Nomadic Lifestyle Research Articles

Transforming financial inclusion: Google Pay’s strategic alliances for nomadic community empowerment

Google Pay has made significant strides globally, transforming how consumers conduct purchases and manage their finances. It boasts over 150 million users across 40 countries, with widespread adoption driven by its user-friendly interface and extensive features. Google Pay’s partnerships with local financial institutions, NGOs, and community leaders have promoted financial inclusion, particularly in underbanked and underserved communities. It has been instrumental in promoting the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which has revolutionized digital payments in India and is being expanded to other countries. Despite Google Pay’s efforts to expand its services to underbanked populations, it faces significant challenges in promoting financial inclusion especially among nomadic communities. Nomadic marginalized communities are groups of people who lead a nomadic lifestyle, moving from place to place without a permanent home, and often face significant social and economic disadvantages like limited internet connectivity, digital literacy, and the transient nature of their lifestyle. Despite these obstacles, this case explores how Google Pay overcomes the challenges in digital payment systems like mobile wallets and digital currencies have the potential to significantly improve financial inclusion by providing access to banking services for the unbanked and underbanked population. Google Pay deals with nomadic marginalized communities to promote financial inclusion and economic empowerment. By providing tailored financial services, digital literacy programs, and improved internet connectivity, Google Pay helps these communities access essential financial tools, participate in the economy, and build resilience against economic challenges.

Creative Cuisine in The Mountains: Yörük Food Culture

Rooted in the nomadic lifestyle of the Yörük people, the Yörük food culture reflects a unique combination of simplicity, practicality and rich flavours. The Yörüks, a Turkish ethnic group traditionally living in the mountainous regions of Southern and Western Anatolia in Turkey, have a distinctive culinary heritage shaped by their nomadic nature and pastoral economy. In this context, the aim of this study is to introduce the culinary culture of the Yörüks and provide information on the eating and drinking habits of the Yörüks. In this way, it will be possible to preserve, support and promote the centuries-old traditional food heritage of the Yörük culture in the field of tourism. In accordance with the aim of the study, visits were made to regions where the Yörüks live compactly within the province of Mersin, field observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Yörük representatives. In this way, information was collected on the foods frequently consumed by the Yörüks. In addition, information about the food culture of the Yörük people was provided. According to the results, it can be said that the food practices of the Yörük people are formed around livestock, especially goats and sheep, from which they obtain basic ingredients such as milk, butter, yogurt, and cheese. These dairy products are usually processed into shelf-stable products such as dry yogurt and tulum cheese, which are suitable for a nomadic lifestyle and form the basis of their diet. Meat, especially lamb and goat, is another main component of Yörük cuisine. Meat is prepared in simple yet delicious ways, usually grilled or boiled. Cooking dried meat and eating natural herbs collected from the highlands are common. In the Yörük food culture, grains such as bulgur and wheat are used to prepare staple dishes such as flatbreads and tortillas. These dishes are usually cooked over an open fire and are seen as a reflection of the active and productive lifestyle of the Yörük people. Seasonal gathering of wild herbs, fruits and nuts also plays an important role in the Yörük diet. In conclusion, the Yörük food culture remains a testament to the resourcefulness and adaptability of a people who have managed to survive in harsh climates for centuries.

Conceptual approaches to the formation of portable housing architecture

Portable housing, developing in line with the current processes of prefabricated architecture formation, is undergoing qualitative changes at the present stage. The purpose of this study is to establish conceptual approaches to the implementation of portable residential facilities.The study identifies the main socio-cultural trends affecting the formation of ways to organize portable housing:reducing living space to a minimum within one cell, searching for ways to ensure a nomadic lifestyle and the development of radical home mobility, a technological trend towards introducing elements of virtual reality in the context of organizing residential environment with the possibility of its transfer to the meta-space. Analysis of modern implemented and design concepts for organizing ultra-compact dwellings made it possible to establish the following current approaches to the formation of a portable dwelling: a capsule prefabricated object based on a solid-body structure; a portable object that has the quality of expanded functionality of its structure-forming elements; elements of clothing and equipment capable of high-quality transformation into a portable shelter; user-powered portable housing; prefabricated shelter on a movable base for operation in various extreme environmental conditions; suspended portable objects not tied to a stationary site; meta-portable residential objects implemented on the basis of virtual reality technologies. It is show that a portable home instantly absorbs changes in the social and technological sphere, becoming an experimental object for the implementation of innovative solutions.

