Nitrogen Dioxide In Ambient Air Research Articles

Nitrogen compounds at Mexican and USA coasts on the Gulf of Mexico

In recent decades, anthropogenic emissions in the Gulf of Mexico have caused a deterioration in air quality in surrounding areas, mainly due to particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Over this period, interest in reactive nitrogen compounds has increased due to their relationships to air quality and ecosystem impacts associated with atmospheric deposition. In this study we summarize air concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air and wet atmospheric deposition of nitrate and ammonium along the southern coast of the United States of America and eastern Mexico over the period 2017 to 2020. The highest concentrations of ammonium and nitrate were observed in precipitation at Texas and sites in Mexico, although the highest rates of atmospheric deposition were observed in Florida and Louisiana. The ratio between ammonium and nitrate in precipitation was higher at Mexican stations than in studied sites in the United States, influenced by meteorological factors, atmospheric emissions, and characteristic air mass transport in the region. Back trajectory modeling showed the importance of the seasonality of the wind in the transport of nitrogen compounds of local and regional origin that affect Veracruz.

Calibration of a passive sampling device for the determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a common air pollutant, has been widely admitted to be harmful to both the environment and human health, demanding its well-control procedure and corresponding quantification. In this study, NO2 in ambient air was collected by a passive sampling method using the Willems badge diffusive sampler, followed by a derivatization step with the Griess-Saltzman solution, and analyzed by ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy at 543 nm. The device can be utilized for 168 h of continuous field sampling. The experimental sampling rate (Ke) of (4.02 ± 0.29) × 10−3 m3h−1 with a relative standard deviation (% RSD) of 9.6 % was determined by conducting parallel experiments between an active sampling method (ISO 6768:1998) and the Willems samplers. After exposure time, samplers could be stored for two weeks in a refrigerator at 4 °C before analyzing. The studied passive diffusive sampler was simple, low-cost, easy to reuse; permitted determining the average concentration of NO2 in ambient air. The average NO2 concentrations for 2-hour to 4-hour sampling periods at different studied sampling sites in Ho Chi Minh city (Vietnam) were ranged from 11.5 to 189 μg m−3.

High Level of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air Increased Incidence of Influenza in Children: An Observational Study in China

Background: The roles of air pollutants including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) in influenza incidence at nationwide level of China remained obscure. Methods: Data from two complementary nation-wide influenza surveillance systems were applied to examine the association between air pollutants and influenza incidences. Spatial epidemiological analyses were performed on both air pollutants and influenza incidences in 31 provinces of mainland China. Cities with consistent data patterns between the two surveillance systems were chosen to examine the effects of pollutants on monthly influenza incidences using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and on daily incidence using the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Results: Out of five common air pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3, CO, PM2.5), the concentration of NO2 was found spatially correlated with annual average influenza positive rates at province level (Pearson’s correlation coefficient=0.69, P<0.001). Based on data from 134 cities, NO2 and SO2 were found positively associated with monthly influenza incidences with estimated RRs of 1.22 and 1.09, respectively. The RRs increased to 1.45 and 1.13 among children younger than 18 years. NO2 is the only pollutant that showed robust positive association with daily influenza incidence in 12 of the 18 cities with adequate daily incidence data. The positive association was found in children under 18 years but not in adults. Interpretation: A higher NO2 concentration in ambient air was associated with an increased incidence of influenza across a wide geographic range in China with more vulnerable impact in Children. These findings reflect the need for annual vaccination campaign among children and their parents as well as air pollution control in densely populated urban areas. Funding Information: The National Natural Science Foundation of China; The China Mega-Project on Infectious Disease Prevention; The Key Research and Development Program of China; The US National Institutes of Health grant. Declaration of Interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: no support from any organization for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. Ethics Approval Statement: The current study was approved by Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology in accordance with the medical research regulations of China.

A Simple Technique Based on Digital Images for Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air.

