No Treatment Research Articles

Evaluation of the effects of temperature and centrifugation time on elimination of uncured resin from 3D-printed dental aligners

The study investigated the effects of temperature and centrifugation time on the efficacy of removing uncured resin from 3D-printed clear aligners. Using a photo-polymerizable polyurethane resin (Tera Harz TC-85, Graphy Inc., Seoul, Korea), aligners were printed and subjected to cleaning processes using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or centrifugation (g-force 27.95g) at room temperature (RT, 23 °C) and high temperature (HT, 55 °C) for 2, 4, and 6 min. The control group received no treatment (NT). Cleaning efficiency was assessed through rheological analysis, weight measurement, transparency evaluation, SEM imaging, 3D geometry evaluation, stress relaxation, and cell viability tests. Results showed increased temperature and longer centrifugation times significantly reduced aligner viscosity, weight (P < 0.05), and transmittance. IPA-cleaned aligners exhibited significantly lower transparency and rougher surfaces in SEM images. All groups met ISO biocompatibility standards in cytotoxicity tests. The NT group had higher root mean square (RMS) values, indicating greater deviation from the original design. Stress relaxation tests revealed over 95% recovery in all groups after 60 min. The findings suggest that a 2-min HT centrifugation process effectively removes uncured resin without significantly impacting the aligners’ physical and optical properties, making it a clinically viable option.

Effect of duration of estradiol exposure on embryo survival and endometrial gene expression in anestrous embryo recipient mares

Previous studies indicate a positive correlation between the duration of estrus prior to ovulation and likelihood of pregnancy in embryo recipient mares. However, the mechanisms by which the duration of estrus before may affect fertility remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of different durations of estradiol exposure, prior to progesterone administration, on embryo viability in anestrous recipient mares, and endometrial expression of genes thought to influence embryo survival. Three groups of anestrous recipient mares treated with different duration of estradiol were used: long (LE), short (SE) and no treatment (NE). Day 8 embryos were transferred into recipient mares four days after long-acting progesterone administration and recovered 48h later to examine embryo growth and viability. The endometrial gene expression profile of selected genes was also investigated. The likelihood of recovering an embryo 48h after transfer was 46.1% (6/13), 62.5% (5/8) and 85.7% (6/7) for recipient mares from the NE, SE and LE groups, respectively (P = .09). Embryos recovered from the different groups of recipients did not, however, differ in size, morphology or the proportion of nuclei undergoing mitosis (P > .05). Abundance of mRNA for uterocalin (P19) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were increased in the LE compared to the NE group, while fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), progesterone receptor (PGR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) transcript abundances were increased (P < 0.05) in the NE group compared to both SE and LE groups. In conclusion, a longer exposure of the endometrium to estradiol before progesterone tended to improve embryo survival within 48h of transfer. However, the grade, growth rate, and proportion of mitotic cells in surviving embryos did not differ among groups. If embryos are destined to fail in a suboptimal endometrial environment, they die and disappear quickly. Moreover, a more adequately estradiol-primed uterus, before the progesterone rise, seems to create a uterine environment, in terms of P19, IGF1, FGF2 and PGR gene expression, more conducive to embryo survival and further development.

Efficacy of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Pain Reduction in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is among the most common causes of musculoskeletal pain in the United States. It is defined as retropatellar or peripatellar pain that is reproduced with functional activities that load the patellofemoral joint in a flexed position, such as stair climbing or squatting. While it presents in both adolescents and adults, it is commonly found in physically active individuals, such as athletes and military recruits. Exploring the role of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in PFPS is of particular interest given the absence of a definitive treatment and the poor long-term prognosis associated with PFPS. This meta-analysis includes three studies exploring the use of OMT to reduce pain in patients suffering from PFPS and exploring the efficacy of OMT as a primary intervention. In these studies, pain assessments, pre-treatment, and post-treatment follow-up of at least 30 days were performed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). The mean difference in pain between OMT and no treatment (NT) groups using the random effects model was -3.95 (-6.39; -1.50) with a p<0.01, suggesting OMT resulted in significant knee pain reduction in those with PFPS. A measure of heterogeneity, known as I2, was found to be high at 97%, which suggests caution should be taken when interpreting the overall results. Given the lack of definitive treatment and the poor long-term prognosis for PFPS, the authors suggest OMT provides an effective option for pain relief in patients with PFPS. Further research is needed to provide results that may be more clinically applicable or valuably interpreted.