Migrations Recorded in Our DNA

Ancient humans led a nomadic lifestyle, moving about in search of food and gradually populating different continents.

A Comparative Study of Ethnicity Differences Reflected in Films Mongol: The Rise of Genghis Khan and Old Beast In the Context of Multiculturalism

The transition of Mongolian cinema begins with New Historicist advancements in the post-industrial era. Through comparing Old Beast and Mongol: The Rise of Genghis Khan, this paper examines the development of both old and new Mongolian ethnic cinema, focusing on the factors that contributed to the emergence of new Mongolian cinema. Under the influence of multiculturalism, Inner Mongolia has experienced significant social transformation, shifting from a single-ethnic to a multi-ethnic society. Its people have moved from a traditional nomadic lifestyle to a more settled way of life. Against this backdrop, Inner Mongolia has achieved decentralization of Mongolian culture, showcasing both ethnic diversity and cultural plurality. As a result, Inner Mongolian ethnic cinema no longer focuses solely on portraying Mongolian ethnic traits but instead presents the local way of life through a New Historicist lens. Building on this, Old Beast takes a step further and breaks through the confines of New Historicism by emphasizing "historicity" and "contextualization," providing insights for the further development of Chinese Cultural Poetics. This paper aims to explore the transformation of post-modern Mongolian society and the emerging development of New Historicism as reflected in Mongolian cinema.

TOPONYMS REVEALING THE NATURAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOPONYMS OF KUNGRAD DISTRICT)

Land and water names are a linguistic, historical, and cultural heritage that expresses an understanding of the worldview, lifestyle, customs, and geographical environment of the people who settled this territory. Toponymy is a mirror of people's lives. Our people, absorbed in a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle, were well-versed in the geographical environment, topography of the land, flora and fauna, and demonstrated their mastery in accurately describing them in their native language. The toponymy of the Kungrad district is based on geographical terms that indicate the natural and geographical features of the surrounding environment. The article deals with these issues.

Bharaltoo Dance: A Reflection of Tribal Culture of Hattee Community of Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh

The present research paper is based on Bharaltoo dance of Hattee area of Giripar of Sirmaur district. In earlier time, sheep and goat rearing was a primary occupation in the upper region of Sirmaur. used to live a nomadic life. They used to take their sheep and goats to Churdhar and its surrounding hills in summer and to warmer areas in winter. These nomadic shepherds had their own culture, lifestyle and traditions. An important aspect of their culture is Bharaltoo dance which was performed by these sheep herders of Hattee community. Earlier this dance was a type of Swang dance (dance drama) which gradually took the form of a traditional dance. With the passage of time, people reduced sheep and goat rearing and the nomadic lifestyle also began to fade away. As a result, the traditions of shepherds and this dance slowly became extinct. But in some villages of the Giripar region, people are still performing traditions related to Bharaltoo, among which Bhadhalti Sagarand, Badhale Re Shanol and the winter festival of Maghi are famous.

Insulin level, glycemia, insulin resistance and β-cell function in relation to the lifestyle of Arctic indigenous people. Are there conditions for diabetes and which type?