The lockdown to prevent the coronavirus spread resulted in an immediate reduction in gas concentration worldwide. This fact shows the importance of nitrogen dioxide as a pollutant gas directly associated with human activities. For indoor exposure, NO2 has been associated with effects on the respiratory system. In outdoor environments, ozone reaches a maximum after NO2 peaks, and acid rain arises with NO2 oxidation to forms nitric acid. Therefore, monitoring the NO2 concentration in atmospheric air can help prevent respiratory diseases and lower the concentration of other atmospheric pollutants. The experiment proposed in this article uses a low-cost passive sampler for the NO2 collection. An innovative and straightforward technique to determine the gas concentration through a gel-dyed formation and based on digital image analysis RGB colors channel are split by the software ImageJ. Results of digital image analysis and spectrophotometry were statistically agreed at a 95% confidence level. The advantages of the technique include low cost, the ready availability of components, ease of use, and sensitivity. The achievable resolution of nitrogen dioxide concentrations is 9 ppb for 24-h sampling.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-021-05031-4.

Nitrogen dioxide concentration and health risk assessment at schools: Case study Tha sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat province

A Traffic congestion around schools always problem for many schools. The biggest cause of the problem is the parent’s vehicles which they are dropping off and picking up their children from school. Other vehicle belongs to student and teacher in the school. Therefore, high air pollutant level usually found around school. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of pollutant which associated with traffic density because it was emitted from internal combustion of vehicle. This gas causes inflammation of respiratory system and is a precursor of ground level ozone and particulate matter, which are associated with adverse health effects. It is also a source of acid rain which damage an ecological system. This study aims to measure concentration of NO2 from three schools which have different traffic volume and building density in Tha sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, after that, the concentration was applied to evaluate health risk of exposure to NO2 for residents who is living around schools including children and adult. The samples were collected by using passive samplers for 24 Hrs on the working day during February to May 2019. The results shown that the concentration of NO2 at schools in semester start were ranged 48.6-78.1 µg/m3 which were 1.5 time over that in semester break period. Pollutant concentration was relative with traffic volume in the area. Even though, the NO2 level from all schools were accepted by the 24-hours standard of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air (<113 µg/m3) but the toxicological risk assessment distinguished that the resident living around schools in Tha Sala district exposed to NO2 above the recommended limits to human health

대기 중 이산화질소 측정을 위한 튜브형 및 뱃지형 패시브샘플러의 성능 비교

대기 중 이산화질소 측정을 위한 튜브형 및 뱃지형 패시브샘플러의 성능 비교

Dispersion Modeling of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air of Ahvaz City

Background: Air emission modeling is used to study how pollutants are spread in the environment and to forecast their emissions rate in different climatic conditions in the study area. Today, air pollution threatens human public health and the environment, and Ahvaz is considered one of the main centers of air pollution in Iran. Objectives: This aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen dioxide distribution in Ahvaz by using the software program Screen 3. Materials and Methods: This analytical study was conducted in 2013 in Ahvaz. Data collections were performed by the Ahvaz Department of Environment. After processing the data received (averaging instruction set, coding), the file was converted to an input file for the software program Screen 3. In the next phase, study of the distribution and release of nitrogen dioxide during the year 2013 was modeled using the Screen 3 software. Results: Based on the results of this study, the highest and the lowest nitrogen dioxide concentration were in the Bureau of Meteorology and Head office of ADoE stations, respectively. The maximum concentration of NO 2 , at a height of 45 m, was 20 μg/m 3 .According to the findings of the modeling, examination of the combustion process was observed, and this was caused by the amount of nitrogen dioxide emitted by flue outlets, which was affected by temperature and pressure, fuel flow rates and inlet air temperature. Also, results showed that in most cases emission of air pollutants was towards the southwest. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that the Screen3 software is one of the popular models for estimating the distribution of air pollutants. Nitrogen dioxide emissions are highly regulated in most industrialized regions. Decreased emissions from fuel combustion, the use of scrubbers and filters that absorb pollution can be very useful for reduction and control of nitrogen dioxide emissions.

A Personal Sampler for Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air

A Personal Sampler for Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air

New spectrophotometric method for determining nitrogen dioxide in air using 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid-diammonium salt and passive sampling.

