Time Of Nitrogen Application Research Articles

Características físico-químicas de batata em função de doses e fracionamentos de nitrogênio e potássio

The present work was carried out aiming to evaluate chemical and physical characteristics of potato tubers in function of the doses and time of nitrogen and potassium application. Three doses of N and K (75% of the recommended dose; recommended dose according to soil analysis; 125% of the recommended dose; recommended dose according to soil analysis) and five application times were used (100% upon planting; 1/3 upon planting and 2/3 upon tuberization; 50% upon planting and 50% upon tuberization; 1/3 upon planting, 1/3 upon tuberization and 1/3 25 days after tuberization; 1/4 upon planting, 1/4 upon tuberization, 1/4 25 days after tuberization and 1/4 50 days after tuberization) and. The experimental outline was the factorial one (3 × 5), with plots arranged in randomized blocks with four repetitions. Tubers from the Agata cultivar, uniformly budded. Firmness was assessed, as well as soluble solids, total titulable acidity, total soluble sugars and reducing sugars. The data were submitted to the variance analysis and Tukey teste at 5% of probability. Only the application time and the doses of N and K did promote significant responses in the content of reducing sugars in the tubers potato Agata.

パスタ用コムギ品種「北海259号」の収量・子実タンパク質含有率に及ぼす播種時期、播種量、窒素施肥量および施肥時期の影響 : キタホナミとの比較(平成24年度年次講演会一般講演)

パスタ用コムギ品種「北海259号」の収量・子実タンパク質含有率に及ぼす播種時期、播種量、窒素施肥量および施肥時期の影響 : キタホナミとの比較(平成24年度年次講演会一般講演)

パスタ用コムギ品種「北海259号」の収量・子実タンパク質含有率に及ぼす窒素施肥量および施肥時期の影響(平成23年度年次講演会一般講演)

パスタ用コムギ品種「北海259号」の収量・子実タンパク質含有率に及ぼす窒素施肥量および施肥時期の影響(平成23年度年次講演会一般講演)

The Effects of Foliar Nitrogen Treatments at Heading Stage on Grain Protein Contents of Bread Wheat Cultivars

The studies were conducted at Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute in Eskisehir and Selcuk University in 2008-2010 growing seasons. Two bread wheat cultivars (Gerek 79 and Bezostaja 1) were used as plant material. Experimental treatments were 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha -1 applied at planting and tillering stages (early-season treatments) and 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N ha -1 (urea form) applied at heading stage (late-season treatments) as foliar applications. A variation was created in terms of SPAD and TN at heading stage through different nitrogen rates in traditional nitrogen application time. Results under rain-fed conditions revealed that foliar nitrogen at heading stage could increase the protein content at least 1%, and the critical threshold NSPAD value was 0.96 for Bezostaja 1 and 0.94 for Gerek 79. On the other hand, the threshold TN value was 4.22% for Bezostaja 1 and 3.75% for Gerek 79 under the same conditions. The increase in grain protein content of Bezostaja 1 per 10 kg ha -1 of N was 2.0% in early-season and 3.2% in late-season treatments. The same increase rates for Gerek 79 were 1.5% in early-season and 2.7% in late-season treatments. Although both early and late-season treatments were effective on protein content and related quality traits, the application of foliar solution in heading stage was more dominant as compared to the traditional nitrogen application time.

Response of baby corn genotypes to soil and foliar nitrogen application schedule

ABSTRACTResponsive genotypes, timing and mode of nitrogen application are important for realizing potential yield of winter baby corn. Soil application of nitrogen is a common practice. Foliar application enhances absorption and utilization of nitrogen particularly after anthesis. We investigated combined approach in management of nitrogen for the first time including soil applications followed by foliar urea spray to enhance baby corn yield and profitability. To determine these, 2-year study conducted with three genotypes and six schedules of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN). Growth characters, productivity traits, harvest period and yields recorded. Nitrogen content and uptake, protein content and harvest were determined. Genotype HM-4 produced 4.6% and 4.1% more cobs and corn weight over HQPM-1. Combined approach resulted higher yield attributes, yields, N uptake, protein harvest and monetary returns. RDN in 4 splits with more basal (B) dose increased cob and corn yield by 4.8% and 5.1% than 3 splits (50% B). Results suggest that HM-4 be grown using RDN 50% as B, 25% at knee height stage, 20% at tassel emergence followed by 5% foliar spray after first picking as urea solution (3%) for achieving higher yield and net returns. More studies needed under diverse conditions.