An extensive investigation of the anthropometric measurements in males with 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome) from birth to five years of age and the impact of early hormonal treatment (EHT)

Aim: 47,XXY (KS) is the most frequently occurring sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) with an incidence rate of 1:500 to 1:650 live male births. 47,XXY is characterized by androgen insufficiency and hypogonadism, diminished phallus size, hypotonia, and increased stature. This investigation examines the relationship between Early Hormonal Treatment (EHT) and growth in boys with 47,XXY from birth to 5 years. Methods: A cohort of 134 males with 47,XXY was seen as part of a natural history study and anthropometric measurements were completed at each evaluation for height (HGT), weight (WGT), and head circumference (HC). Data was analyzed for these factors in the group receiving testosterone as EHT (T group) and a no treatment (No-T) control group. Results: Significant differences in HC were observed between the T group and No-T group for birth to 12 months. There was no other significant difference in HC for boys between the ages of 13 to 60 months. Only significant differences were observed in the birth to 12 months group for HGT between the T group and No-T group. There were only significant differences in WGT in the birth to 12-month age range between the T group and the No-T group, as well as in the 12-24-month age range. Conclusion: EHT is not associated with reducing or advancing growth in children with 47,XXY over 2 years old. After 24 months of age there is no discernible difference between boys with 47,XXY with EHT and without EHT.

Topical antimitotic treatments for plantar warts are more beneficial: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Plantar warts are common infectious cutaneousgrowths causing severe physiological and psychological discomforts in patients and heaving global financial burdens. However, paucity of clear-cut guidelines for plantar warts, selecting appropriate treatments for plantar warts remains challenging. The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of common treatments for plantar warts. PubMed, EMbase, and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 1, 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of plantar warts. The primary outcome (complete response) and secondary outcome (recurrence and pain) were extracted and combined using Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) with random-effect and fixed-effect models. Totally, 33 RCTs were included in the systematic review and quantitative NMA. In NMA of complete response, topical application of 1% cantharidin, 20% podophylotoxin, 30% salicylic acid (CPS), microneedles plus bleomycin (MNB), and intralesional bleomycin injection (INB) were the only three treatments significantly superior to no treatment (NT) and CPS was of the highest possibility to be the top-ranked treatment (SUCRA=0.9363). However, traditional warts treatments, salicylic acid (SA) and cryotherapy were not superior to NT. The NMA has produced evidence for using CPS, MNB, and INB, which are all topical antimitotic treatments, to improve the management of plantar warts. The classic treatment modalities for plantar warts, including SA and cryotherapy, may play a less important role in the clinical practice of plantar warts.

Retrospective evaluation of udder recovery of cows with subclinical mastitis following treatment with acoustic pulse technology (APT) on commercial dairy farms and its economic impact.

Retrospective evaluation of udder recovery following treatment of the inflamed quarter with acoustic pulse technology (APT) of cows with subclinical mastitis was done on 4 Israeli commercial dairy farms. Here, we evaluated the APT treatment as a tool to manage subclinical mastitis and its economic consequences in commercial farms. Recovery of the infected glands following APT treatment was compared to the customary no-treatment (NT) for cows with subclinical mastitis. Over 2 years, 467 cows with subclinical mastitis were identified. Subclinical mastitis was defined by elevated somatic cell count (SCC; >1 × 106 cells/mL) in the monthly test-day milk sample; 222 cows were treated with APT and 245 cows were not treated and served as control. Differences between treatment groups in culling, milk quality, milk yield and bacterial elimination were analyzed. After treatment, cure from bacteria was calculated only for cows with pre-isolated bacteria. The percentage of sampled cows determined as cured (no bacterial finding) in the NT group was 32.7% (35/107) (30.9% Gram negative; 32.4% Gram positive) and in the APT-treated group, 83.9% (42/55) (89.4% Gram negative; 80.6% Gram positive). Culling rate due to mastitis was significantly lower (>90%) in the APT-treated vs. NT group. Recovery was 66.0% in the APT group compared to 11.5% in the NT group at 90 d post-treatment. Average milk volume per cow in the APT-treated group was 16.1% higher compared to NT cows. Based on the study, savings incurred by using APT to treat only subclinical cows per 100-cow herd can total $15,106/y, or $309 per treated subclinically infected cow.

