Nitriles In Water Research Articles

Isolation and crystallographic characterization of a solid precipitate/intermediate in the preparation of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles from nitrile in water.

The reactions of 2-, 3-, and 4-cyanopyridine with NaN(3) in the presence of H(2)O and Lewis acid (ZnCl(2)) afford discrete monomer, (2-PTZ)(2)Zn(H(2)O)(2) (1), 3D diamondoid-like network (3-PTZ)(2)Zn (2), and 2D layered network (4-PTZ)Zn(OH)(H(2)O) (3), respectively (PTZ = 5-(pyridyl)tetrazolato). Their solid state structures and natures give new insight into the Sharpless reaction of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole. Interestingly, 2 crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric space group and its powdered sample is second-harmonic generation active.

ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles from Nitriles in Water.

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An Unexpected Zinc Coordination Polymer formed during the Preparation of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles from a Nitrile in Water

The reaction of N,N�-dicyanohydrazine with ZnCl2 and NaN3 in water unexpectedly affords 5-aminotetrazolato hydroxo zinc rather than a zinc complex with bis(tetrazolyl)hydrazine. An N–N bond cleavage has occurred in the Demko–Sharpless' tetrazole synthesis.

Preparation of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles from nitriles in water.

The addition of sodium azide to nitriles to give 1H-tetrazoles is shown to proceed readily in water with zinc salts as catalysts. The scope of the reaction is quite broad; a variety of aromatic nitriles, activated and unactivated alkyl nitriles, substituted vinyl nitriles, thiocyanates, and cyanamides have all been shown to be viable substrates for this reaction.

Rapid micromethod for simultaneous measurement of oxcarbazepine and its active metabolite in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of oxcarbazepine (OXC) and its active metabolite (10-hydroxycarbazepine) in human and rat plasma by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The method involves a simple one-step extraction of the drugs from plasma with dichloromethane. The extract was evaporated and the residue was reconstituted with mobile phase and injected onto a Novapak C18 column. The eluting solvent was 20% acetonitrile in water at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and the detector was monitored at 215 nm. The detection limit of OXC and 10-hydroxycarbazepine was 50 and 20 ng/ml, respectively. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation for OXC and its active metabolite were 2.57-6.95% and 4.21-8.3%, respectively. The relative and absolute recoveries varied between 71.4% and 104.0%. The applicability of the analytical procedure to pharmacokinetic studies was illustrated.

Mutual Solubility of Water and Nitriles

Mutual solubilities of 21 nitriles in water have been measured from 0 to 90 o C. All nitriles except malononitrile exhibited partial miscibility over this temperature range. Aromatic nitriles have higher solubilities than aliphatic nitriles, and an unsaturated nitrile (acrylonitrile) shows higher solubility than a saturated nitrile (propionitrile). In general, mutual solubilities decrease with an increase in the molar mass of the nitrile

Determination of aldicarb, aldicarb oxime, and aldicarb nitrile in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Limites de detection: 0,3-1,2 et 0,15 ng, respectivement pour l'aldicarb et ses deux produits de degradation oxime et nitrile

Cuprous hydrometallurgy: Part II. The electrowinning of copper from cuprous sulphate solutions containing organic nitriles

Copper can be won with low power consumption from an acidified cuprous sulphate solution containing organic nitriles in a one electron process to give smooth non-dendritic copper cathodes and cupric sulphate at the inert anode. A diaphragm is necessary if cupric sulphate is allowed to concentrate in the cell. In the presence of an organic nitrile in water, cuprous sulphate is stable and cupric sulphate oxidises copper to cuprous sulphate. A scheme for refining crude copper to cathode copper without casting anodes is proposed. Various inert anode materials are compared.