Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Research Articles

Long-term scenario forecast for the grain production development in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Subject. This article examines the problem of long-term planning and the role of natural, climatic, and industrial and economic features of the region in grain production. Objectives. The article aims to develop a long-term scenario forecast for the development of grain production in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, taking into account regional agro-climatic features. Methods. For the study, I used a factor analysis, simplex method of linear programming, and linear trends construction. Results. The article offers various forecasts for grain production in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Conclusions. The developed long-term scenario forecast for the development of grain production in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast can be useful for the development of a regional strategy for the development of grain production.

The current state of the dairy cattle industry in the region

Subject. The article is devoted to dairy cattle breeding being an important industry in the agro-food complex of the country that occupies a high share in the structure of gross agricultural output. Objectives. The purpose is to analyze the development of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian Federation, the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, and Knyagininsky District. Methods. We employed economic, statistical, and mathematical research methods. Results. The study provides the analysis of dairy cattle breeding development in the Russian Federation, the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, and the Knyagininsky District, reveals the interrelation of factors influencing the development of dairy cattle breeding in the Knyagininsky District. We determined reasons for a decline in the number of animals and the growth factors of cow milk yield. The paper offers the application of State support for the development of dairy production. Conclusions. Currently, it is possible to ensure the growth of milk volumes only on the basis of innovation-oriented development of dairy cattle breeding, which includes the introduction of technical, technological, organizational, and economic innovations, optimal combination of megafarms, dairy complexes, medium and small dairy farms, an increase in the genetic potential of the dairy herd, optimization of fodder base, improvement of the system of relations between the subjects of the milk and food subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex. It is crucial to provide State support for the development of dairy cattle breeding in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.

Precision agriculture in the regional system of strategic development of grain production

Subject. The article investigates strategic development of grain production, which, in the future, will increasingly rely on elements of precision agriculture. Their use enables to significantly increase the yield of grain crops due to systematic implementation of specialized digital technologies. The latter, under scarce resources, is a determinant in the long-term development of the grain industry. Objectives. The study aims to describe precision agriculture in the regional system of strategic development of grain production. Methods. I performed a comprehensive assessment of effectiveness of precision farming elements introduction by such indicators as the specific weight of the area of grain fields, the specific weight of synchronized agricultural machinery and other precision farming elements in a single digital space, and the share of covering the need for agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles and crop sensing systems. The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Resources of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast data on the number of used precision farming elements served as the analytical base of the study. Results. In the Buturlinsky and Dalnekonstantinovsky municipal districts, the introduction of precision farming elements is at an average systemic level, in Arzamas urban district and Bolshemurashkinsky municipal district – at a low systemic level, and in the rest, it is unsystematical. I offered and tested indicators of comprehensive assessment of effectiveness of precision farming elements introduction. Their analysis helped form a rating of the introduction of precision farming elements in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Conclusions. Each farm should determine its own level of use of precision farming elements to generate a strategy for introduction of other elements of technology to maximize economic efficiency, including synergistic effect.

Water bodies of former peat pits as the most important nesting sites for some species of Laridae in the center of European Russia

In this paper, we analyze the role of artificial water bodies in the former peat pits as habitats for gulls and terns based on long-term monitoring data in the Nizhny Novgorod oblast (area 76.624 km2), located in the center of European Russia. 3 regional censuses of Laridae were carried out in 1985-87, 1997, and 2006-2007. The monitoring of the largest colony of gulls in the region at the IBA Sitnikovski RU-185 was carried out in 1982, 1987, 1994, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2011 and 2023. It is shown that very large colonies of many species of Laridae, representing complexes of closely located colonies, have formed on the peat pits in the Nizhny Novgorod oblast. Peat pits are the most important nesting sites for Larus ridibundus, L. canus and L. argentatus in the central part of European Russia. In the Nizhny Novgorod oblast, more than 50% of the regional population of these species nests in these habitats. Monitoring only the Sitnikovski colony allows us to judge the trends in the numbers of most species of Laridae in the Nizhny Novgorod oblast at large. Based on extrapolation of population data at Sitniki peat pits we can calculate the approximate numbers of regional breeding populations of Larus minutus, L. ridibundus, L. canus and L. argentatus.