Remineralization potential of apacider gel on enamel and cementum surrounding margin of ceramic restoration.

Modern management of carious lesions has been targeted upon using remineralizing agents. This study investigated the remineralization potential of apacider gel (AG) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CA) on enamel and cementum around the cavosurface area of the ceramic margin. Seventy-five extracted human mandibular molars were sectioned at 0.8 mm above and below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to remove the CEJ portions and replaced them with glass ceramic disks by bonding them to the crown and root portions with resin cement. The enamel and cementum area of 4x4 mm2 surrounding ceramic was demineralized with Carbopol-907. The demineralized surfaces were treated with either AG or CA, while one group was left with no treatment (NT) and served as control. Vickers microhardness was determined before-, after demineralization, and after remineralization. The percentage of hardness recovery (%HR), and remineralization potential (%RP) were analyzed with ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (α=0.05). Polarized light microscopy (PLM) was assessed for lesion depth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was investigated for surface alterations. Significant differences in remineralization were found upon various remineralizing agents compared to NT for both enamel and cementum (p<0.05). No significant difference in %HR and %RP was observed between AG and CA (p>0.05). However, AG signified greater decrease in lesion depth and better improvement in surface characteristics for both enamel and cementum than CA. AG possesses comparable remineralization ability to CA. However, decreasing in carious lesion depth was evinced with using AG more than CA. AG was recommended as a potential remineralization material for handling initial caries for both enamel and cementum. Key words:Apacider, artificial carious lesion, CCP-ACFP, remineralizationCare Team.

Efficacy and safety of GH treatment in Japanese children with short stature due to SHOX deficiency: a randomized phase 3 study.

We conducted a randomized phase 3 study to investigate the efficacy and safety of GH treatment in prepubertal Japanese patients with short stature due to SHOX deficiency. The patients were randomly allocated to the GH-GH group (n = 10), in which the patients were treated with GH (0.35 mg/kg/wk) subcutaneously once daily for 24 mo, or the no-treatment (NT)-GH group (n = 9), in which the patients were untreated for the first 12 mo and then administered the same dosage of GH for the next 12 mo. At month 12, the ∆height standard deviation score (SDS) for chronological age (CA) and serum IGF-1 level were significantly higher in the GH-GH group than those in the NT-GH group. In contrast, bone age (BA) and ΔBA/ΔCA were numerically higher in the GH-GH group but were not statistically significant. At month 24, these parameters were comparable between the two groups. The height velocity was significantly larger in the GH-GH group during the first year and in the NT-GH group during the second year. No serious adverse drug reactions were observed; however, one patient in the GH-GH group exhibited increased insulin resistance at month 24. These results indicated that GH is a promising treatment option for short stature in patients with SHOX deficiency.

NCOG-19. SEX DIFFERENCES IN GLIOBLASTOMA TREATMENT AND ADVERSE EVENTS

Abstract Despite aggressive therapies, the survival rates for gliomas remain complex and accumulating evidence indicates that there are sex differences in patient response to treatment and the development of adverse events (AE). We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End. RESULTS: Program (SEER)-Medicare dataset to examine sex differences in treatment patterns and AEs in patients 65 years and older diagnosed with glioblastoma. We identified 15,693 individuals (≥65 years) diagnosed with glioblastoma between 2004-2017. Sex differences were assessed based upon their treatment modality: no-treatment (NT), standard treatment (ST) (surgery + radiation + chemotherapy), or other treatment (OT) (any other combination of surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy). Multivariable models were used to determine the odds of males versus females experiencing an AE by treatment group. Sex differences in survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. There was a significant sex difference in the type of treatment received by glioblastoma patients, with males receiving more ST than females (38% v 34%; p&amp;lt; 0.001). Females treated with ST had increased odds of rheumatoid arthritis or collagen vascular disease (OR=0.42; 95%CI, 0.30-0.59; p&amp;lt; 0.001). Females receiving OT had an increased odds of rheumatoid arthritis or collagen vascular disease (OR=0.59; 95%CI, 0.44-0.78; p&amp;lt; 0.001), and mood disorders (OR=0.81; 95%CI, 0.72-0.90; p&amp;lt; 0.001). Males receiving NT had an increased odds of blood disorders (OR=1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.96; p=0.006), cardiac events when treated with ST (OR=1.24; 95%CI, 1.10-1.41; p&amp;lt; 0.001), and respiratory events when treated with OT (OR=1.20; 95%CI, 1.07-1.35; p=0.002). Females with glioblastoma, receiving ST had an increased adjusted overall survival compared to males (p&amp;lt; 0.001), whereas no sex difference were observed in those receiving OT or NT. Our analysis demonstrates that there are sex differences in odds of AE and overall survival associated glioblastoma treatment, which could impact clinical treatment decisions.

