Nitric Oxide Levels In Patients Research Articles

Changes in serum levels of apelin and nitric oxide in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: association with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and severity of disease

BackgroundCOVID-19 is an infectious disease currently spreading worldwide. The COVID-19 virus requires angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, an enzyme that plays a vital role in regulating the apelinergic system for entry into target cells. The underlying diseases of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of apelin and nitric oxide in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 subjects with and without the mentioned risk factors.MethodsSerum samples were taken from 69 COVID-19 patients and 71-matched non-COVID-19 participants enrolled in the Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors cohort study. Study participants were divided into eight groups of control (healthy), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, COVID-19, COVID-19 + hypertension, COVID-19 + diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19 + obesity (n = 15–20 in each group). Serum apelin and nitrite were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric methods, respectively.ResultsHypertensive and obese patients had lower serum apelin compared to the control group. In addition, apelin content was lower in the COVID-19 and COVID-19 + diabetes mellitus groups compared to the non-COVID-19 counterpart groups. Serum apelin levels were positively associated with arterial O2sat. and negatively with the severity of lung involvement. Nitric oxide metabolites were significantly lower in the COVID-19, COVID-19 + diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19 + obesity groups.ConclusionsThe lower apelin and nitric oxide levels in patients with hypertension and obesity or their reduction due to infection with COVID-19 or concomitant COVID-19 + diabetes mellitus may make them vulnerable to experiencing severe diseases.

EFFECT OF CURCUMIN AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANING, AND ITS THERAPEUTIC EFFECT ON SALIVARY NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS – A CLINICO – BIOCHEMICAL STUDY

Context (Background): Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease with increase in salivary Nitric oxide levels and Curcumin is known to inhibit inflammatory mediators and neutralize nitric oxide which is expressed in salivary glands. To evaluate and compare the possible improvement in parameters of periodontal disease and salivaryAim: nitric oxide levels in patients undergoing scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and scaling and root planing (SRP) with systemic curcumin administration. In one group, systemic curcumin will be administered along withSettings & Design: SRP & in another group only SRP will be performed. In Group A, SRP along with systemicMethods & Materials: curcumin was administered, and in Group B only SRP was performed. In both the groups, periodontal parameters such as the plaque Index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BOP) and salivary nitric oxide (NO) levels by spectrophotometer were assessed at baseline and after three month. Chi-Square-test was used so as to evaluate and compare theStatistical Analysis used: possible improvement in parameters of periodontal disease and salivary nitric oxide levels in patients undergoing scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and scaling and root planing (SRP) with systemic curcumin administration. Results & Conclusions: Clinically significant results with improvement in clinical parameters and reduction in salivary NO levels were noticed in both the groups, although test group showed more reduction in the salivary NO levels when compared to the control group thus concluding that administration of systemic curcumin is effective against salivary NO levels and can be used as an adjunct to SRP.

Effect of nitrate administration on plasma nitric oxide levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a disease involving reduction of blood flow to the inferior extremity associated with atherosclerotic lesions. In 2010, more than 200 million people with PAD were reported globally, including 54.8 million in Southeast Asia. The high prevalence of PAD causes its management become challenging for clinicians. Nitric oxide (NO) has a role in endothelial function that is associated with the appearance of symptoms in PAD patients. Exogenous nitrate is usually used as a primary vasodilator in the treatment of angina pectoris and Prinzmetal angina. However, information concerning the role of nitrate administration to improve symptomatic PAD patients is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exogenous nitrates in increasing plasma NO levels and improving PAD patients. A prospective pre-post clinical trial involving PAD patients who were registered in the vascular registry at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta was conducted. Primary endpoint was the change in plasma NO levels after short term administration of nitroglycerin oral 2.5 mg once daily (4 h) and long term (7 d). Analysis of variance test with Bonferroni posttest was used for statistical hypothesis testing. Among 33 subjects who completed this study, no negative side effects, and only one hypotensive patient was reported at the first follow-up after 4 h of the nitroglycerin administration. Plasma NO levels increased in the post 4 h and in the post 7 d administration. However, no statistically significant was observed (p > 0.05). Administration of exogenous nitrates in patients with PAD increases the plasma NO levels, even though it is not statistically significant.

