reduces disagreement in replications of two pairs of conflicting observational studies: one related to dabigatran, warfarin, and gastrointestinal bleeding and one related to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We recommend CI calibration to improve reproducibility of observational studies.

Radiation Hardening by the Modification of Shallow Trench Isolation Process in Partially Depleted SOI MOSFETs

Two radiation hardening processes for shallow trench isolation (STI), i.e., Si+ implantation and STI oxide nitridation are investigated, including the impact on nominal electrical characteristics and radiation hardness. The total ionizing dose effects of the nMOS devices are proved to be sensitive to the STI radiation hardening process conditions. There are optimum process conditions to achieve the best effectiveness of radiation hardening. Then, a 130-nm radiation-hardened PDSOI technology has been developed. The radiation hardness is verified by static random access memories with small storage capacities.

Development of a Low Cost Power Meter Based on A Digital Signal Controller

AbstractThe monitoring of power quality is a central topic for both household electrical and industrial equipment. Typically, the lacks of quality in a power system (both a public mains and an industrial power supply network) involve interruptions and deviations of the actual supply signals from the nominal characteristics, with potential annoying effects in electrical power systems and problems in industrial and communication apparatus. In this paper, the design and implementation of a measuring system based on a high-performance microcontroller that carries out the power quality analysis of the mains is presented. The system measures the fundamental parameters related to the system under monitoring, that can be a single or a three phase network. The proposed measurement instrument is mainly based on the Microchip PIC32MZ2048ECH100 Digital Signal Controller (DSC) and the Texas Instruments ADS8558 A/D converters (ADCs). Starting from voltage and current sampled values, simultaneously acquired by the converters, the DSC calculates the following parameters: frequency; RMS voltage; RMS current; phase shift; active power; reactive power; apparent power; THD. The measured parameters are also externally transmitted via a serial link. In the paper a prototype of the proposed instrument is described. It is linked to a PC and results shown on a LabVIEW based user interface, reporting also results from lab tests during the metrological characterization phase. Its main features (cost effectiveness, reduced dimensions and low power consumption) make it suitable for installation into existing electric cabinet of civil and commercial users. The continuous and real-time monitoring capability, managed both locally or remotely, is one of the most interesting features.

Reliable techniques for integrated circuit identification and true random number generation using 1.5-transistor flash memory

Flash memory bits, like other integrated circuit (IC) devices, are prone to random variability in their actual versus nominal characteristics. We present the use of 1.5-transistor flash memory cells in physically unclonable functions leveraging their erase speed variability. This type of memory is interesting for the internet of things due to its wide availability as intellectual property at foundries. Using experimentally measured results, we show simple methods that provide high reliability with no or limited need for helper data and error correction. High quality fingerprints for IC identification are demonstrated. Moreover, techniques to remove systematic variations from the array response are shown, allowing the resulting binary strings to pass all National Institute of Standards and Technology tests for randomness. Consequently, with low complexity helper functions, true random numbers can be readily produced.

Effects of Undesired Asymmetries and Nonuniformities in Differential Lines

In this paper, the effects of undesired asymmetry and nonuniformity on differential line (DL) circuits are modeled as deviations from the ideal, nominal geometrical characteristics of a perfectly symmetrical and uniform DL, whose performance is taken as reference. To this end, the involved multiconductor transmission line equations are solved in the modal domain by a decoupled approach based on the perturbation of the p.u.l. parameters of the ideal DL on one hand, and on the assumption of weak coupling between the corresponding differential and common mode equivalent circuits on the other. Three illustrative DL structures are considered and analytically solved, with the objective to put in evidence the effects of the aforesaid geometrical nonidealities on the degradation of the differential mode signal propagating along the DL as well as on the generation of undesired common mode currents/voltages. A circuit interpretation of the involved phenomena is provided, and the relevant geometrical parameters are identified.