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Yield Components, Fodder, Grain, and Oil Yields of Brassica Cultivars

ABSTRACTThe dual-purpose use of Brassica cultivars means cutting or grazing the crop as fodder and then letting it to re-grow and produce grain with little or no yield penalty. A field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement with three replications. Three Brassica cultivars, three nitrogen application timing, and cutting treatments were included in the experiment. The findings indicated that Brassica cultivar Abasin-95 produced higher fresh and dry fodder yields, seeds pod−1, seed, biological, and oil yields. However, NIFA Raya resulted in a higher number of pods and branches plant−1. Likewise, fresh and dry fodder yields were higher with nitrogen (N) application all at sowing. Nitrogen applied in two splits resulted in a higher number of pods plant−1 and grain yield. Cutting suppressed all parameters except 1000 grain weight. Uncut plots produced significantly higher branches plant−1, pods plant−1, seeds pod−1, seed, biological, and oil yields than cut plots.

Maize response to time of nitrogen application and planting seasons

Nitrogen (N) response by maize differs due to growing seasons, growth stages, duration and growing domain as N losses is higher due to leaching as well as volatilization. Objective of this study was to know the response of split applications of N and growing seasons on maize under Chitwan environments. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at the research field of NMRP Rampur during the winter, spring, and summer seasons of 2012/013 and 2013/014. Experiments were laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with four replications for all the seasons. Early maturing maize genotype Arun-1 EV was used for the experiments. Five splits of recommended dose of N were tested. Grain yield, days to flowering, plant height, ear height, kernel rows per ear, no. of kernels per row, ear length and thousand grain weight significantly differed due to growing seasons and split applications of N. Significantly higher grain yield (3911 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of 30 kg N ha-1 each at 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing as compared to control (2801 kg ha-1). Regarding the growing seasons, highest grain yield was obtained in winter (4393 kg ha-1) followed by spring (3791 kg ha-1) and summer (2468 kg ha-1) season, respectively. Results of these studies revealed that four splits of N viz. application of 30 kg N each at 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing respectively, would be more economical to minimize N losses from the soil and efficient use of N at critical growth and development stages of maize.

Effect of split application of nitrogen fertilizer on yield traits and yield of high yielding aromatic rice varieties in Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during Aman season in 2013 to evaluate the effect of proper time of nitrogen application on yield and yield parameters of high yielding rice varieties. Two transplanted aromatic aman rice varieties (BRRI dhan37 and BRRI dhan38) and four timing of nitrogen fertilizer application (N 1 = ½ during final land preparation + ½ at 30 DAT, N 2 = 1 / 3 at 15 DAT + 1 / 3 at 30 DAT + 1 / 3 at 45 DAT, N 3 = 1 / 4 at 15 DAT + ½ at 30 DAT + 1 / 4 at 45 DAT and N 4 = 2 / 3 at 15 DAT + 1 / 3 at 45 DAT) were used in this experiment. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications as factorial arrangement. All agronomic practices were applied as recommended for each cultivar. Yield and yield traits (plant height, total tillers, effective panicle, panicle length, grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index) was measured. Results showed that the effect of nitrogen split application on plant height, total tillers, effective panicle, panicle length, grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and straw yield was significant. The results revealed that three equal splits of nitrogen (N 2 ) application ( 1 / 3 at 15 DAT + 1 / 3 at 30 DAT + 1 / 3 at 45 DAT) produced the highest grain yield (3.29 t ha -1 ) which was statistical differed from all N splits application treatments and the lowest grain yield (2.41 tha -1 ) was obtained from N 1 treatment which was statistically similar to N 4 treatment. The variety effect was significant on all traits except plant height, number of grains panicle -1 , number sterile spikelets panicle -1 and stubble yield. The variety BRRI dhan38 produced more grain yield than BRRI dhan37. The effect of nitrogen split application and variety (N×V) on total traits was significant and N 2 ×V 2 combination produced the highest grain yield among all the combinations.