Urinary adenosine triphosphate and nitric oxide levels in patients with underactive bladder: a preliminary study.

Various in vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has a stimulatory role and nitric oxide (NO) has an inhibitory role in modulating bladder contractility. However, it is not known what happens to the urinary levels of ATP and NO in humans with underactive bladder (UAB). In this prospective case-control study, we compared ATP and NO levels in twenty six male patients of UAB with a bladder contractility index (BCI) of < 100 and 18 healthy male volunteers without any lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The mean urinary ATP levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (546.1 ± 37.3pg/µl vs. 610.7 ± 24.9pg/µl, p value < 0.001) and the mean NO levels were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (1233.4 ± 91.2pg/µl vs. 1126.3 ± 91.3.4pg/µl, p value < 0.001). The mean NO/ATP ratio in cases was significantly higher than that of controls (2.26 ± 0.2 vs. 1.84 ± 0.18, p value < 0.000). Using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, we noted the area under the curve (AUC) for NO/ATP ratio to be 0.91 in the diagnosis of cases. A cut-off value of 2.06 for NO/ATP ratio had sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 88.5%, 88.9% and 88.6%, respectively, in diagnosing patients with UAB. Patients with UAB have significantly higher levels of urinary NO and decreased levels of urinary ATP. Urinary NO/ATP levels can be considered as a noninvasive alternate test for diagnosing bladder underactivity.

Determination of irisin and nitric oxide levels in patients with metabolic impairments in intensive care unit

Objective: The newly discovered myokine irisin has been proposed to affect physical activity. However, clinical and functional studies on the association of irisin with muscle mass, and metabolic status remain controversial. The nitric oxide is a molecule produced by the endothelium and in a variety of additional cells, including skeletal muscle. The aim of the study was to determine irisin and nitric oxide (NO) levels in physically inactive patients with severe acute metabolic disorders in intensive care unit. Material and Method: Total of 80 subjects were divided into 3 groups: healthy control (n=20), cerebrovascular disease (including hemi and paraplegic patients) (n=40), pulmonary disease (PD) (n=20). Plasma irisin levels were analyzed using a commercial ELISA kits. The total serum nitrate and nitrite was measured using a Nitrate/Nitrite Colorimetric Assay Kit. Results: We have found significantly higher irisin levels (322.8±20.4 ng/ml) in patients with cerebrovascular disease (p=0.0001) and (302.6±40.2 ng/ml) in patients with PD (p=0.01) compared to (171.4±10.5 ng/ml) control subjects. In addition, higher NO levels were observed (42.42±1.9 μM) in patients with cerebrovascular disease (p&lt;0.001) and (44.36±2.7 μM) in patients with PD (p&lt;0.001), compared to (27.65±0.7 μM) control subjects. Discussion: Observation of higher levels of irisin and NO in critically ill intensive care unit patients may indicate the protective roles of these agents against serious metabolic impairments.

Effect of Physical Training on Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: An Integrative Review

The regular practice of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) has been encouraged due to causing a series of physiological responses in the cardiovascular system, such as the production of vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide (NO). NO is a relaxation factor released by the endothelium, and the decrease in its bioavailability is related to coronary and arterial diseases, such as AH. This study aimed to perform an integrative literature review to elucidate the effect of [...]

Serum nitric oxide levels are depleted in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy.

Background:Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous substance which has several endocrine functions and may act as neurotransmitter in the brain. High levels of NO may provoke nitrosative stress.Aim:It was aimed to examine serum levels of NO in patients with depressive episodes who were treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in this study.Methods:The design was a case–control, follow-up study. Patients with depressive episodes (n = 23) and a healthy control group (n = 21) were enrolled. Three serum samples were obtained from the patient group (before ECT, after first and seventh sessions). NO, nitrite, and nitrate levels were examined.Statistical Analysis:Differences between groups were examined with t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. Longitudinal data were evaluated with Panel Regression Analysis and Kruskal–Wallis Test.Results:Serum levels of NO and nitrite decreased significantly after the seventh session of ECT administration compared to the baseline and first session. Nitrate levels did not differ between the assessments.Conclusions:Reduction of the serum NO and nitrite levels might be a contributing factor for hypertension during the sessions. These findings are reflect the circulating NO levels. Further studies may dissect NO physiology in the brain in mental disorders and potential external effects.