Methodological approach to determining the zones of strategic development of grain production

Subject. Grain production is developing under conditions of uncertainty, in view of which, its strategic development becomes vital for the agricultural sector. This should take into account the specificities of the spatial development of grain production, which in many respects are closely related to the natural and climatic, production and economic, and other conditions of economic activity. Objectives. The purpose is to formulate a methodological approach to determining the zones of strategic development of grain production in accordance with the Long-term Strategy for Russia's Grain Complex development until 2035. Methods. Due to the multi-criteria nature of grain production zoning, the necessity of using complex methods was proved during the study. My own approach combines the use of analytical alignment methods (based on a parabolic equation with subsequent calculation of the advance indicator) and the matrix method. The testing was conducted according to the data of municipalities of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Results. The application of my unique approach resulted in dividing the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast into four zones of strategic development of grain production. In each zone, I defined the pattern of development of grain crops and the sown area allocated to them. I also determined strategic measures aimed at grain output, which must be implemented in each municipality. Conclusions. If applied, the presented solution will enable a differentiated approach to strategic management of grain production at the regional level.

Applying the factor analysis to assess the development potential of the grain industry

Subject. The article explores the impact of various factors on assessment of the grain industry development and formation of its production potential in the future, using the case of agricultural agro-district of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Objectives. The purpose is to assess the resource potential of the grain industry development based on the use of factor and correlation analyses of the main components affecting the agricultural production of grain crops. Methods. The study employs general scientific (analysis and synthesis, formalization, analogy and comparison) and special (statistical, correlation, factor analysis) research methods. Results. We analyzed the production of grain crops in the context of agro-climatic zones of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast as part of municipalities of the region, performed the factorial and correlation analysis of the influence of individual parameters and conditions on grain production. The paper graphically presents the distribution of areas of the agricultural agro–district under study by two factors, i.e. the production potential of the organization and the personnel and resources to increase the volume of production in the future. Conclusions. The considered methods of analyzing factors and conditions of grain production determined a close relationship between the system-forming resources in agriculture, which are land and labor. The study defines their structural contribution to the formation of reserves for improving the efficiency of the grain industry and enhancing its potential in the future.

Features of employment in a singleindustry town on the example of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod oblast

The article describes the main features of the labor market in Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, analyzes employment strategies of the population from different property groups. Due to its geographical location, socio-demographic structure, Pavlovo was chosen as an example of a typical small town in the European part of Russia. The article presents the results of sociological survey conducted in 2011 and 2021. The 2011 survey was carried out by the Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the FCTAS RAS (Moscow) and Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod (Nizhny Novgorod) with participation of the universities of Glasgow (Scotland) and Uppsala (Sweden). The 2021 survey — by the Center for the Study of Social Systems, the Department of Sociology of Project Activity and Pro-Competitive Regulation of the Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod., the universities of Glasgow (Scotland), Uppsala (Sweden) with the support of the Scientific Information Center, Nizhny Novgorod. As a result of the cluster analysis, four social groups were identified that differ from each other in socio-economic characteristics and strategies of behavior in the labor market. The relationship between the level of education and the position on the labor market is clearly visible. In the group of affluent households, there are more people who have higher education. Higher education and qualification level allow one to occupy higher-paying positions, diversify career strategies even in a single-industry city. While in low-income families, the share of those who are employed in the industrial sector, in particular, at the city-forming enterprise, is higher. Affluent households show the greatest economic activity, while combining additional ways of earning with the main specialty. It is important to note that the lower the family income level, the less often they use the opportunities for additional earnings. People of retirement age, while maintaining an average level of economic activity and sufficient labor potential (education, skill level), are quite severely limited in employment opportunities. Factors reducing the material well-being of family are the presence of minor children, the position of a single parent, the status of a pensioner. Those living alone are also often low-income, especially women.

New information about the genealogy of the family of the architect V. I. Bazhenov

Until recently, the genealogy of the family of the great Russian architect and painter Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov (1738-1799) was little studied, full of inaccuracies and misconceptions. A little fragmentary and not always accurate information about the children and grandchildren of the architect was presented mainly in the works of Y. Y. Gerchuk and E. I. Ilizarova. However, until now, for example, the exact dates of life and burial places of members of the architect's family were unknown. The author of the present research studied church books, confession lists, archival court cases and many other archival documents and found a lot of new and previously unpublished information about the children of Vasily Bazhenov and his wife Agraphena Lukinichna (1745-1817): Konstantin (1771-1826), Vladimir (1772-1820), Olga (1773-not earlier than 1825), Vsevolod (1774-1843), Voin 1 (1776-1779), Nadezhda (1778-1857), Voin 2 (1779-1784), Mstislav (1782-1783), Vera (1784-not earlier than 1834) and Voin 3 (1785). The relevance and novelty of the study lies in the publication and systematization of many previously unknown facts from the history of V. I. Bazhenov's family, which significantly expands the understanding of the outstanding architect. The article presents the results of field survey of the Bazhenovs' burial sites in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Republic of Mordovia on the subject of the burials' preservation, these results are also important for necropolistics. The study provides dates of life, dates of marriages, as well as information about family, property, official status, family composition, places of residence, burial, etc., which allowed to reconstruct the genealogical picture of the family of the architect V. I. Bazhenov and his offsprings quite completely.