Size Matters: Tail Risk, Momentum, and Trend Following in International Equity Portfolios

The authors investigate the relationship between size and momentum across a wide range of international equity markets. They distinguish between relative momentum, where by assets are ranked according to their performance against each other, and absolute momentum (or trend following), where by assets are categorized according to whether they have recently exhibited positive, nominal return characteristics. They find only limited evidence for the outperformance of relative momentum portfolios. Trend following, however, is observed to be a very effective strategy over the study period, delivering superior risk-adjusted returns across a range of size categories in both developed and emerging markets while not reversing the performance superiority of smaller firms. The authors also find, contrary to popular perception, that it is the mid-cap sector that dominates in emerging markets, and they suggest that this sector should be considered as being equivalent to developed economy small-cap investing.

Degradation effects on single crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules subjected to high impulse‐voltages

Scope of the current study is to examine the electrical characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) modules after being subjected to high impulse voltages, which are usually generated by lightning or switching surges. Tests were conducted at the High Voltage Laboratory of the University of Patras in Greece on PV modules of 5 and 195 Wp derived from different manufacturers, by performing various stress scenarios. The I-V and P-V characteristic curves of the examined modules, before and after the impulse voltage stress tests, are compared with each other considering the modules' ability to maintain their nominal electrical characteristics. After certain periods of time, the electrical performances of the stressed modules are examined again in order to ensure whether they regain some or all of their properties in case of prior differentiation. The experimental results are compared with theoretical estimations, so as to confirm the rightness of the presented procedure.

On Verbs Modified by “yige” in Subject or Object Position

Verbs modified by “yige” in subject or object position are very common in modern Chinese, which shows the nominal characteristics of Chinese verbs. However, “yige” is highlighting rather than realizing the nominal characteristics of Chinese verbs since most of Chinese verbs can directly be used in subject or object position and act as referential expressions. Whether verbs can be modified by “yige” is related to the intensity level of their mobility and the characteristics of boundedness. Weak verbs are more likely to be modified by “yige”, and verbs that can be modified by “yige” are all bounded verbs. However, whether bounded verbs can be modified by “yige” is also influenced by the inner compounding pattern of the verbs. Verbs modified by “yige” are in an open status as a result of the generalization and grammaticalization of the semantic function and the intensification of the marking function of “ge”. The purpose of using “ge” is to eliminate the timeliness and highlight the discreteness of the verbs in subject or object position.

Historical Returns of the Market Portfolio

Using a newly constructed unique dataset, this study is the first to document returns of the market portfolio for a long period and with a high level of detail. Our market portfolio basically contains all assets in which financial investors have invested. We analyze nominal, real, and excess return and risk characteristics of this global multi-asset market portfolio and the asset categories over the period 1960 to 2015. The global market portfolio realizes a compounded real return of 4.38% with a standard deviation of 11.6% from 1960 until 2015. In the inflationary period from 1960 to 1979, the compounded real return of the GMP is 2.27%, while this is 5.57% in the disinflationary period from 1980 to 2015. The reward for the average investor is a compounded return of 3.24%-points above the saver’s. We also compare the performance of an investor who holds the market portfolio with an investor who uses simple heuristics for the portfolio allocation. Our results suggest that the market portfolio is close to the mean-variance frontier, but our heuristic allocations achieve a significantly higher reward for risk.

Dowcipy o góralach a tzw. duch góralszczyzny

Highlander jokes and so-called spirit of the highlandThe aim of this article is to examine the authenticity of popular ‘highlanders’ jokes’ published in many anthologies of humour as well as in separate dedicated volumes often termed ‘highland­ers’ humour’ thus suggesting folkloristic sources of the texts. The analysis of representative ex­amples shows that most jokes are thoroughly fictive constructions profiled as ethnic jokes without authentic origins. The anonymous sources of these jokes create them with two main qualities: 1. the tendency to use puns, black humour or even nonsense humour which contrasts with the rather realistic humour of folkloristic texts; 2. incorporating elements of modern reality such as technical gadgets comically incongruous in the context of the stereotypical image of highlanders’ culture. A true portrait of highlander culture, a quality of authentic folklore, is replaced by purely nominal ethnic characteristics, often added to primarily non- ethnic jokes, implying that the ethnic joke is more funny than the same joke without such an ethnic characteristic for instance, a joke about Scottish avarice is deemed more funny than the same joke about a non-descript miser.