Modern studies suggest that lifestyle changes of the indigenous Arctic residents lead to the loss of the "adaptive polar type of metabolism", which is characterized by the intensification of protein metabolism, optimization of lipid metabolism, and minimization of carbohydrate metabolism at low insulin concentrations. How to survive the era of change? To assess insulinemia, glycemia, β-cell secretory activity, and insulin sensitivity in Arctic indigenous people in relation to their lifestyle. A cross-sectional study of a population of indigenous Arctic residents (Nenets, Komi) aged from 22 to 60 years was conducted. Insulin levels were studied in blood serum using ELISA, and glucose levels using the spectrophotometric method. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA1-%β) indices were calculated. 397 people were examined; 89 (22%) of them were nomadic people (NP) and 44 (49%) were male. Another 308 (78%) were sedentary people (SP), and 69 (22%) were male. The insulin level was significantly lower in NP (6.0 [3.5-11.8] µU/ml) compared to SP (8.3 [4.6-13.1] µU/ml), p=0.006. There was no difference in glycemia (4.6 [4.2-5.0] in NP and 4.6 [4.1-5.2] in SP) between lifestyles.The HOMA-IR was significantly lower in NP (1.3 [0.7-2.4]) than in SP (1.8 [0.95-2.8]), p=0.013. IR-HOMA >2 units was 1.8 times more frequent in the SP than in NP, with adjusted for sex, age, and BMI OR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.33-0.96, p=0.034. The median HOMA1-%β was 128 [67-241] % in NP and 144 [93-236]% in SP with no significant differences between groups. The proportion of individuals with HOMA1-%β <48.9 was 17% in NP versus 5% in SP, p<0.001. The adjusted odds of having HOMA1-%β <48.9 in NP are 3.5 times higher than in SP; 95% CI: 1.56-7.92, p=0.002. Fifty-six cases of glycemia ≥5.6 mmol/l were identified: 13.5% in NP and 14.3% in SP. The ratio IR-HOMA >2/ HOMA1-%β <48.9/BMI was 1.8 units/45%/25.2 kg/m2 in NP and 3.0 units/88%/29.6 kg/m2 in SP. Maintaining a nomadic lifestyle helps keep lower insulin concentrations; at the same time, glycemic levels in the groups were similar. In the NP group, there was a high proportion of individuals with low β-cell secretory activity, predominantly men; in the SP group, more individuals were insulin-resistant. Analysis of cases of glycemia ≥5.6 mmol/l confirmed, that hyperglycemia in a nomadic lifestyle was associated with β-cell hypofunction and the absence of obesity; on the contrary, in a sedentary lifestyle, it was associated with increased insulin resistance and obesity.

Work, wander and repeat: modeling the enablers of digital nomadic lifestyle

Work, wander and repeat: modeling the enablers of digital nomadic lifestyle

Flatbreads in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uighur Groups and its Role in Sustainable Food System

Abstract Background Flatbreads are various types of comparably thin bread and are widespread in a large region. People embed flatbreads with special cultural meanings and adapted local ingredients for baking flatbreads. More attention has been focused on flatbreads in recent years. However, how the cross-border Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uighur groups use flatbreads is understudied. Methods To understand how the cross-border Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uighur groups use flatbreads, the current paper reviews existing English, Mandarin, and some Russian literature to summarize how the Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uighur groups use flatbreads. Results The results show that these three ethnic groups prepare and use flatbreads in multiple aspects. The Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uighur people use 23, 9, and 17 types of flatbreads respectively. The flatbreads used by the Kazakh and Kyrgyz people have more overlapping than those of the Uighur people while the relevant studies of Kyrgyz people are more understudied. This resemblance may be because of the closer nomadic lifestyle and the similar influences of Russia and the USSR. The ingredients of flatbreads are aligned with the local ecosystems and have been evolving consistently in the past centuries because of the changes in technology, politics, lifestyles, health perceptions, acculturation, and globalization. Conclusions Because of the eco-friendly features of flatbreads and the widespread use of these foods, flatbreads have a high potential to support a regional strategy for sustainable food system transformation and planetary health along the Silk Road countries. To achieve this goal, more studies should be conducted to contribute missing information about ingredients, cooking methods, features, and regional differences in using flatbreads; more nutritious and bio-diverse recipes of flatbreads and the most eco-friendly cooking energy resources for baking flatbread should be identified; new meanings should be given to flatbreads to promote the use. Key messages • The first study to summarize how Kazakh, Uighur, and Kyrgyz peoples use flatbread. • Justify a potential to use flatbread for sustainable food system transformation.

The Reasons for Special Talented Secondary School Remoteness Towards Student’s Academic Performance: Case Study; Urban District at Zanzibar

This paper sought to investigate the reasons for special talented secondary school remoteness towards students’ academic performance; a case study of Urban District Council in Zanzibar. Specific objectives were: to determine reasons for special talented secondary school remoteness in Urban district at Zanzibar, and to find out the strategies for improving students’ academic performance in special talented secondary school remoteness in Zanzibar. This article employed a mixed approach research method and is centered and guided by social capital theory propounded by Robert Putnam in 1993. A sample of 151 respondents including 1 DEO, 6 head of schools, 36 teachers, 84 students and 24 parents were used. Simple random sampling techniques were used in selection of ordinary teachers and students while purposive sampling technique was used in selection of the head of schools, DEO and parents in the area of study. Questionnaires, interviews, and documentary reviews were used in data collections. The findings identified reasons for special talented secondary school remoteness in Urban District Council at Zanzibar include limited financial support, nomadic lifestyle, community's negative attitudes towards education, lack of open spaces for constructions of schools, geographical dispersion and unfriendly transport infrastructure. Lastly, the study proposed which can be used to improve students’ academic performance in special talented secondary schools are construction of hostels, introduction of food programs, provision of transport facilities and clear policies on school locations