A new simple and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for determining nitrogen dioxide in air was developed. The method is based on converting atmospheric nitrogen dioxide to nitrite ions within the IVL passive samplers used for samples collection. Acidifying nitrite ions with concentrated HCl produced the peroxynitrous acid oxidizing agent which was measured using 2, 2-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid-diammonium salt (ABTS) as reducing coloring agent. A parallel series of collected samples were measured for its nitrite content using a validated ion chromatographic method.The results obtained using both methods were compared in terms of their sensitivity and accuracy. Developed spectrophotometric method was shown to be one order of magnitude higher in sensitivity compared to the ion chromatographic method. Quantitation limits of 0.05 ppm and 0.55 μg/m3 were obtained for nitrite ion and nitrogen dioxid, respectively. Standard deviations in the ranges of 0.05–0.59 and 0.63–7.92 with averages of 0.27 and 3.11 were obtained for determining nitrite and nitrogen dioxide, respectively.Student-t test revealed t-values less than 6.93 and 4.40 for nitrite ions and nitrogen dioxide, respectively. These values indicated insignificant difference between the averages of the newly developed method and the values obtained by ion chromatography at 95% confidence level.Compared to continuous monitoring techniques, the newly developed method has shown simple, accurate, sensitive, inexpensive and reliable for long term monitoring of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air.

The determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air with free hanging filters as passive samplers, and a new calibration method using fritted bubblers

This paper describes two new methods for the determination of NO(2) in the ambient air. The first method consists of free hanging filters with a diameter of 2.5 cm as passive samplers. The filters are impregnated with triethanolamine to bind NO(2). With standard colorimetrical analysis, the amount of NO(2) on the filters is determined. The second method is performed with fritted bubblers filled with Saltzman reagent, where, with a special procedure the absorption efficiencies of the bubblers are determined using ambient air, without the use of standard gases and electronic analytical instruments. The results of the bubblers are used to calibrate the free hanging filters. The two methods were applied simultaneously in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The methods are inexpensive and very well suited for use in low-budget situations. A characteristic of the free filter is the Sampling Volume, SV. This is the ratio of the amount of NO(2) on the filter and the ambient concentration. With the filter used in this study, the amount of triethanolamine and exposure time, the SV is 0.0166 m(3). The sampling rate (SR) of the filter, 4.6 cm(3)/s, is high. Hourly averaged measurements are performed for 15 hours per day in four busy streets. The measured amounts of NO(2) on the filters varied between 0.57 and 2.02 microg NO(2), at ambient air concentrations of 32 to 141 microg/m(3) NO(2). During the experiments the wind velocity was between 0.2 and 2.0 m/s, the relative humidity between 24 and 83 % and the temperature between 295 K and 311 K. These variations in weather conditions have no influence on the uptake of NO(2).

Determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air employing diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

This paper presents the development of a simple and precise analytical method for the determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air. In this method nitrogen dioxide is determined in the form of nitrite. The determination of nitrogen dioxide needs no reagents except for a solution of sodium hydroxide mixed with sodium arsenite (NaOH–Na 2As 2O 3) which is used as an absorbing reagent for trapping the nitrogen dioxide from the atmosphere in the form of nitrite, i.e., a prior analysis step. The determination of submicrogram levels of nitrogen dioxide is based on the selection of a strong and sharp quantitative analytical peak at 1380 cm − 1 using diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRS-FTIR). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification of the method are found to be 0.008 μg g − 1 NO 2 − and 0.05 μg g − 1 NO 2 −, respectively. The precision in terms of standard deviation and relative standard deviation value at a level of 2 μg NO 2 − / 0.1 g KBr for n = 10 is found to be 0.036 μg NO 2 − and 1.8%, respectively. The relative standard deviation ( n = 10) for the determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air was observed to be in the range 2.6–3.8%. The method proposed is time-saving and eliminates the slow and cumbersome steps of pH maintenance of the reaction mixture and color formation of the EPA recommended spectrophotometric and other methods for quantitative determination of nitrogen dioxide.

