Nomenclatural Adjustments Research Articles

The Taxonomic Status of Genera within the Fabeae (Vicieae), with a Special Focus on Pisum

The taxonomy of the tribe Fabeae (Vicieae) has long been problematic, but an analysis by Schaefer et al. in 2012 gave an exceptionally clear view of the tribe and noted the possibility that some nomenclatural adjustments may be required at some future date. These authors suggested several options, expressing some preferences. However, there has been a recent change to formally accepted names, implementing one of these possibilities, but without any additional relevant information. This change seems unjustified and unhelpful. We therefore present an argument for the retention, or re-instatement, of the genera Pisum, Vavilovia, and Lens until such time as new data support this requirement and there is no nomenclatural solution that is both accurate and convenient.

Apocynaceae of continental South-East Asia: new species, new records and new combinations

This paper makes necessary taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments prior to publication of accounts of Apocynaceae (Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae) for the Floras of Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. It includes the publication of two new species, Gymnemopsis krabiensis and Gymnemopsis thailandica; new country records of Dolichopetalum kwangsiense, Dischidia antennifera, Gongreos curtisii and Vincetoxicum cissoides for Thailand and of Gongronema napalense for both Thailand and Myanmar; two new combinations in Gongreos; 10 new combinations and four new names in Secamone; three new combinations in Stephanotis; one new combination in Pseudosarcolobus; and 11 typifications.

Rediscovery of Prosthechea sessiliflora (Orchidaceae, Laeliinae) in the Brazilian Cerrado domain provides valuable taxonomic data and allows nomenclatural adjustments

Prosthechea sessiliflora is a Brazilian endemic orchid species notably poorly represented in biological collections. The type material whereabouts is unknown, and the species had no further herbarium specimens until very recently. After the recent rediscovery of the species in the Cerrado domain, a deeper morphological evaluation was possible, as well as necessary nomenclatural adjustments. Herein, we present an updated morphological description of the species, together with a composite digital plate highlighting its morphology, perform a lectotypification and epitypification, and provide a preliminary conservation assessment of the species, in addition to nomenclatural and taxonomic notes.

Notes on Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) from central Brazil and Paraguay

Paepalanthus balansae, P. lundii, and P. scholiophyllus are morphologically related species growing in swampy areas of central South America, and are frequently misidentified in collections worldwide. We discuss here new and relevant morphological data to elucidate the circumscription of these species. Paepalanthus balansae is maintained as a distinct species following its current circumscription, while the wide morphological variation of P. scholiophyllus is understood here within a broader P. lundii concept and treated as synonymous. We report herein the presence of short lateral branches covered by a few bracts and subtending a single or a few inflorescences for the first time in P. lundii and P. balansae. This character, along with floral details and the scarce molecular data available, reinforce that these species are closely related to Actinocephalus. We also provide nomenclatural adjustments for the types and infrageneric names related to these taxa, along with a distribution map and images.

Taxonomic revision of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with adjustments in the new classification

Chamaecrista, one of the largest genera of Leguminosae with 364 species, had its infrageneric classification recently redefined based on phylogenetic studies, and is now divided into four sections and three subsections. The section Absus, which now includes the section Grimaldia, was subdivided into three subsections: Viscosa, Zygophyllum and Absus, the latter being revised here due to several taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments that are necessary. Such review resulted from study of specific literature, analysis of ca. 2000 collections of herbariums, including all type collections and expeditions to collect and observe specimens in field. We recognized 18 species to subsection Absus, a new one combination (Chamaecrista major), nine synonymizations and two lectotypifications. The review contains a morphology study of the section and species, an identification key to species, descriptions, illustrations, photographs, maps, updated nomenclature, conservation status, phenology for all species.

Typifications and new synonyms in Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) from Brazil

We propose new synonyms and typifications for Brazilian taxa of Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae). Twenty names are synonymized under the following accepted species: S. cayennensis, S. fiebrigii, S. gesnerioides, S. harleyi, S. hispida, S. indica, S. martiana, and S. reticulata. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: S. bicolor, S. bromleyana, S. crassifolia subsp. abairensis, S. elatior, S. gesnerioides var. cuneata, S. gesnerioides var. rotundata, S. glazioviana, and S. hirsuta. An epitype is designated for S. lanata, previously considered as a doubtful taxon and now treated as an accepted species, and also for S. restingensis. The necessity of such taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments was noticed after the examination of a large set of herbarium collections (including the type specimens), specialized literature, and field observations. Our results support a forthcoming taxonomic treatment of the Brazilian Stachytarpheta.