Togutil tribe’s ecological hunting calendar on Halmahera Island, Indonesia

Hunting has traditionally been associated with practices that reduce wildlife populations. This assumption does not explain the many examples of hunting strategies used in the long term by various indigenous groups worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to document the local knowledge of wildlife management and the maintenance of stable wildlife populations by indigenous people in their local ecosystems. Understanding the hunting practices of indigenous people is essential for designing policies and practices that protect vulnerable wildlife populations. The Togutil tribe is an indigenous hunter–gatherer tribe that leads a nomadic lifestyle along the riverside areas bordering the forest on Halmahera Island, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews spanning four months, with seven key, ten main, and two supporting informants. The results suggested that the Togutil tribe applies a unique ecological hunting calendar and adheres to distinct ethics by using a sustainable 6-2-4 cycle system that can contribute to wildlife conservation. Trappers had three hunting periods: Obutana, Ohinoto, and Oiyata. Hunting activities during the Obutana period were conducted for six months during the rainy season, i.e., from October to April. Peak hunting activities occurred during the Obutana hunting period, when hunters trap wildlife during the fruiting and flowering seasons. Ohinoto is a hunting period that lasts two months, from May to June, marking the onset of the dry season. The Oiyata period extends from July to October (i.e., from the dry season to the beginning of the rainy season). This timing is based on prevalent encounters with wildlife in the forest, specifically during the fruiting and flowering seasons. This study supports future Togutil tribe livelihoods through calendar-based community projects to minimize the loss of vulnerable key species. Consequently, an effective strategy for conserving biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods can be implemented by empowering the Togutil tribe based on their ecological hunting calendar. Our results provide a fundamental understanding of calendar-based hunting practices for future wildlife management and conservation.

Examination of Turkish Culture and Customs before Islam: Outcomes and Implications

This article first investigates the activities, life, and significant role of Turkish peoples in the history of Central Asia and the Middle East before the arrival of Islam. Initially, Turks were introduced as one of the major influential groups in the Central Asian region, living a nomadic and pastoral lifestyle in the plain areas. The article secondly, explores various pre-Islamic religious beliefs and practices of the Turks, including Tengri or Tengrism (worship of natural forces), Buddhism, Manichaeism, Shamanism, and Zoroastrianism. In addition, the paper describes the Turks' strategic location with the key trade routes, Turkish customs such as the celebration of Nowruz, the nomadic lifestyle, and the wide range of handicrafts including metalwork, pottery, and weaving. The paper also slightly covers the different ethnic and historical origins of Turkish people, such as the Oghuz, Seljuks, Kipchaks, and Ottomans. Eventually, the article explains the tribal social structure of the Turks, the role of khans and traditional leaders in their societies, and the dominant feudal system before Islam.

Mental health problems in Somalia after decades of humanitarian crises: a qualitative exploration of perceptions and experiences

BackgroundHumanitarian crises increase the risk of mental health problems. Somalia has been affected by conflict, insecurity, and economic turmoil for over three decades, as well as climatic shocks. However, 80–90% of Somalis who have mental health problems do not have access to good-quality, and affordable mental health care. To develop an evidence-based, effective, equitable, and humane programme for mental health, we need to have a holistic understanding of mental health problems and care in relation to people’s perceptions, experiences, and behaviour related to mental health.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative study to explore Somalis’ perceptions and experiences of mental health problems. We conducted three key informant interviews, two in-depth interviews, nine focus group discussions, 12 observations in private and public health facilities and more than 12 informal discussions. We used case vignettes translated into Somali during our discussion. We also studied three cases with experience of mental health problems to understand care-seeking behaviour and the experiences with services available.ResultsSomalia has been moving from a traditional pastoral nomadic lifestyle to a settled one. A strong informal support system exists in the community within clans or family relations. Armed conflict often among clans, natural disasters, and khat use are the three main factors affecting mental health. The prevalence of mental problems is likely greater than is evident. It is perceived that about 95% of people suffering from mental illness remain outside of appropriate care. Few people seek care for mental health problems because they are not aware of it and because it is highly stigmatized and neglected. Those who do seek care usually go to traditional healers because of culture and cost. Resources for mental health care are grossly inadequate with a limited and often poorly trained workforce. At least two levels of barrier to mental health care exist, at the individual/family level (e.g. poor awareness of mental health and stigma) and service provider level (e.g. lack of staff and limited ability to diagnose, treat, or refer persons with mental health problems and stigma). No tool or evidence-based programme is available to address these barriers.ConclusionA qualitative data-driven mental health programme that addresses all these issues is needed with more trained mental health professionals. Given the stigma about mental health problems, there is also a need for a tool to raise awareness about mental health and the importance of mental health care among both the public and health workers.