Aminophenyl Benzimidazole as a New Reagent for the Estimation of NO2/Nitrite/Nitrate at Trace Level: Application to Environmental Samples

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air and nitrite/nitrate in water and soil samples has been developed. Nitrogen dioxide in air has been fixed as nitrite ion using alkaline sodium arsenite as absorbing medium. The method is based on the reaction of nitrite with aminophenyl benzimidazole in acid medium to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with N‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an azo dye with an absorption maximum at 555 nm in aqueous phase. The method obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 0–10 µg of nitrite in 25 ml solution. The molar absorptivity has been found to be 6.3×104 l mol−1 cm−1. The dye can be extracted quantitatively into isoamyl alcohol under alkaline condition and the addition of methanolic hydrochloric acid restores the original dye colour. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0–2 µg of nitrite with a detection limit of 0.009 µg. The effect of interfering species has been studied and the developed method has been applied to determine trace levels of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air and the results have been compared with the standard method. It is also applied to measure the nitrite/nitrate levels of surface and ground water samples collected from lakes, tube wells as well as soil samples.

Laboratory and field comparison of measurements obtained using the available diffusive samplers for ozone and nitrogen dioxide in ambient air

This study presents an evaluation of the extent of differences between measurements performed by O(3) and NO(2) diffusive samplers and by the reference methods for diffusive samplers commercially available. The tests were performed in an exposure chamber under extreme conditions of controlling factors and under field conditions. For NO(2), the results of the laboratory experiments showed that most of the diffusive samplers were affected by extreme exposure conditions. The agreement between the samplers and the reference method was better for the field tests than for the laboratory ones. The estimate of the uptake rate for the exposure conditions using a model equation improved the agreement between the diffusive samplers and the reference methods. The agreement between O(3) measured by the diffusive samplers and by the reference method was satisfactory for 1-week exposure. For 8-hour exposures, the diffusive samplers with high uptake rates quantified better the O(3) concentration than the samplers with low uptake rates. As for NO(2), the results of the O(3) field tests were in better agreement with the reference method than the ones of the laboratory tests. The field tests showed that the majority of diffusive samplers fulfils the 25% uncertainty requirement of the NO(2) European Directive and the 30% uncertainty requirement of the O(3) European Directive for 1-week exposure.

A Passive Sampler for Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air

This article describes the use of a passive sampler for detecting and collecting nitrogen dioxide, NO2, in ambient air. This device is based on microporous PTFE membranes that allow air samples to ...

Determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air by use of a passive sampling technique and triethanolamine as absorbent

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air by use of a passive sampling technique and triethanolamine as absorbentDariusz Krochmal and Ludwik GorskiCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 3, 531–535Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/es00015a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Analysis of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air by ion-exclusion chromatography with electrochemical detection

Analysis of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air by ion-exclusion chromatography with electrochemical detection

Low-level determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air using the palmes tube

Low-level determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air using the palmes tube

Low-level determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air using the palmes tube

Measurements below 300 ppb h using the Palmes Tube are limited by exposure of the samplers during preparation, absorption of nitrogen dioxide in the acrylic body of the sampler, storage life of the samplers, and sensitivity of the analytical procedure. Methods which achieve a limit of detection of 30 ppb h are discussed.

Reaction of NO2 with NaCl and atmospheric implications of NOCl formation

Oxidation of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air is of global interest as a source of O3 in photochemical air pollution1 and of HNO3 in acid rain2 and fogs3. Gas phase oxidation occurs by reaction with the photochemically produced hydroxyl free radical (OH) during the daylight hours2. A second potential mechanism involves reactions of NO3 (ref. 4). IR and mass spectrometric (MS) data are now reported for a third route which occurs both day and night, the reaction of NO2 with sea salt (NaCl): 2NO2(g) + NaCl(s) → NOCl(g) + NaNO3(s) (1) This is the first evidence that reaction (1), suggested previously5,6 proceeds at p.p.m. NO2 concentrations. NOCl formation may be significant in coastal urban areas because it photolyses rapidly to Cl atoms, and hydrolyses to HONO, a major OH source; both Cl and OH initiate atmospheric photochemical oxidations.

Collaborative testing of a manual sodium arsenite method for measurement of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air

Collaborative tests conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Midwest Research Institute prove that the sodium arsenite method for 24-hr integrated measurement of NO/sub 2/ in ambient air is accurate and precise. Simultaneous sampling of ambient air and the same air spiked with NO/sub 2/ indicated that the method had 1) a bias of -3% of the NO/sub 2/ concentration over the measured range of 84-312 micrograms/m/sup 3/, and 2) a lower detectable limit of 8 micrograms/m/sup 3/.