Abstract 16049: Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Duchenne Cardiomyopathy via Suppression of Sterile Inflammation

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in dystrophin. There is currently no cure for DMD, and the main cause of death is dilated cardiomyopathy. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a gaseous molecule produced endogenously, and disruptions in basal H 2 S levels have been associated with various pathophysiological conditions, including heart failure. In this study, we investigated whether H 2 S could prevent cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of DMD. Methods: Male mdx 4cv /mTR KO mice received early treatment (ET) with the H 2 S donor, SG1002 (40 mg/kg/day in chow starting at the time of weaning) or no treatment (NT), and wildtype C57BL (WT) mice were used as control. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Skeletal and cardiac fibrosis was determined by picrosirius red staining. NLRP3 inflammasome activity was measured through apoptosis speck like protein (ASC) staining in cardiac muscle tissue. Results: NT mice exhibited significant LVEF decline by 4 months compared to ET and WT mice and declined further by 12 months (n=15-17, NT: 45.2% ± 7.9 vs ET: 57.1% ± 8.9% and WT: 56.5% ± 7.0%, P&lt;0.001). In addition, ET mice showed significantly reduced fibrosis compared to NT mice in the myocardium (n=5-8, 2.62% ± 0.87% vs 11.32% ± 4.70%, respectively, P=0.002), diaphragm (n=11-14, 15.84% ± 9.0% vs 31.14% ± 7.1%, respectively, P&lt;0.001), and gastrocnemius (n=12-17, 7.60% ± 3.14% vs 13.48% ± 5.97%, respectively, P=0.004) at 12 months. ASC aggregation score was significantly higher in cardiac tissue samples (Fig 1) from NT mice at 12 months compared with WT mice. ET attenuated the increase in cardiac ASC aggregation at 12 months compared with NT mice (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that early treatment with SG1002 preserves cardiac function in a mouse model of DMD and suggest a potential therapeutic role of NLRP3 inflammasome suppression as a protective strategy in DMD.

The effect of tooth bleaching using violet LED (405–410 nm) on the properties of resin-based composites

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bleaching techniques, including or not the use of violet light (405–410 nm), on resin-based composites' color, surface roughness, nanohardness, and elastic modulus. MethodsNinety-six disk-shaped specimens (12 mm x 2 mm; n = 12) were prepared using Filtek Z350 XT (Z350) and IPS Empress Direct (ED) resin-based composites. After 24 h, specimens were stained in red wine for 28 days. After staining, specimens were divided into four experimental groups: 40 % Hydrogen Peroxide (HP); Violet Light (VL); 40 % Hydrogen Peroxide associated with Violet Light (HP+VL), and a control group - no treatment (NT). Specimens were evaluated at six experimental times: initial (24 h after light curing); after staining and after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th bleaching sessions regarding the color change (ΔE00, L*, a*, b*, and WID); roughness (Ra), nanohardness and elastic modulus (GPa). Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was performed (α=0.05 %). ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between staining and the 1st bleaching session for all ED groups (p<0.05). After the last bleaching session, there were no differences between the experimental and the control groups of both resin-based composites. Bleaching using violet light did not change the roughness, nanohardness and elastic modulus of the tested resin-based composites (p>0.05). ConclusionsAlthough hydrogen peroxide and violet light remove pigments from resin-based composites without affecting their surface roughness, nanohardness, and elastic modulus, the color change was similar to the one obtained by immersion in distilled water.