Navigating the Landscape of Tick Diversity: Integrating Molecular Approaches for Enhanced Control Measures.

The emergence and spread of infectious diseases, particularly zoonotic diseases originating from wildlife, pose significant threats to global health and economy. This review examines the pivotal role of ticks as vectors in transmitting pathogens to humans, livestock, and wildlife and the use of molecular techniques in their identification. Tick infestations result in economic losses through reduced animal productivity, anemia, and quality deterioration of hides. Furthermore, ticks serve as reservoirs for a wide range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes, contributing to the transmission of diseases such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tick-borne encephalitis, and African swine fever among others. The interface between wildlife, livestock, and humans facilitates the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, exacerbated by nomadic and pastoralist lifestyles that promote interactions between wildlife and domestic animals. This movement of animals across landscapes enhances the dispersion of tick vectors, increasing the risk of pathogen exposure for diverse populations. Historically, tick identification in sub-Saharan Africa has relied on morphological characteristics despite limitations such as species overlap and variability. Molecular techniques offer a more precise means of species identification, providing critical data for effective tick and pathogen management strategies. Integrating molecular approaches into tick research enhances our understanding of tick diversity, distribution patterns, and pathogen dynamics. This knowledge is essential for developing targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of tick-borne diseases on public and veterinary health worldwide.

Education For Community Transformation

The Tanzanian Government has made several efforts to guarantee the accessible and equitable education to all children irrespective of their race, creed or sex. However, there are some predominant socio-cultural practices which are impediments to young women’s education. Using a case of Monduli district -Tanzania, this study explored the influence of socio-cultural practices toward schooling of Maasai Young Women. A cross- sectional research design was adopted to obtain a sample of 120 respondents. Data were collected using Questionnaires, Key Informants’ Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) methods and analysed by using IBM-SPSS. 20.0 and content analysis. Overall, the study found that, Nomadic Lifestyle, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and Early Marriages are tremendously affecting schooling of young Maasai women. While the two earlier mentioned practices were found to waste a lot of girls’ learning hours; the latter has been causing a substantial number of school girls to drop out. Subsequently the girls became vulnerable to illiteracy of which jeopardizes their chances to participate in community development projects as well as in decision-making process. The illiterate people are not always invited to participate because they do not understand the nitty gritty of their participation. In order to eliminate these harmful practices, it is recommended the government and other stakeholders to create or strengthening community awareness campaigns and capacity-building programs.

A Study on the Approach of Cholistani People towards Education of Their Children

The study aimed to explore the attitudes of Cholistani people towards the education of their children, particularly focusing on daughters, in the context of the region’s nomadic lifestyle and socio-economic challenges. The objectives were to assess parental attitudes towards education, examine the variation towards the education for girls, and identify factors influencing these views. The study is quantitative and a descriptive research design was adopted. The population comprised teachers from 45 public schools in the District of Rahim Yar Khan. The sample included 119 teachers selected by simple random sampling technique. The data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale and the collected data was analyzed by using the SPSS (employing frequency, percentage, mean score, and standard deviation analyses). Education for male children was often prioritized over female children. Stipends and financial incentives to promote education in the region, these measures were insufficient to address the deep-rooted challenges. The study concluded that a positive attitude toward education among the Cholistani people but socio-economic factors i.e. poverty, nomadic lifestyle, and gender bias, significantly hindered their ability to support and engage fully in the educational process. The availability of qualified teachers and the quality of educational management were also areas requiring improvement. The study recommended government investment in building more schools and improving existing ones with basic facilities including clean drinking water, proper sanitation, and safe transportation options. Mobile schools or flexible schedules should be introduced to accommodate the nomadic lifestyle of many Cholistani families.