Critical lengths of grade in highway design for wind farms

Wind energy as a power source is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels. Globally, an increasing number of wind farms is being planned and constructed. The conditions of highway design indexes for wind farms are unique, and the current design standards are not appropriate for determining the necessary critical lengths of grade. The relative vehicle parameters for aerogenerator transportation are investigated in detail, and the typical design vehicle for aerogenerator transportation is selected. The dynamic characteristics, such as acceleration and deceleration performances, are analysed based on the nominal dynamic, kinematic and operating characteristics of the typical vehicle on wind farm grades and terrain elevation. This study proposes a formulation to obtain the relation between speed and distance travelled for heavier design vehicles, from which speed-gain and speed-drop curves are calculated and drawn. In addition, the total accumulative speed–distance profiles with different gears are also combined. Through an extensive calculation, this paper also provides practitioners with design tables for the maximum critical length of typical design vehicles for large aerogenerator transportation under full load and 80 t load. The research results can serve as a reference for aerogenerator transportation highway design and construction and are helpful for related highway geometric design guidelines.

IDENTIFICATION OF NOMINAL DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRCRAFT GAS TEMPERATURE SENSORS

The existing methods only allowed to determine the dynamic or average characteristics of specific copies of gas temperature sensors as the airflow test results of a limited number of specific copies of gas temperature sensors were carried out on a certified airflow equipment. The actual operating conditions of aircraft gas temperature sensors significantly differ from those at airflow equipment. The aim of the study was to develop methods of recalculation of a test results of a limited number of gas temperature sensors that were received at certified airflow equipment and to get nominal dynamic characteristics of a particular type of gas temperature sensors in the anticipated operating conditions. This study offers the algorithm for the identification of the nominal dynamic characteristics of gas temperature sensors that are used to measure the temperature of gases in aircraft gas turbine engines. The algorithm makes it possible to 1) register the transient characteristics of gas temperature sensors of a particular type at a predetermined rate of air flow, 2) calculate the heat transfer coefficient between the gas temperature sensors and the air flow at each airflow rate, 3) measure the average transient characteristics of the gas temperature sensors at each airflow rate, 4) set the parameters of the hyperbolic function of the nominal variables of the time constants of selected gas temperature sensors from the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient is calculated based on the expected operating conditions of the gas temperature sensors. The result of the study was that the parameters of the hyperbolic function of the nominal variables of the time constants for the dynamic model of the second order gas temperature sensors were found. The developed method makes it possible to predict the dynamic performance of the specific types of gas temperature sensors in the expected operating conditions.

Enhancing of nominal characteristic trajectory following control for motion systems

The goal of this paper is to enhance a practical nominal characteristic trajectory following (NCTF) controller that is specifically designed for two-mass point-to-point positioning systems. A nominal characteristics trajectory contained in the NCTF controller acts as movement/motion reference and a compensator is utilized to force the object to detect and follow the reference/desired trajectory. The object must follow and track closely and should be as fast as possible. The NCTF controller is designed with two different intelligent based compensator approaches which are fuzzy logic and extended minimal resource allocation network. The proposed controller which is NCTF are compared with the conventional proportional integral compensator. Then the results of simulation are discussed for the positioning performances. The inertia variations due to the effect of the design parameters are also assessed to see the robustness of controllers. The results show that the NCTF control method designed from an intelligent based compensator has a better positioning performance in terms of percentage of overshoot, settling time, and steady state error than the classical based compensator.