Influence of an internal firing of feldspathic porcelain before or after sintering on adaptation of high-translucent zirconia laminate veneers

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of two different internal surface treatments, namely, the firing of feldspathic porcelain before or after zirconia sintering, on the marginal and internal adaptation of laminate veneers (LVs) made of high-translucent zirconia. A total of 33 zirconia LVs were fabricated using a CAD/CAM system and divided into three groups based on the internal surface treatment method: the pre-firing (PRE) group involved firing feldspathic porcelain before zirconia sintering, the post-firing (POS) group involved firing feldspathic porcelain after zirconia sintering, and the no treatment (NT) group involved no application of feldspathic porcelain. The adaptation of the LVs was measured using a silicone replica technique. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Steel–Dwass tests (α = .05). The POS group showed significantly higher marginal discrepancy values than the PRE group across all sites. The internal space values of the PRE groups were significantly lower than those of the NT group at all sites. The internal firing of feldspathic porcelain before zirconia sintering resulted in better marginal adaptation of the high-translucent zirconia LVs than the internal firing of feldspathic porcelain after zirconia sintering. The internal firing of feldspathic porcelain before zirconia sintering can achieve uniform internal adaptation of high-translucent zirconia LVs.

The effect of parenteral vitamin B12 on the growth rate of dairy calves over the summer and autumn on seven farms from the Central Plateau, New Zealand

ABSTRACTAimsTo investigate the effect of parenteral vitamin B12 supplementation on the growth rate of dairy heifer calves over the summer and autumn on seven farms from the Central Plateau of New Zealand, an area historically associated with low cobalt levels in grazing pasture.MethodsThis was a controlled clinical trial conducted on a convenience sample of seven farms with young female calves randomly assigned to three vitamin B12 treatment groups and followed through a grazing season. Two treatment groups received either monthly SC injections of a short-acting (SA) B12 formulation or 3-monthly injections of a long-acting (LA) B12 formulation and the third group received no treatment (NT). No additional parenteral vitamin B12 was given; however, all calves received additional cobalt (0.04–0.4 mg Co/kg liveweight) in the mineralised anthelmintic drenches given orally every month. Liveweight was recorded in December/January and at the end of the trial in May/June/July depending on farm. Pasture cobalt concentrations (mg/kg DM) were measured every month using 500-g herbage samples from 100-m transects in the area about to be grazed by the trial groups.ResultsThere was evidence for a difference in growth rate between groups with mean final weight of 228 (95% CI = 212–243) kg for the LA groups, 224 (95% CI = 209–239) kg for the SA groups and 226 (95% CI = 211–241) kg for the NT groups respectively, (global p-value = 0.014). Calves given SA vitamin B12 were 3.77 (95% CI = 0.71–6.82) kg lighter than calves given LA vitamin B12 (p = 0.011). There was no evidence for a change in pasture cobalt concentrations (p = 0.32).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe results of this trial raise the question as to whether the routine use of vitamin B12 supplementation in young cattle from areas traditionally thought to be cobalt deficient is necessary, and further raise the possibility that vitamin B12 supplementation by repeated injection of SA products may negatively impact growth rates.

Binge Eating (BE) and Obesity: Brain Activity and Psychological Measures before and after Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB).

Brain activity in response to food cues following Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in binge eating (BE) or non-binge eating (NB) individuals is understudied. Here, 15 RYGB (8 BE; 7 NB) and 13 no treatment (NT) (7 BE; 6 NB) women with obesity underwent fMRI imaging while viewing high and low energy density food (HEF and LEF, respectively) and non-food (NF) visual cues. A region of interest (ROI) analysis compared BE participants to NB participants in those undergoing RYGB surgery pre-surgery and 4 months post. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons using liberal (p < 0.006 uncorrected) and stringent (p < 0.05 FDR corrected) thresholds. Four months following RYGB (vs. no treatment (NT) control), both BE and NB participants showed greater reductions in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals (a proxy of local brain activity) in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in response to HEF (vs. LEF) cues (p < 0.006). BE (vs. NB) participants showed greater increases in the precuneus (p < 0.006) and thalamic regions (p < 0.05 corrected) to food (vs. NF). For RYGB (vs. NT) participants, BE participants, but not NB participants, showed lower BOLD signal in the middle occipital gyrus (p < 0.006), whilst NB participants, but not BE participants, showed lower signal in inferior frontal gyrus (p < 0.006) in response to HEF (vs. LEF). Results suggest distinct neural mechanisms of RGYB in BE and may help lead to improved clinical treatments.