Access to Secondary School Education among Girls from Pastoral Communities: A case of the Barbaig in Hanang District, Manyara Region of Tanzania

Access to education for girls in many societies faces significant challenges, often leading to girls being viewed as inferior to boys. However, little is known about the unique challenges facing girls from pastoral societies and their access to schooling. Therefore, this paper sheds light on girls' access to secondary school education in the Barbaig pastoral community in the Hanang District, Manyara Region of Tanzania. Specifically, it examines the challenges girls face in accessing secondary education in their area. The study uses a cross-sectional research design and involved 210 girls from Dirma, Chief Gejaru, and Mwahu secondary schools. Proportional sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to obtain respondents for this study. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary reviews. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in data analysis. The results revealed that a shortage of girls’ facilities and services in schools, families' low socio-economic status, and harmful gender norms, traditions, and practices were among the challenges. Other challenges include early pregnancies and early marriage, parents’ desire for wealth, nomadic lifestyle, large family size, and long distance from home to school. It is recommended that the Education Department in Hanang District implement educational policies that ensure students in every school have sufficient resources. Furthermore, community leaders should insist on the importance of girls’ education. This will only be possible if local authorities actively collaborate with relevant stakeholders to solve the educational challenges facing the girls from the Barbaig tribe.

Bioecological Characterization of Nematode Distribution Among Livestock in the North-Eastern Territories of the Lesser Caucasus of Azerbaijan Republic

Helminthological studies of sheep and goats were conducted in the northeastern territories of the Lesser Caucasus of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2013-2022. The northeastern areas of the Lesser Caucasus include Ganja and Goygeli, Dashkesan, Geranboy, Naftalan, Samukh, Shamkir, Tovuz, Agstafa, Gazakh and Kadabek districts, as well as the areas around the Kura and Jeyranchel rivers, which are wintering places of livestock farms. This process plays a special role in the formation of helminth fauna of animals, as small horned livestock farms in these areas lead a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle. As a result of helminthological research 52 species of helminths, including 43 species of nematodes were identified. Of these, 7 species are indicated for the study region for the first time. All detected nematode species were registered in sheep, while only 26 species were found in goats, which are common to the sheep helminth fauna. These helminth species can be considered as permanent elements of the helminthofaunistic complex of livestock production in the studied region. It was found that young sheep and goats are relatively heavily infested with helminths. Infestation is higher in late spring — early summer and early fall. For this purpose, 957 sheep and 619 goats were examined for nematode pathogens in different landscape-ecological zones of the region by the method of complete helminthological autopsy according to K. I. Skryabin. Some species of helminths are absent in the studied animals before driving them to summer pastures but are observed in them after their return to wintering. Animals become infected by ingesting larvae or mature helminth eggs on summer pastures. -

Pragmalinguistic Aspect of the Concepts “oath”, “swear”, “promise” in the Kazakh Folk Tales

The concepts such as “to be a man of one's word”, “to keep one's word”, “fulfill one's promise” are prevalent in Kazakh folk tales in the mentality of the Kazakh people are widely used in Kazakh folk tales, and they appear as an important language unit used in the regulation of human relations in the Kazakh society. Because the spiritual concepts “oath”, “swear” and “promise”, considered as “a universal event” are concepts used by societies to create feelings of trust and persuasion among individuals. The paper deals with the spiritual concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in tales from the view of a pragmatic perspective. The authors also describe the traditions and ceremonies related to “oath” in nomadic Turkish culture and analyze spiritual concepts of “oath”, and “swear”, “promise”, which have a sacred value for Turkish society. As a result of the study, the findings regarding the concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in Kazakh folk tales, which play an important role in transferring the traditions and customs and cultural heritage of our people from generation to generation, as well as the legal, magical, religious, "pure" ethical rituals used commonly in the nomadic lifestyle were presented. In the paper it is stated that the speech acts in the analysed tales have a special place in terms of pragmatic meaning and it is revealed that the role of the concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in regulating the relationships between people and society has changed over time, their the sсope of use and stylistic color have changed, and they have acquired different semantic dimensions. Furthermore, it is concluded that the semantic development of the word can reflect the development of human cognition.