Evaluation of sympathetic adrenergic branch of cutaneous neural control throughout thermography and its relationship to nitric oxide levels in patients with fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is defined as a complex disease, characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and other symptoms. The factors underlying physiopathology of fibromyalgia are not well understood, complicating its diagnosis and management. To evaluate the peripheral vascular blood flow of the skin of the hands and the core body temperature as indirect measures of sympathetic adrenergic activity of the nervous system and its relationship to nitric oxide levels (NO) in women with fibromyalgia compared with healthy controls. Forty-two women with fibromyalgia and 52 healthy women were enrolled in this observational pilot study. We used infrared thermography of the hands and an infrared dermal thermometer to evaluate the peripheral vascular blood flow and tympanic and axillary core body temperature, respectively. We measured NO levels using the ozone chemiluminescence-based method. Two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that the tympanic (P=0.002) and hand temperatures were significantly higher in the patients with fibromyalgia than in the controls (P≤0.001). Significant associations were also found between serum NO levels and minimum temperatures at the dorsal center of the dominant hand (β=-3.501; 95% confidence interval [CI] -6.805, ‑0.198; P= 0.038), maximum temperature (β=-5.594; 95% CI ‑10.106, ‑1.081; P=0.016), minimum temperature (β=-4.090; 95% CI ‑7.905, ‑0.275; P=0.036), and mean temperature (β=-5.519; 95% CI ‑9.933, ‑1.106; P=0.015) of the center of the palm of the non-dominant hand, maximum temperature at the thenar eminence of the dominant hand (β=-5.800; 95% CI ‑10.508, ‑1.092; P=0.017), and tympanic temperature (β=-9.321; 95% CI ‑17.974, ‑0.669; P=0.035) in the controls. Our findings indicate that the women with fibromyalgia showed higher tympanic core body and hand temperature than the healthy controls. Moreover, there were negative associations between hand peripheral vasodilation and NO in the healthy women but not in those with fibromyalgia, suggesting a dysfunction of sympathetic cutaneous neural control.

Periodic Assessment of Antenatal and Post Natal Serum Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Nitric Oxide (NO) Levels in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP)

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular (CVS) disease with endothelial dysfunction postulated to be the pathophysiology. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been identified as a pivotal mediator in HDP. Disturbances in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability found in endothelial dysfunction may increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. The study aims to determine serial ET-1 and NO levels in patients with HDP and its role in persistent endothelial dysfunction. Thirty-six pregnant women from the following categories (i) normal pregnant women (Control) (ii) chronic hypertension during pregnancy (CH) and (iii) pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) participated in this study. Blood pressure indices measurements and sample collection were done at antepartum (32 weeks) and postpartum (8 weeks and 12 weeks). ET-1 and serum NO were measured using the Human ET-1 (Endothelin-1) ELISA Kit and Nitric Oxide (total) detection kit respectively. Results: Serum ET-1 was significantly higher in patients with CH (55.3 pg/ml) and PIH (35.6 pg/ml) compared to Control (11.8 pg/ml) during antenatal until 3 months postpartum (CH 38.3 pg/ml, PIH 29.5 pg/ml, Control 1.9 pg/ml). This was accompanied by significantly lower levels of serum NO in HDP patients. Persistently higher than normal levels of ET-1 and lower than normal levels of NO up to 3 months postpartum in patients with history of HDP indicate presence of persistent endothelial dysfunction despite BP normalisation in PIH patients. Long term NO/ET-1 imbalance may account for the increased CVS disease risk.

Correlation of Hepatic Artery Resistive Index with Portal Pressure and Serum Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients with Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction.