Remineralization potential of apacider mangosteen adhesive pastes on artificial carious lesions

Background/purposeAttention to caries administration has altered toward an early finding of lesions and targeted to noninvasive management with a remineralizing agent. This study compared the remineralization potential of apacider mangosteen adhesive pastes (AMAP), 500-ppm fluoride toothpaste (FT500), and 1000-ppm fluoride toothpaste (FT1000) on artificial caries. Materials and methodsArtificial caries were generated to enamel of eighty extracted human premolars. The specimens were allocated to four groups and subjected to pH-cycling with the application of testing agents (2 min each, for 10 days): (1) AMAP, dairy, (2) FT500, twice a day, (3) FT1000, twice a day, and (4) no treatment (NT). The surface microhardness was determined before demineralization, after demineralization, and after application of pH-cycling. The hardness, percent of hardness recovery (%HR), and percent of remineralization potential (%RP) were analyzed with ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). Polarized light microscopy (PLM) was assessed for lesion depth. ResultsSignificant differences in remineralization were observed upon various agents compared to NT (P < 0.05). A significant difference in remineralization was found among AMAP, FT1000, and FT500 (P < 0.05). No significant difference in %HR and %RP was observed between AMAP and FT1000 (P > 0.05). PLM signified greater decrease in depth for AMAP, compared to FT1000 and FT500, but no depth reduction for NT. ConclusionAMAP possesses comparable remineralization ability to FT1000. However, decreasing in depth of carious lesions was evinced with using AMAP more than FT1000 and FT500. AMAP was recommended as a potential remineralization material for handling initial caries.

Effect of Various Acid Solutions as an Aid in Removing the OrthoMTA-Based Root Canal Filling

The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of various acid solutions combined with ultrasonics as an aid to remove mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal filling and to assess their effect on the surface topography and microhardness of root canal dentin. Materials and Method: Fifty human permanent single rooted and single canaled freshly extracted teeth were decoronated and sectioned apically to prepare the middle third of root sections of 5 mm length. The canals were prepared in a step-back manner. OrthoMTA was packed throughout the prepared canals. These root sections were incubated for one week and subsequently randomly allocated to five groups (n = 10) according to the OrthoMTA removal method: No treatment (NT); 5% glycolic acid + ultrasonics (5% GA+U); 10% glycolic acid + ultrasonics (10% GA+U); 10% citric acid + ultrasonics (10% CA+U); Distilled water + ultrasonics (DW+U). A 1 mm deep well was created within the coronal end of the set OrthoMTA. Wells were filled with each respective test solution and left for 5 min. Thereafter, further removal of OrthoMTA used a specific ultrasonic tip. Finally, the canals were flushed using 1 mL of the respective test solutions and activated with a Controlled Memory ultrasonic tip for two cycles of 20 s each followed by flushing with 1 mL of distilled water and paper point drying of the canals. Then, specimens were longitudinally split into two halves and examined under a scanning electron microscope (1000×) to assess the residual OrthoMTA and surface topography of root canal dentin. The Vickers surface microhardness of treated radicular dentin was measured using the HMV-2 microhardness tester. Result: Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Significant differences for residual OrthoMTA were observed between (10% GA+U) with (5% GA+U), (10% CA+U), (DW+U) and (NT) (p value &lt; 0.01). In the context of microhardness, (5% GA+U) and (10% GA+U) showed statistically significant difference compared to (NT), (10% CA+U) and (DW+U) (p value &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: 10% GA+U was superior to other tested groups in removing OrthoMTA, but it substantially reduced dentin microhardness.

(203) Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Use and Progression to Heart Failure in Men with Coronary Artery Disease and Erectile Dysfunction