The fate of 15N-labelled urea in an alkaline calcareous soil under different N application rates and N splits

We aimed to quantitatively investigate the effects of rate and timing of nitrogen (N) application on fate of 15N-labelled urea in an alkaline calcareous soil during a winter wheat (WW) and summer maize (SM) seasons. The treatments consisted of conventional N application (i.e., WN300-2T or MN240-2T, 300 or 240 kg N ha−1 with two N splits to WW or SM), reduced N application (i.e., WN210-2T or MN168-2T, 210 or 168 kg N ha−1 with two N splits to WW or SM), recommended N application (i.e., WN210-3T or MN168-3T, 210 or 168 kg N ha−1 with three N splits to WW or SM), and control (N0). The result showed that the fate of 15N fertilizer was significantly influenced by rate and timing of the applied N. Compared with the conventional N treatment, crop 15N recovery in the recommended N treatment increased significantly by 16.7 % for WW and 17.2 % for SM, but total 15N losses reduced significantly by 12.3 and 13.5 %, respectively. Residual 15N in 100–200 cm soil layer was the lowest in recommended N treatment, preventing leaching of much 15NO3 −–N to deeper soil layers. Our results indicated that the recommended N treatment at rate of 210 or 168 kg N ha−1 with three N splits to WW or SM would maintain crop yields but significantly increase N recovery efficiency and reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by N losses.

Sources, Rates and Time of Nitrogen Application on Maize Crops under No-Tillage System

ABSTRACTQuantitatively, nitrogen (N) is the foremost nutrient for maize crops (Zea mays L.), but the N source to increase the grain productivity still needs more investigation. Thus, the aim of this experiment was to study sources, rates and time of N application on the crop yield and agronomic characteristics of the maize under no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out during two growing seasons on an Oxisol under the factorial 5 × 3 × 3 scheme with five N rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1) and three sources (ammonium-sulfate-nitrate as inhibitor of the nitrification (ASN+I), ammonium sulfate (AS) and urea); we applied them two times with four replicates: first time at the sowing or later under side dressing when the plants had the six leaves stage. In the first year, the sources of N had no influence on the number of grain line /ear (NGLE), grain number/line (GNL), total number of grain/ear (TNFE), biomass of 100 grain, plant height (PH), height of the first ear insertion (AFEI) and stalk diameter, in contrast with the foliar N content and the crop yield. Early fertilization with N at the sowing time can afford applications as well as the total side dressing. The increase of the rates had positive influence on the N foliar content, plant height and 100 grains biomass. The highest productivities were found with rates above the threshold of 150 kg ha−1, no matter the sources and the fertilization time.

Development of super early genotypes for the dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as affected by nitrogen management

The super early genotypes (SEG) of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have a shorter life cycle (65-75 days) when compared with the season length of traditional cultivars (90-100 days). Timing of nitrogen top-dressing fertilization could be different because of this reduction in length of the SEG life cycle. This study aimed at characterizing, by using growth analysis and vegetation index, super early genotypes of dry bean development as affected by timing of nitrogen application. Field experiments were conducted in the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons in central Brazil with a randomized block experimental design with split plots scheme and four replicates. The plots comprised the dry bean genotypes (Colibri ? check cultivar, CNFC 15873, CNFC 15874, and CNFC 15875), and subplots comprised applications of N at different timings: 90 kg of N at sowing, 90 kg N at top-dressing; 45 kg of N at sowing plus 45 kg at top-dressing, with urea as the source of N. We also used a control treatment without N application. The CNFC 15874 super early genotype of dry bean had the higher grain yield (2776 kg ha-1) and differed from the CNFC 15873 genotype (2492 kg ha-1). Nitrogen fertilization allowed higher grain yield (2619 kg ha-1, when applied N at sowing, 2605 kg ha-1, when applied N at sowing and at top-dressing, and 2680 kg ha-1, when applied N at top-dressing) than the control, 2360 kg ha-1 (no N fertilization). The time of N fertilization in super early genotype of dry bean did not affect grain yield.

Optimizing supply and timing of nitrogen application for subirrigated potted chrysanthemums

Two disbudded, potted chrysanthemum cultivars were subirrigated with 9.25, 12.3, and 18.5 mM N during vegetative, but not reproductive growth. At commercial harvest, visible symptoms of N deficiency or differences in plant/inflorescence quality were minimal, whereas N uptake efficiency was dramatically improved at 9.25 and 12.3 mM N.