Aim:The aim was to study the correlation of hepatic artery resistive index (HARI) with the portal pressure (PP) and its surrogate marker serum nitric oxide (NO) levels and to determine the validity of HARI as noninvasive indirect marker of PP in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) pre- and postoperatively.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 19 patients with EHPVO undergoing proximal lienorenal (LR) shunt or devascularization from February 2016 to January 2018. HARI, calculated from Doppler sonography, and NO were measured preoperatively and 14, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Intraoperatively, PP was measured before splenectomy, and both PP and NO were measured postshunt.Results:Mean age was 10.58 ± 2.85 years, and male:female ratio was 15:4. LR shunt was done in 16 while three patients required devascularization. There was a significant fall in the HARI (0.06 ± 0.02, P = 0.02), NO (14.31 ± 2.66 μmol/l, P < 0.001), and PP (11.81 ± 1.03 mmHg, P < 0.001) following shunt surgery. However, fall in HARI did not correlate with fall in PP. Preoperative HARI also did not correlate with preshunt/devascularization PP nor with preoperative NO. Postoperatively, HARI did not correlate with NO at 14-, 30-, and 90-day follow-up.Conclusion:HARI bears no correlation with PP or NO. Hence, it cannot be used as an indirect marker of PP.

Comparison of nitric oxide levels in patients undergoing surgery in absence and deliverance of blood transfusion in association with hemoglobin

Blood transfusion has an important role in patients undergoing surgery. However, besides providing sufficient amounts of oxygen, blood transfusion should protect the safety of blood recipients too. Hemoglobin (Hb) is the most abundant intra-erythrocytic protein and reacts rapidly with nitic oxide (NO), the endothelium-derived relaxing factor that maintains blood flow and oxygen transport to tissues. The interaction of NO and Hb have been found to have unavoidable consequences. Clinical factors play an important role in the decision of transfusion if otherwise avoidable. Keywords: Blood transfusion, Nitric oxide, Hemoglobin.

Higher Growth Hormone Levels are Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in Male Patients With Acromegaly

Objective: To investigate in vivo correlates of erectile dysfunction (ED) in male patients with acromegaly. Methods: Fifty-one male patients with acromegaly were assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 and Acromegaly Quality of Life (Acro-QoL) questionnaires. The measurement of serum nitric oxide (NO) were performed in patients and age-matched nonacromegalic controls. Results: Among 51 patients analyzed, 32 (62.7%) had ED. Patients with ED showed lower Acro-QoL scores regarding global (69.8 ± 17.7 versus 79.4 ± 11.2; P = .035) and personal relationship dimensions (59.6 ± 22.1 versus 76.8 ± 17.6; P = .012) than non-ED patients. ED patients were older (44.5 ± 11.2 years versus 33.2 ± 8.5 years; P = .04) and showed higher growth hormone (GH) levels (15.5 μg/L [interquartile range of 9.5 to 34.5 μg/L] versus 5.9 μg/L [interquartile range of 3.4 to 13.9 μg/L]; P = .001) compared to non-ED patients. The cutoff values for identifying ED were 7.9 μg/L for random GH and 5.3 μg/L for GH nadir after oral administration of 75 g of glucose. There was no significant difference in total testosterone levels between the two groups (6.36 ± 4.24 nmol/L versus 9.54 ± 5.50 nmol/L; P = .299). The NO levels in patients with acromegaly were significantly lower than those in nonacromegalic controls (8.77 ± 1.78 μmol/L versus 19.19 ± 5.02 μmol/L, respectively; P = .049). Furthermore, the NO levels were even lower in ED patients than those in non-ED patients (5.14 ± 0.98 μmol/L versus 12.09 ± 3.44 μmol/L; P = .027). Conclusion: Our study showed that ED is prevalent in male acromegalic patients and may be associated with systemic endothelial dysfunction induced by excessive GH. Further studies investigating the mechanism of GH and ED are required. Abbreviations: Acro-QoL = Acromegaly Quality of Life; ED = erectile dysfunction; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; GH = growth hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1; IIEF-5 = international index of erection function-5; LH = luteinizing hormone; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; NO = nitric oxide; OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test; QoL = quality of life; ROC = receiver operating characteristic.