Abstract Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as an inability to reach or sustain an erection for satisfactory intercourse, and this condition affects more than 10 million men in the United States alone. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ED often co-occur due to shared vascular risk factors for this condition. Phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (PDE5i) such as sildenafil and tadalafil are approved as first line treatments for ED, when early trials have demonstrated marked improvements in erectile function. PDE5i such as tadalafil have also been associated with decreased risk of death and cardiovascular disease, as it may alter endothelial function to improve myocardial perfusion and cardiac contractility. To date, information specific to the type of PDE5i used in relation to their perceived cardiac benefits has been limited. Objective We investigated whether the choice of PDE5i may impact progression to heart failure and other major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among men with both CAD and ED. We hypothesized that tadalafil, with its high affinity to PDE5 receptors compared with sildenafil, may provide greater clinical benefits in reducing MACE. Methods A retrospective, propensity-matched, cohort study was performed using the TriNetX Research Network. Patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of CAD and ED but without pulmonary hypertension were captured from January 2011 to December 2016, with follow up restricted to 5 years. Patients were subdivided and analyzed via pairwise fashion according to known prescriptions for tadalafil, sildenafil, or no treatment (NT). Propensity matching was performed using baseline comorbidities of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebral infarction, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Outcomes of interest included 5-year rates of heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (MI), and mortality. Results Prior to propensity score matching, significant differences in baseline comorbidities were noted, with the highest rates of hypertension (9,653 [79.0%]), ischemic heart disease (9,109 [74.6%]), hyperlipidemia (8,541 [69.9%]), and cerebral infarction (690 [5.6%]) in the sildenafil group, and diabetes in the NT group (8,521 [38.2%]). Following propensity score matching, no significant differences were noted (Table 1). When compared with NT, both tadalafil and sildenafil were associated with reduced progression to HF, MI, and overall mortality. Most importantly, compared with sildenafil, tadalafil demonstrated lower progression to HF (HR: 0.85 [0.77-0.94]), MI (HR: 0.86 [0.76-0.97]) and mortality (HR: 0.85 [0.76-0.95]) (Table 2, Figure 1). Conclusions Tadalafil use was associated with a significant reduction in progression to HF, MI, and mortality, compared with sildenafil or no treatment. These preliminary results may signal meaningful clinical differences in drug choice for men suffering from CAD and ED, and therefore require further inquiry. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Endo.

Partial Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review of Treatment Options.

Purpose This systematic review summarizes the existing evidence on treatment options and outcomes for partial scapholunate interosseous ligament (pSLIL) injuries. Methods A systematic electronic search of Medline, Embase, and CINAHL was performed from inception through to February 13, 2022. All primary research articles addressing the treatment of pSLIL tears were eligible for inclusion regardless of timing of surgery, surgical technique, or rehabilitation. The PRISMA Checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. Descriptive statistics and forest plots are presented. Results A total of 14 studies with 342 patients were included for analysis. Treatments were categorized into four groups: electrothermal shrinkage (ES), arthroscopic capsuloplasty (AC), open capsulodesis (OC), and no treatment (NT). There were five studies in the ES group ( N = 69, mean age = 34.3 ± 3.3 years), three studies in the AC group ( N = 138, mean age = 32.2 ± 3.8 years), five studies in the OC group ( N = 123, mean age of 30.7 ± 7.8 years), and one study in the NT group ( N = 12, mean age = 43 years, range = 28-67 years). The average postintervention visual analog scale pain score for the ES group was 1.4 ± 0.5 (from 5.7 ± 1.8), for the AC group was 3.2 ± 1.3 (from 6.6 ± 0), for the OC group was 2.3 ± 2.1 (from 5.6 ± 1.6), and for the NT group was 3.2 (from 7.6). The wrist extension range of motion improved postoperatively for all intervention groups (ES = 66.3°-70.7°; AC = 67°-74.5°; and OC = 48.9°-63.5°), whereas it remained unchanged for the NT group (46°-45°). Grip strength also improved in all intervention groups (ES = 17.9-29.9 kg; AC = 24.0-32.2 kg; and OC = 15.8-26.6 kg), while the NT group remained unchanged (25-24 kg). The radiographic scapholunate gap improved postoperatively in all groups that reported pre- and postintervention (ES = 2.2-1.9 mm; OC = 2.5-1.8 mm) and slightly worsened in the NT group (2.5-2.7 mm). In the ES group, there were three complications (11.5%, no major complications), in the AC group there was one major complication (0.9%, complex regional pain syndrome [CRPS]), and in the OC group there were six complications (15.4%, four major complications-CRPS). Conclusion All interventional treatment options (ES, AC, and OC) provided significant improvements in patient-reported pain, range of motion, grip strength, and radiographic parameters, with low complication rates. In comparison, no improvement in range of motion or grip strength was noted in the NT group. Therefore, surgical management of pSLIL injuries is an effective and relatively safe treatment option. Further studies comparing the outcomes of specific surgical treatments are warranted to further elucidate the optimal management option for pSLIL tears. Level of Evidence Level III, systematic review of Level III-IV studies.