Retrospective and modern bases of labor resources assessment in the production potential of the economic system

Subject. The article is devoted to building a system of qualitative and effective assessment of labor resources to support the economic system of the State or region. Objectives. The purpose is to assess labor resources in the production potential of the economic system. Methods. The study employs general scientific research methods. Results. For general assessment of labor resources in the production potential of the economic system, indicators reflecting the quantity, quality and efficiency of labor potential are integrated into a single evaluation algorithm based on the use of a point system. The paper presents the calculations of the integrated indicator for the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Conclusions. By applying the point system to evaluate individual indicators characterizing one of the three areas of labor resources assessment, as well as the weighting values of indicators, I developed an algorithm for calculating one indicator. It can be used to determine the potential and efficiency of manpower utilization of the economic system, region, and country as a whole.

ЦВЕТЫ ЛИПОВКИ: АРДАТОВСКАЯ ФОЛЕЖНАЯ ИКОНА СОВЕТСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ

The article is about the tradition of creating handmade icons with foil rizas in the village Lipovka, located in the Ardatovsky district in the south-west of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The focus is on the genesis of the “flower tradition” of decorating Ardatov icons and on its comparison with other artistic styles in the Nizhny Novgorod Southwest. Also, they study the memories of local residents about Raisa Vasilyevna Serova the craftswoman icon-painter from the village of Lipovka. Cultural and historical origins of the Ardatov tradition of decorative and applied crafts. A hypothesis has been put forward about the presence of the Mordovian ritual substrate in the traditions of decorating foil icons in 20th century. To substantiate it, data from the more eastern districts of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Diveyevsky and Pervomaisky), as well as from the Republic of Mordovia are presented. According to these data the same practices of decorations with bright paper flowers were preserved in relation to pre-Christian ritual artifacts in the wedding rites of the local Mordva-Erzya (wreaths and ceremonial pies) until the end of the 20th century It is assumed that such more archaic ritual practices of the Mordva could be transferred to Christian ritual artifacts after they adopted Christianity in the 18th century. The authors describe the artistic techniques of the Ardatov icon tradition, characterize the artistic manner of a craftswoman from the Ardatov village of Lipovka and describe the religious landscape of that village during the Soviet era.

Inclusive culture in the aspect of realizing the rehabilitation potential of subjects accompanying children with autism spectrum disorders

Introduction. Socialization of children with autism spectrum disorders is carried out through their immersion in the sociocultural space. The most important component of sociocultural integration is reliance on the rehabilitation potential of both individuals with autism spectrum disorders and their immediate environment. An analysis of understanding inclusive culture was embedded in the ideological concept of the research initiative. The study aims to determine the conceptual positions of inclusive culture as a specific system of attitudes, knowledge and skills that contribute to solving problems of including children with autism spectrum disorders and their immediate environment in various sociocultural spaces and relationships. Materials and methods. The study involved 307 people representing four subject groups of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast of the Russian Federation: teachers/specialists of preschool educational institutions, teachers/specialists of general education organizations, parents of children with autism spectrum disorders and students receiving defectology education. The main research method was the author's questionnaire survey of respondents followed by expert assessment. Results. The obtained results reflect the variable subjective positions of respondents in relation to various aspects of inclusive culture as the basis for the inclusive potential of persons with autism spectrum disorders and their immediate environment. The differences in understanding the essence and mechanisms of inclusive culture and of its place in personal and social context among different subjects of educational space are updated. This aspect allows objectifying the problem of effective interaction between family and educational organization in disclosure and implementation of the rehabilitation potential of persons with autism spectrum disorders. More than 50% of teachers/specialists of educational organizations, as well as 70% of surveyed students and parents of children with autism spectrum disorders, differentiate the concepts of ‘culture of inclusion’ and ‘inclusive culture’, giving them different content contexts. 57% of surveyed teachers and 65% of parents consider persons with disabilities to be objects of inclusive culture, i.e. they are assigned a more passive role as a consumer of this very culture specially formed for them. Conclusion. The results obtained allow determining the main directions of educational, advisory and psychocorrectional work aimed at increasing psychological and pedagogical competence of specialists and parents who accompany children with autism spectrum disorders. Subjective expectations and ideas of respondents about the indicators and criteria of psychological culture, inclusion and features of interaction between society and people with disabilities act as a guideline for strategic planning of comprehensive support for families raising children with autism spectrum disorders