Serum prolidase activity, total oxidant/antioxidant, and nitric oxide levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aims to assess the prolidase activity, nitric oxide levels, and oxidative status in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The study included 30 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (11 males, 19 females; mean age 61±3 years; range, 28 to 77 years) and 30 healthy controls (10 males, 20 females; mean age 58±5 years; range, 31 to 73 years). Serum prolidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and nitric oxide levels were measured. In addition, the oxidative stress index was calculated. Prominently elevated serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress index values, total oxidant status, and nitric oxide levels were detected in the patient group (p<0.05). Lower total antioxidant capacity levels were observed in the patient group (p<0.05). Increased oxidant status with increased nitric oxide levels and prolidase activity were found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Impairment of antioxidant mechanism with increased prolidase activity and nitric oxide levels may have a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITRIC OXIDE AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN THE ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL MEDAN

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia and other metabolic changes can cause Nitric Oxide (NO) production disturbance. This study investigated the difference in the levels of NO and its'relationship with HbA1c in controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in the Adam Malik Hospital. This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Ward of Internal Medicine Section of Endocrinology in the Adam Malik Hospital on June through October 2016, involving 70 patients type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) consisting of 35 controlled type 2 diabetes patients and 35 uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients that fulfill this study's criteria. Nitric Oxide examination conducted by using Chemwell analyzer with the principle of double-antibody sandwich using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). There was no significant relationship between HbA1c and Nitric Oxide in patients with controlled (r = 0.264) (p = 0.125) and uncontrolled (r = 0.194) (p = 0.265) type 2 diabetes mellitus. But there was a significant relationship between HbA1c and NO in patients with type 2 DM (r = 0,636) (p = 0.0001). In this study, there was no significant association between HbA1c and Nitric Oxide levels in patients with controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a statistically significant relationship between HbA1C and NO in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Reduced nasal nitric oxide levels in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis

BackgroundIn Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), it is difficult to estimate the refractoriness and recurrence risk for each patient. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is known as a biomarker of eosinophilic inflammation in lower airway. It has been reported that nasal NO has some crucial functions in the upper and lower airways. However, in upper airway, paranasal sinuses, the usefulness of NO measurement remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to identify the usefulness of nasal NO measurement in ECRS and the involvement of nasal NO in the pathogenesis of ECRS. MethodsWe compared the nasal NO levels of ECRS, non-ECRS, and normal control groups. Correlation between nasal NO levels and clinical findings were observed. Then, we compared nasal NO levels before and after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We also examine whether nasal NO levels might discriminate ECRS by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. ResultsNasal NO levels were significantly decreased in ECRS compared to the other two groups. Moreover, nasal NO levels in ECRS significantly and negatively correlated with eosinophil levels and CT score. However, they did not correlate with the nasal polyp score. Nasal NO levels were not upregulated soon after opening the sinus ostium by ESS. The ROC curves for nasal NO levels were used to discriminate all CRS patients and ECRS patients from normal controls. ConclusionsNasal NO may be useful as a marker of ECRS severity and low nasal NO levels in ECRS may contribute to its pathogenesis.

Effect of electroacupuncture ST 36 Zusanli on serum levels of nitric oxide in patients with dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a gastroduodenal syndrome that affects the physical and the emotional quality of life. The available pharmacological therapies vary in effectiveness. Acupuncture can address dyspepsia symptoms effectively. Electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at ST 36 Zusanli improves dyspepsia by modulation of nitric oxide (NO) in the gastric environment. This double-blind randomized controlled trial compared the effectiveness of EA treatment and manual acupuncture (MA) at ST 36 Zusanli to increase the serum levels of NO in patients with dyspepsia. Forty patients with dyspepsia were randomly allocated to EA or MA. The results showed there were significant differences in the mean serum levels of NO in the EA group compared to the MA group (p = 0.026). The results indicate that electroacupuncture at ST 36 Zusanli was more effective than MA in increasing the serum levels of NO in patients with dyspepsia (p < 0.05).