Integrated Application of Mineral Nitrogen and Cattle Manure to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Maize

Field experiments were conducted at the Plantation Crops Section of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana in 2014 major and minor seasons to study the effect of combining mineral nitrogen at different application times with cattle manure on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of maize. The experiments were factorial in randomized complete block design with four replications. The factors were cattle manure at the rates of 0, 2, 4 and 6 tons/ha; and nitrogen application times as follows: 50% N at 2 weeks after planting and 50% at 4 WAP (NT1), 50% N at 2 WAP and 50% at 6 WAP (NT2), 50% N at 2 WAP and 50% at 8 WAP (NT3) and a control (0 kg N/ha). Results showed that NT2 application increased the nitrogen use efficiency in major and minor seasons more than other application times. The nitrogen use efficiency increased with increase in manure rate, but at a diminishing return. Grain yield was also higher at NT2 and also increased with increase in manure rate. Application of mineral nitrogen at NT2 along with 6 tons/ha cattle manure rate was, therefore, considered best combination for increasing yield of maize in the country.

Seedling age and nitrogen application affect on dry matter accumulation, partitioning and nutrient status of rice under temperate conditions

Rice is the most important crop at the global level, as it used as a staple food in most of the countries of the world. Transplanting aged seedlings of paddy has a detrimental effect on the crop performance, which needs to be overcome for sustaining the productivity. Leaf colour chart based nitrogen application is an efficient and economical tool for enhancing the rice productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. With this in mind, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011, at the Research Farm of SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar (Kashmir) to optimize the seedling age of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under late transplanting conditions and to assess the suitability of using leaf colour chart as a nitrogen management tool to improve the performance of rice. The experiment was established in Randomized Block Design, with three replicates, 3 seedling ages and 6 nitrogen application treatments. The analyses of data revealed that 35 days old seedling recorded significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and dry matter partitioning to panicle (8.2 t ha-1) and leaf (2.4 t ha-1); grain yield (7.4 t ha-1); N, P and K uptake (11.6, 3.1 and 11.3 kg ha-1, respectively) (p<0.05). Among nitrogen application treatments significantly higher dry matter accumulation; yield (8.6 t ha-1) and N, P and K uptake (14.1, 3.6 and 12.7 kgha-1, respectively) was found in ½ N as basal and remaining at LCC <4 @20 kg ha-1 (p<0.05). Age of seedling and time of nitrogen application did not affect N, P, K and protein content of grain and straw significantly (p>0.05). It is concluded that the yield of rice can be improved by transplanting 35-days old seedling under late transplanted conditions in temperate regions and by following LCC guided nitrogen management.

Response of Egyptian Hybrid Rice One Cultivar to Times of Nitrogen Application and Foliar Spraying of Ascobien Compound

Response of Egyptian Hybrid Rice One Cultivar to Times of Nitrogen Application and Foliar Spraying of Ascobien Compound

Momento de aplicação do nitrogênio e algumas variáveis estruturais e bromatológicas do capim-massai

RESUMO As plantas forrageiras tropicais apresentam alto potencial de produção de massa de forragem, condicionada às condições edafoclimáticas, principalmente à adubação nitrogenada. A magnitude da resposta depende do sincronismo entre a disponibilidade de nutrientes e as necessidades da planta forrageira na rebrotação, e os resultados encontrados na literatura são contrastantes. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar características estruturais e bromatológicas de Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Massai submetido a quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120mg/dm3) e três momentos de aplicação após o corte (um, três e sete dias), divididos em três cortes, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 3 e delineado inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. O incremento na taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos, na densidade populacional de perfilhos, na produção de massa seca de folha total e nos teores de proteína bruta foi de 42%, 65%, 770% e 35%, respectivamente, para a dose de 120mg/dm³ em relação à ausência de adubação nitrogenada. As fibras em detergente neutro e em detergente ácido decresceram cerca de 6% e 9%, respectivamente, com a adição de nitrogênio. Apenas a massa seca de folha total respondeu às épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio após o corte, com valores pouco expressivos. A adubação nitrogenada exerce efeito positivo sobre as variáveis estudadas, porém novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para a definição da época de adubação de nitrogênio após o corte, para a melhor utilização do nutriente pelas plantas.