Об опыте конкурентной борьбы на выборах высшего должностного лица субъекта Российской Федерации

This article analyzes the features of competition in the elections of the Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2018. It is concluded that the level of competition between candidates has significantly increased in comparison with similar elections in 2014. At the same time, the professional level of the winning candidate's teams and other candidates ' teams differs significantly in favor of the first one. The readiness of citizens to compete is higher than the ability of candidates to lead it. Key words: election, competition, candidates, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, the Governor,

Inter-municipal cooperation as a tool for the development of regional municipal entities

Subject. This article discusses the issues of creating favorable conditions for the innovative development of the regions. Objectives. The article aims to identify areas for improving the competitiveness of municipal formations. Methods. For the study, we used correlation and factor analyses, and the methods of comparison and generalization. Results. The article identifies four main factors contributing to the development of municipal entities and presents perceptual maps for fourteen municipalities of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast with population less than fifteen thousand people. Conclusions. Mutual cooperation of municipal entities in certain areas can contribute to improving the investment attractiveness of the region and the standard of living of the population.

Analyzing the state and protection of environment in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Subject. Environmental pollution affects the living standards of the population, the economic situation of the region, its investment attractiveness, thus determining the need to assess the ecological situation and environmental costs. Objectives. The study aims to provide a quantitative assessment of air pollution, contamination of water basins, soil, condition of waste disposal, forest health, and current costs and investments in fixed assets for environmental protection. It also reviews the content of regional environmental projects of the Nizhny Novgorod Odlast and their financial support. Methods. The study draws on generalization of official statistical information, materials of federal and regional executive authorities, and employs methods of structural, dynamic, trend, and comparative analysis. Results. I reviewed the state of atmospheric air, soil, water and forest resources, industrial and household waste disposal, identified sources of nature pollution, estimated the costs of environmental protection, unveiled prospects for improving the quality of environment within the framework of environmental projects in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Conclusions. The pollution of atmospheric air and soil is quite low in the region, however, only 40% of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere are neutralized, half of the wastewater is polluted. The most important problem is solid and liquid waste management. Investments in fixed capital are more than twice as high as the current costs of environmental protection, significant investments in the improvement of the Volga and rivers of the Volga basin are envisaged within the framework of regional projects "Ecology".

FEATURES OF THE VETLUGA MARI’s IDENTITY: ETHNIC ISOLATION IN A MULTICULTURAL REGION

This article is devoted to the problem of identity of the Mari population living in the multicultural region of the Vetluga river (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast). Based on the field material, the author explores representation of the North-Western Mari people’s identity as “isolated” from the Mari population of other regions. The author pays special attention to folklore characters as an ethnosymbolic aspect of the local identity, linguistic and religious factors of the ethnic self-perception of the Vetluga Mari. According to field materials and earlier studies, the modern Mari population of the Nizhny Novgorod region uses the Mari language less often than the Mari people of other regions. The Russian language is widespread in most spheres of public life. Currently, the cult practices of the Mari traditional religion have practically not been preserved in the analyzed region. At the same time, the Mari aspect of local culture (Mari holidays, crafts) is actualized thanks to ethno-cultural activism.

Imams’ Prison Service in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in 2007-2021

This article is devoted to the imams’ prison service of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Nizhny Novgorod Region (DUMNO) in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in 2007-2021. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the imams’ work comes as a contribution to the observance of the convicts’ rights for the freedom of conscience and to the help in practicing their religion. This article describes the evolution of the imams’ prison service as a form of social service in the period from 2007 to 2021 in institutions of to the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region. The source base of the study includes materials of the offi cial websites of the DUMNO, the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region, the media content, Russian legislation and regulations, interviews with imams, offi cials of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and convicts. The study results a vision of the evolution of relations between DUMNO and the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region. The paper demonstrates a gradual increase in the number of imams’ contacts, forms of work with convicts to improve the situation in the fi eld of rights of convicts. Moreover, the research exposes the fact of growing numbers of imams having gained experience in prison service. According to the results of the study Islamic education for convicts comes as the important part of imams’ prison service.

Fleroff goes digital: georeferenced records from "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir" (Fleroff, 1902).

BackgroundGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) has uneven data coverage across taxonomic, spatial and temporal dimensions. Temporal imbalances in the data coverage are particularly dramatic. Thus, 188.3M GBIF records were made in 2020, more than the whole lot of the currently available pre-1986 electronic data. This underscores the importance of reliable and precise biodiversity spatial data collected in early times. Biological collections certainly play a key role in our knowledge of biodiversity in the past. However, digitisation of historical literature is underway, being a modern trend in biodiversity data mining. The grid dataset for the flora of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, includes many historical records borrowed from the "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir" by Alexander F. Fleroff (also known as Flerov or Flerow). Intensive study of Fleroff's collections and field surveys exactly in the same localities where he worked, showed that the quality of his data is superb. Species lists collected across hundreds of localities form a unique source of reliable information on the floristic diversity of Vladimir Oblast and adjacent areas for the period from 1894 to 1901. Since the grid dataset holds generalised data, we made precise georeferencing of Fleroff's literature records and published them in the form of a GBIF-mediated dataset.New informationA dataset, based on "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir. I. Pflanzengeographische Beschreibung des Gouvernements Wladimir" by Fleroff (1902), includes 8,889 records of 654 taxa (mainly species) from 366 localities. The majority of records originate from Vladimir Oblast (4,611 records of 534 taxa from 195 localities) and Yaroslavl Oblast (2,013 records of 409 taxa from 66 localities), but also from Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (942 records), Ivanovo Oblast (667 records) and Moscow Oblast (656 records). The leading second-level administrative units by the number of records are Pereslavsky District (2,013 records), Aleksandrovsky District (1,318 records) and Sergievo-Posadsky District (599 records). Georeferencing was carried out, based on the expert knowledge of the area, analysis of modern satellite images and old topographic maps. For 2,460 records, the georeferencing accuracy is 1,000 m or less (28%), whereas for 6,070 records it is 2,000 m or less (68%). The mean accuracy of records of the entire dataset is 2,447 m. That accuracy is unattainable for most herbarium collections of the late 19th century. Some localities of rare plants discovered by Fleroff and included into the dataset were completely lost in the 20th century due to either peat mining or development of urban areas.

Developing an Industry and Innovation Cluster Strategy Through the Parallel and Sequential Real Options Method

Subject. This article considers the issues of formation of an innovation and industrial cluster's strategy through the parallel and sequential real options method. Objectives. The article aims to develop an innovation and industrial cluster's strategy formation methodology using parallel and sequential real options. Methods. For the study, we used the compound real options technique. Results. The article presents an original methodology for developing an innovation and industrial cluster's development strategy, taking into account the assessment of the priorities of the cluster itself and the region where it is located. The process of forming a strategy for the development of a pilot cluster of the electric power industry in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, represented by PAO TNS Energo NN, is considered as a case study of the implementation of the presented methodology. Conclusions and Relevance. The presented methodology will help further realize the innovative potential available in the region. The results obtained can be useful to public authorities when planning the development of industrial and innovation clusters and the harmonious development of the country's regions.

Articulating the development strategy for the innovation and industrial cluster by the compound option method

Subject. The article focuses on the development strategy for the innovation and industrial cluster by the compound option method. Objectives. We articulate the development strategy for the innovation and industrial cluster by the compound option method, which would allow for flexible administrative decisions on the cluster evolution. Methods. The proposed method is based on the use of the compound option method, which includes constituents as follows: 1) the option for the reduction in the cluster strategy and withdrawal from it; 2) the option for the development and dissemination of experience across the cluster; 3) the option for the rearrangement and temporary suspension of the cluster strategy. Results. To illustrate the proposed method, we formulated the development strategy for the pilot innovation and industrial cluster of power engineering in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, which is represented with the backbone company PAO TNS Energo NN. The real option method helped increase the value of the cluster’s strategy. Combining the compound real option just as we suggest, it will be possible to avoid unreasonable administrative decisions on the withdrawal from the current strategy, which would provide for multiple, already existing tactical opportunities for the cluster’s development. The value of the current strategy, first of all, absorbs a put option. This is an option to reduce the cluster’s strategy or withdraw from it. Afterwards if the current strategy is continued, three call options are added to it. Conclusions and Relevance. The findings can be useful for governmental authorities in planning the development of innovation and industrial clusters and the harmonious advancement of the country.

Features of Forming of Trust among Student Youth to Information in the Media Network

The article investigates the peculiarities of formation of students’ trust in information in online and offline communication spaces. For this purpose the theoretical hypothesis of the dual orientation of trust genesis is substantiated: basal and socio-cultural. The first orientation is connected with the action of primary social institutions, the second – with the action of secondary institutions and sociocultural technologies. But the meaning of trust is unified: possessing the character of social automatism, it is a general condition for launching specific kinds of people’s relations and activities. This is its positivity, which, however, does not guarantee the positivity of the result of activity. The hypothesis is tested by analyzing the results of empirical data on Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. The article analyzes the criteria for forming trust in Internet information sources, reveals its qualitative levels and shows how online interaction in information space contributes to the formation of a qualitatively new form of trust – socio-cultural.