Noccaea klimesii (Coluteocarpeae; Brassicaceae), a new species from Ladakh, India

Noccaea Moench (1802: 89) is a large genus the vast majority of its species were originally described in Thlaspi Linnaeus (1753: 645). Meyer (1973) divided the latter genus into 12 segregates, including Noccaea, to which he placed 67 Eurasian and NW African species in four sections (Meyer: 2006). Experts on the Brassicaceae differ in the delimitation of Noccaea and some (e.g., Al-Shehbaz: 2014; Firat et al.: 2014; Güzel et al.: 2018; Özgişi et al.: 2018a, 2018b; Özüdoğru: 2018; Özüdoğru et al.: 2019; Özgişi: 2020a, 2020b) broadly delimit the genus to include most of Meyer’s dozen segregates and accept some 136 species, including the more recent novelties and nomenclatural adjustments by Bartolucii, Galasso & Peruzzi in Peruzzi et al. (2015), German (2016: 2017, 2018), Güzel et al. (2018), Özgişi et al. (2018b), and Özüdoğru et al. (2019). By contrast, a narrower generic concept for Noccaea was recognized in BrassiBase (https://brassibase.cos.uni-heidelberg.de/), Ali et al. (2016), and Karaismailoğlu & Erol (2018). As currently delimited, all except six species of Noccaea are Eurasian. Two species are endemic to the United States and one each in Algeria, Mexico, Patagonian South America, and Arctic Canada and Alaska (Al-Shehbaz: 2014).

Toward the robust resolution of taxonomic ambiguity within Lepocinclis (Euglenida) based on DNA sequencing and morphology.

DNA sequences were analyzed for three groups of species from the Lepocinclis genus (L. acus‐like, L. oxyuris‐like, and L. tripteris‐like) along with cellular morphology. Phylogenetic analyses were based on nuclear SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA, and plastid‐encoded LSU rDNA. DNA sequences were obtained from species available in culture collections (L. acus SAG 1224‐1a and UTEX 1316) and those isolated directly from the environment in Poland (48 isolates), resulting in 79 new sequences. The obtained phylogenetic tree of Lepocinclis included 27 taxa, five of which are presented for the first time (L. convoluta, L. gracillimoides, L. longissima, L. pseudospiroides, and L. torta) and nine taxonomically verified and described. Based on morphology, literature data, and phylogenetic analyses, the following species were distinguished: in the L. acus‐like group, L. longissima and L. acus; in the L. tripteris‐like group, L. pseudospiroides, L. torta, and L. tripteris; in the L. oxyuris‐like group, L. gracillimoides, L. oxyuris var. oxyuris, and L. oxyuris var. helicoidea. For all verified species, diagnostic descriptions were emended, nomenclatural adjustments were made, and epitypes were designated.

<strong>Novelties in <em>Mimosa</em> sect. <em>Mimosa</em> ser. <em>Mimosa</em> subser. <em>Polycephalae</em>: a new species, new status, and new synonyms</strong>

Taxonomic studies of Mimosa subser. Polycephalae revealed a new species and indicated the need for taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments in the group. Mimosa pseudoracemosa is described and illustrated as a new species from Goiás State in central-western Brazil. We discuss its geographic distribution, environmental preferences, phenology and conservation status and compare it with the morphologically similar M. pseudoradula and M. flavocaesia. A new status for M. pseudoradula var. detonsa and a new name are proposed (= M. detonsa), including M. pseudoradula var. anapolitana and M. pseudoradula var. crystallites as its synonyms, as well an updated circumscription for M. pseudoradula without the admission of varieties. We also present descriptions, images, maps, comments on their distributions and morphological relationships, flowering and fruiting periods, and conservation statuses. In addition to the morphological and geographic discontinuities of the aforementioned taxa, their trichome micromorphology supported the establishment of the new species, as well as the taxonomic decisions involving M. pseudoradula.

<strong>Nomenclatural adjustments in two South American species of <em>Senecio</em> (Compositae, Senecioneae)</strong>

After the monographic revision of the genus Senecio Linnaeus (1753: 866) from Chile by Cabrera (1949), several nomenclatural adjustments were made (Jeffrey 1992, Soldano 1998, Calvo 2020, Wu et al. 2020). Herein, we point out the illegitimacy of two names that have widely been accepted in the literature dealing with Senecio in the Southern Cone of South America (Cabrera 1949, Cabrera 1971, Marticorena & Quezada 1985, Freire 2008, Freire et al. 2014, Rodríguez et al. 2018). The respective priority names are indicated. Moreover, the name S. crepidoides Philippi (1894: 252) is lectotypified.