Effect of increasing spring doses of nitrogen on yield and oil content in seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Effect of increasing spring doses of nitrogen on yield and oil content in seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Effects of time and rate of nitrogen application on phenology and some agronomical traits of maize (Zea mays L.)

Maintaining soil fertility and the use of plant nutrient in sufficient and balanced amounts is one of the key factors in increasing crop yield and decreasing adverse environmental effects and pollutions arising from nonpoint fertilizer usage. The effects of time and rate of nitrogen application on phenology and some agronomical traits of corn (Zea mays L.) were investigated at the research farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The trial was laid out in a split plot design based on a randomized complete block scheme with three replications. Experimental factors were nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg ha–1) in the main plots and three levels of nitrogen application time [(1/3 at sowing + 1/3 at V8–10 + 1/3 at tasseling), (1/2 at sowing + 1/2 at tasseling), and (1/2 at sowing + 1/4 at V8–10 + 1/4 at tasseling) as T1, T2, and T3, respectively] as subplots. The results showed that the maximum values of grain yield and its components, days to 50% tasseling (63.85 days), days to 50% silking (68.2 days), days to physiological maturity (128.9 days) were observed in the plots treated with 225 kg N ha–1 as T1. The maximum nitrogen use efficiency (38.16 kg kg–1) was obtained at application of 75 kg N ha–1 as T1, and the minimum values of this index (19.41 kg kg–1) were obtained in the plots that received 225 kg N ha–1 as T2. Based on the results, it was concluded that application of the highest N fertilizer rate (225 kg ha–1) in three equal splits can be recommended for profitable corn production.

Influence of Nitrogen Source and Application Timing on Large Patch of Zoysiagrass

Large patch of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG2‐2 LP, is a troublesome disease on golf course fairways in the upper transition zone of the United States. Turfgrass managers incur significant fungicide costs to control the disease over large acreages, and integrating cultural practices into an overall scheme of disease management may result in reduced inputs. Our objective was to assess the impact of applying different nitrogen sources at defined soil temperature thresholds during the fall and spring infection periods on large patch severity in field experiments conducted in Kansas and Missouri. From 2013 to 2015, ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], and urea were applied at 0.75 lb nitrogen (N)/1000 ft2 when 5‐day 2‐inch soil temperatures reached 60 or 70°F in the spring or declined to 70°F in the fall. Summer applications of urea at 0.5 lb N/1000 ft2 were utilized as a standard for comparison, with all treatments receiving a total of 1.5 lb N/1000 ft2 per year. In spring 2014, when large patch severity was greatest, percent green cover was higher in ammonium sulfate treatments compared with urea and the standard summer program in Missouri, and higher in ammonium sulfate–treated plots compared with calcium nitrate– and urea‐treated plots in Kansas. Although the effect was not consistent among sites, spring nitrogen applications made during the large patch infection period did not result in higher large patch severity than the standard summer fertilization schedule.

Effect of Number of Seedlings Hill-1 and Rate and Time of Nitrogen Application on the Yield of Late Transplant Aman Rice (cv. Br23)

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to examine the effect of number of seedlings hill‑1 and rate and time of nitrogen application on the yield of late transplant Aman rice (cv. BR23). The experiment comprised three levels of number of seedlings hill-1 viz. 2, 4, and 6, three nitrogen rates viz. 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 and three levels of time of nitrogen application viz. nitrogen application in two equal splits at 15 DAT and early tillering stage (ET); nitrogen application in three equal splits at 15 DAT, ET and panicle initiation (PI) stage; nitrogen application in four equal splits at 15 DAT, ET, PI and flowering (F) stages. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Number of effective tillers hill‑1, grain yield and straw yield were the highest when 6 seedlings were transplanted hill‑1 while all yield contributing characters, grain and straw yields were the highest at 120 kg N ha-1. In case of interaction, the highest grain yield was recorded in combination of 6 seedlings hill-1 × 120 kg N ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 × three times of nitrogen applications (15 DAT + ET + PI). The highest number of effective tillers hill-1 and grain yield were recorded in 6 seedlings hill-1 × 120 kg N ha-1 × three times N application (15 DAT + ET + PI) and thus this practice appears as the promising one for late transplant Aman rice ( cv. BR23) cultivation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 692-698