This research was carried out under the temperate climate condition of Ilam province, Iran, during 2011-2013 growing seasons to determine the suitable crop rotation for enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat. The experiment was performed in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The main plots consisted of 6 pre-sowing plant treatments (control, PerkoPVH, Buko, Clover, Oilseed radish and combination of three plants; Ramtil, Phasilia, and clover), and sub-plots were allocated to four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (Zero, fertilizer recommendation based on soil test, 50% lower and 50% higher than the recommended fertilizer).The results showed that there were significant differences among the presowing treatments for the grain yield. The highest and lowest grain yield, were obtained for Buko: wheat rotation and fallow: wheat rotation with 8345, and 4491 kg/ha, respectively. The highest and the lowest nitrogen uptake were obtained for Buko: wheat and clover: wheat rotation, respectively. The difference between the various rotations was significant for nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The rotation of oilseed radish: wheat increased nitrogen economic performance up to 20.36 kg/ha.The physiological nitrogen efficiency in fallow: wheat rotation was the highest with 39 kg kg-1 of nitrogen. The maximum nitrogen recovery efficiency were obtained for oilseed radish: wheat and PerkoPVH: wheat rotation with 45% and 36%, respectively.The highest nitrogen harvest index was observed in Buko: wheat rotation: (86.5%), and Perko: wheat (85%) and the lowest one in fallow: wheat (79.28%).