Abstract 1109: Effects of radiation therapy on the hardness of enamel and dentin

Abstract Introduction: Radiation therapy is often used as the main or adjunctive treatment for cancer in the oral cavity. Unfortunately, prolonged exposure to radiation has adverse effects on tissues of the oral cavity, including a decrease in the hardness of dentin. Consequently, patients who receive radiation therapy are susceptible to tooth sensitivity and caries. Fluoride treatments have proven to be effective in restoring the hardness of dentin as it remineralizes the tooth. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal fluoride treatment for restoring the hardness of irradiated teeth. Methods: 100 teeth were extracted, cleaned, and mounted in acrylic resin. The teeth were ground and polished to expose the dentin and enamel. The initial Knoop hardness of the teeth was measured and split equally among five groups and treated as follows: (1) sodium fluoride varnish (SF), (2) MI varnish (MI), (3) silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide (SDFKI), (4) silver diamine fluoride (SDF), and (5) no treatment (NT). All groups were subjected to 2 grays of daily radiation treatment for 6 weeks. The hardness of the dentin was measured immediately following radiation. Afterwards, the 5 treatments were applied weekly for 6 weeks. Hardness was measured 1 week after each treatment. Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance on ranks was used to compare the different groups. Results: After 6 weeks of fluoride treatment, there was a significant difference (p = 0.013) between the hardness of the irradiated enamel, with Group 4 resulting in the largest median measurement (263.4). Similarly, 5 weeks of fluoride application resulted in a mean hardness of dentin that was 15.8%, 13.6%, 16.2%, and 19.4% higher than the control for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Again, Group 4 had the highest hardness measurement. Conclusions: Radiation therapy decreases the hardness of enamel and dentin. SDF treatment resulted in the highest hardness for both irradiated dentin and enamel, suggesting that SDF is promising as a fluoride treatment for those undergoing radiation therapy for oral cancer. Citation Format: Rachel Kulchar, Florin Eggmann, Celine Mina, Steven Szewczyk, Kakiuchi Yusuke, Jie Deng, Francis Mante. Effects of radiation therapy on the hardness of enamel and dentin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1109.

PD11-10 PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 INHIBITOR USE AND PROGRESSION TO HEART FAILURE IN MEN WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD11-10 PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 INHIBITOR USE AND PROGRESSION TO HEART FAILURE IN MEN WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION Albert Ha, George Wayne, Mark Jacobs, Andreas Kalogeropoulos, and Joseph Alukal Albert HaAlbert Ha More articles by this author , George WayneGeorge Wayne More articles by this author , Mark JacobsMark Jacobs More articles by this author , Andreas KalogeropoulosAndreas Kalogeropoulos More articles by this author , and Joseph AlukalJoseph Alukal More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003251.10AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) often co-occur due to shared vascular risk factors. Although phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (PDE5i) are first line treatments for ED, they have also been shown to improve myocardial perfusion and cardiac contractility. To date, information regarding PDE5i and their perceived cardiac benefits has been limited. We hypothesized that tadalafil, with its high affinity to PDE5 receptors compared with sildenafil, may provide greater clinical benefits in reducing major adverse cardiac events (MACE). METHODS: A retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study was performed using the TriNetX Research Network. Patients with ICD-10 codes for CAD and ED but not pulmonary hypertension were captured (1/2011-12/2016). Patients were subdivided and analyzed via pairwise fashion according to known prescriptions for tadalafil (T), sildenafil (S), or no treatment (NT). Propensity matching was performed using baseline comorbidities of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebral infarction, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Outcomes of interest included 5-year rates of heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (MI), and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 41,287 male patients were identified, with 6,751 with concurrent tadalafil use, 12,214 with sildenafil use, and 22,321 with NT. When compared with NT, both tadalafil and sildenafil were associated with reduced progression to HF, MI, and overall mortality (Figure 1). Most importantly, compared with sildenafil, tadalafil demonstrated lower progression to HF (HR: 0.85 [0.77-0.94]), MI (HR: 0.86 [0.76-0.97]) and mortality (HR: 0.85 [0.76-0.95]) (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: Tadalafil use was associated with a significant reduction in progression to HF, MI, and mortality compared with sildenafil or no treatment. These preliminary results may signal meaningful clinical differences in drug choice for men suffering from CAD and ED, and therefore require further inquiry. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e336 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Albert Ha More articles by this author George Wayne More articles by this author Mark Jacobs More articles by this author Andreas Kalogeropoulos More articles by this author Joseph Alukal More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...