Nomenclatural adjustments, new synonyms, and typifications in Senecio (Compositae) of the Chilean flora

Thus far, the genus Senecio L. in Chile has only been thoroughly revised by the Argentinian botanist Cabrera, who published a monograph in 1949. He treated 11 names as dubious, 10 of which have remained unresolved until now. Herein, the taxonomic position of six names is elucidated, i.e., S. alsophilus Phil., S. araucanus Phil., S. leiophyllus Turcz., S. rufescens DC., S. simpsonii Phil., and S. tenuicaulis Phil. Moreover, the priority name for the illegitimate S. glaber Less. is indicated, the name S. botijae C. Ehrh. is synonymized with S. calcicola Meyen & Walp., and S. borchersii Phil. is synonymized with S. hakeifolius Bertero ex DC. The names S. araucanus, S. hakeifolius, S. leiophyllus, and S. tocornalii Phil. are lectotypified; likewise, S. alsophilus and S. simpsonii are neotypified.

Comparative leaf micromorphology ofDrypetesandPutranjiva(Putranjivaceae) and its taxonomic significance

AbstractPutranjivaceae are a pantropically distributed but poorly known glucosinulate-producing family of three genera (Drypetes, Putranjiva and Sibangea), previously included in Euphorbiaceae subfamily Phyllanthoideae. Characters of the leaf epidermis were previously suggested as being of infrafamilial taxonomic relevance, but epidermal features of the three genera have not so far been compared in the light of the phylogenetic relationships recovered by molecular data. Therefore, we compared the leaf micromorphology of 44 (out of c. 200) Drypetes spp. and two (out of three) Putranjiva spp. using light microscopy. Our findings revealed that there are more stomata types than previously reported in both genera. We also present a new record of stomatal complexes and epidermal cell characteristics. The cell wall ornamentation character on both surfaces of the epidermis is useful for distinguishing D. aframensis subsp. aframensis. Based on a combination of the studied characters, doubtful species of Drypetes and Putranjiva are recognizable as belonging to the two genera, and this will require taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments. Other taxonomically useful characters are trichome distribution and types and leaf areole shape and tertiary veins branching patterns that appear to be relatively constant across the two genera. Oil droplets located within the cell lumen in Putranjiva differentiates it from Drypetes, where they inwardly streak the epidermal walls among other features. Thus, our study provides evidence that the investigated leaf micromorphological characters are useful for distinguishing the species of the two genera, and they corroborate the existing infrageneric classification of Drypetes that was based on exomorphology.

<p><strong>Nomenclatural novelties in Miconieae (Melastomataceae): new synonym and typifications</strong></p>

(Nomenclatural novelties in Miconieae (Melastomataceae): new synonym and typifications). This contribution provides diagnostic morphological characters, geographic distribution data, synonymizations and typifications for three species of Miconieae. We clarify the taxonomic status of Clidemia raddiana as a new synonym for Miconia capilliflora and designate its lectotype. For Miconia capillaris and Miconia leptopus, we provide nomenclatural adjustments, due to the similarity of the epithets and morphological characteristics. We also designate a lectotype and a neotype, respectively, for these two species.

Nomenclatural adjustments for hybrids of the former Inula L. within Pentanema Cass. (Asteraceae)

Drastic recircumscription of Pentanema (Asteraceae) has resulted in transfers of many species from Inula, whereas hybrids with binomials have not received new combinations yet. However, names for interspecific hybrids of Inula auct. are in active current use, and a dozen nothospecies are regularly mentioned in floras, checklists, and research papers. I have facilitated 12 new combinations for nothospecies in Pentanema: P. ×adriaticum (Borbás) Seregin (P. hirtum × P. spiraeifolium), P. ×haussmannii (Huter) Seregin (P. ensifolium × P. hirtum), P. ×hispidum (Schur) Seregin (P. asperum × P. hirtum), P. ×hybridum (Baumg.) Seregin (P. ensifolium × P. germanicum), P. ×litorale (Borbás) Seregin (P. ensifolium × P. spiraeifolium), P. ×mucheri (Starm.) Seregin (P. salicinum × P. squarrosum), P. ×savii (Beck) Seregin (P. salicinum × P. spiraeifolium), P. ×semiamplexicaule (Reut.) Seregin (P. helveticum × P. salicinum), P. ×strictum (Tausch) Seregin (P. ensifolium × P. salicinum), P. ×suaveolens (Jacq.) Seregin (P. oculus-christi × P. squarrosum), P. ×transsilvanicum (Schur) Seregin (P. asperum × P. germanicum), P. ×vrabelyianum (Kern.) Seregin (P. asperum × P. ensifolium). A lectotype is designated for Inula ×hausmannii Huter in place of the superseded neotype published in 2019. Examples of current use are given for each hybrid. Availability of the new names will certainly be helpful for wider use and acceptance of Pentanema.

Senecio cymbalarifolius (L.) Less. is the correct name for S. sonchifolius (L.) J.C.Manning & Magoswana, nom. illeg. and clarification of the name S. sonchifolius (L.) Moench (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)

Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.Objectives: To effect requisite nomenclatural changes.Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and type material located and examined.Results: The combination Senecio sonchifolius (L.) J.C.Manning & Magoswana (2017), based on Othonna sonchifolia L., is an illegitimate later homonym for S. sonchifolius (L.) Moench (1802).Conclusions: The name Senecio cymbalarifolius (L.) Less. is the earliest legitimate name in Senecio for the taxon previously known as S. sonchifolius (L.) J.C.Manning & Magoswana, nom. illeg. On internal evidence, we conclude that S. sonchifolius(L.) Moench was intended as a combination based on Cacalia sonchifolia L. and that the citation of the basionym as Cineraria sonchifolia L. was an error.

Typification and application of the name Arctotis grandiflora Aiton (Asteraceae: Arctotideae)

Background: Ongoing taxonomic studies in the African genus Arctotis (Asteraceae) necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.Objectives: To evaluate the taxonomic status and application of the name Arctotis grandiflora Aiton.Methods: Type material and herbarium specimens were located and examined, relevant literature was consulted and wild populations were observed.Results: The type material of A. grandiflora Aiton comprises specimens of two taxa from independent gatherings. A lectotype is designated for A. grandiflora.Conclusion: The name A. grandiflora Aiton is a heterotypic synonym of Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J.Bergius. A revised synonymy for A. stoechadifolia is presented.

Redescription of Leposternon octostegum (Duméril, 1851), with an identification key for Brazilian Leposternon species, remarks on meristic methodology, and a proposal for pholidosis nomenclature (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae)

The amphisbaenian Leposternon octostegum (Duméril, 1851) is redescribed based on newly collected material from the state of Bahia, Brazil. Species validity was confirmed, and comparisons made to other Leposternon species and to the scarce literature available on Leposternon octostegum taxonomy. Aspects of meristic annuli methodology are reviewed, and nomenclatural adjustments for some scales are proposed. To place this information in its taxonomic context, a species identification key for the Brazilian species of the genus Leposternon is provided. The present redescription contributes to a better understanding of Amphisbaenia taxonomy, thus also enabling the design of more adequate conservation and management strategies for the species belonging to this group.

A new name in southern African Justicia L. (Acanthaceae)

Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.Objectives: The objective of this study was to effect requisite nomenclatural changes.Method: Relevant literature was consulted and type specimens were examined.Results: One nomenclatural correction is required in Justicia L. (Acanthaceae).Conclusion: The replacement name Justicia conferta J.C.Manning Goldblatt is provided for the illegitimate homonym Justicia densiflora (Hochst.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt, and the validity of the combination Justicia andromeda (Lindau) J.C.Manning Goldblatt is clarified.

Using phylogenomics to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within tribe Polygonateae (Asparagaceae), with a special focus on Polygonatum

Polygonatum is a widespread temperate genus with approximately 75 species centered in the Eastern Himalaya and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots. A complete assessment of the remarkable diversity of Polygonatum in these areas requires an accurate circumscription of the genus, as well as a clear understanding of generic and infrageneric relationships, both of which have been problematic in the past. In this study, we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within Polygonatum and test its monophyly using a phylogenomic approach. For that, we built a comprehensive dataset that includes complete or nearly-complete plastid genomes of 19 species of Polygonatum, one of Disporopsis, and four of Heteropolygonatum. Their plastid genomes do not present any major structural differences and range from 153,821 to 155,580 bp in length. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast coding regions indicate that Polygonatum and Heteropolygonatum are monophyletic, providing support for their recognition as distinct genera and corroborating recent adjustments of their circumscriptions. An expanded analysis with higher species sampling using the petA-psbJ plastid gene region combined with the nuclear ribosomal ITS provided support for the recognition of three distinct sections within Polygonatum. These same sections are further supported by chromosome data: Polygonatum sect. Sibirica (x = 12); Polygonatum sect. Polygonatum (x = 9–11); and, Polygonatum sect. Verticillata (x = 13–15). Populations of P. multiflorum from northwestern Himalaya are here shown to be best treated as a separate taxon, P. govanianum. Furthermore, P. verticillatum is shown to be polyphyletic, indicating that it represents a species-complex that includes multiple Asiatic species. Despite that, additional studies are still needed until the proper nomenclatural adjustments can be made.

Xenophyllum juniperinum (Compositae, Senecioneae), a new required combination

Due to ongoing studies on the austral species of Xenophyllum and Werneria, we noticed that some taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments are required. Herein, we propose a new combination, Xenophyllum juniperinum.