Correlation Between Onset of Diabetes Mellitus and Nitric Oxide Levels in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased risk of endothelial dysfunction if it lasts a long time without control. This study aims to connect the Onset of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with Nitric Oxide levels in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study used cross-sectional study method. The samples were 86 subjects, consisting of 38 subjects of Type 2 DM controlled and 48 subjects of Type 2 DM uncontrolled. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test showed no significant difference between the Onset of DM and Nitric Oxide levels in the categories of 4-6 years (19.4 ± 10.1), 7-9 years (17.3 ± 9.3) and 10-12 years (13.3 ± 8.5) (p=0.06). Furthermore, the Spearman correlation test revealed a negative correlation between the Onset of DM and Nitric Oxide level in patients with Type 2 DM with and without control (r =-0.217). The level of Nitric Oxide (NO) can consider as a predictor of long-term complication in patients with type 2 DM.

Comparison of Saliva Nitric Oxide between Chronic Kidney Disease Before and After Dialysis and with Control Group

Introduction:Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a chronic progressive disorder and a major cause of death and disability in all countries. In the kidneys, Nitric Oxide (NO) has involved in several important cellular processes including glomerular and modular hemodynamics set-out, tubular - glomerular feedback reaction, renin releasing and extracellular fluid volume but NO can act as an inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress factor in high levels.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary levels of NO in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis compared to the healthy subjects and evaluate the effect of dialysis on the level of NO in saliva.Materials & Methods:In this case-control study, 30 hemodialysis patients and 30 healthy controls that were matched for age and sex were selected. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all subjects. In the patient’s group, half an hour before starting dialysis first sampling and two hours after the completion of dialysis second sampling were collected. NO concentration in the samples was measured by using the Griess method. For data analysis, SPSS software version 16, Mann Whitney-U and Wilcoxon test were used. The level of significance was considered 0.05.Results:Mann-Whitney U test showed that the average concentration of salivary NO in patients with CKD (pre-dialysis and after dialysis) was higher than in the control group. The average concentration of salivary NO in patients with CKD was reduced after hemodialysis.Conclusion:Hemodialysis reduces salivary NO levels in CKD patients. It seems that hemodialysis has a role in decreasing the concentration of this inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress.

Eosinophilic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and reduced nasal nitric oxide levels in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Eosinophilic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and reduced nasal nitric oxide levels in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Relationship between Bronchodilator Response, Airway Hyperresponsiveness, and Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients with Suspected Bronchial Asthma

목적: 호기산화질소(FeNO)는 천식에서 기도 염증의 비침습적 지표로서 활용되어 왔다. 또한, 호기산화질소(FeNO) 측정은 천식 평가에 유용한 도구로 인식되고 되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 천식 의심 환자에서 기관지확장제 반응(BDR) 및 만니톨 기도 과민성(AHR) 여부에 따른 FeNO의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: FeNO를 측정한 기관지 천식 의심 환자들(≥ 13세)중 BDR 및 AHR 검사를 시행한 대상자들 두 군으로 구분하였고 각 군에서의 나이, 폐활량, 호산구, 혈청 총 IgE, 아토피 상태 등을 수집하였다. 또한, 각 FEV1 및 FEF25-75%을 기준으로 하여 각 검사 결과에 따라 FeNO 값을 비교 및 상관분석을 시행하였고 검사 양성을 예측하기 위한 ROC 곡선을 구하였다. 결과: BDR 검사군 124명, 만니톨 AHR 검사군 145명으로 총 259명의 환자들을 분석하였고 양 군의 평균 나이는 각각 52.8세와 35.3세였다. 환자의 BDR 여부, AHR 여부, 아토피여부, 혈액 호산구 분율(4% 기준)과 총 IgE 값(300 IU/mL 기준)에 따른 FeNO 값은 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한, BDR 및 AHR 검사에서 FEV1의 기관지 확장제 사용 후 최종 증가 정도 및 PD15 값과 FeNO와의 상관관계가 FEF25-75%의 최종 증가 정도 및 PD15 값보다 더 높았다. BDR 및 AHR 양성을 예측하기 위한 위한 최적의 FeNO 결정값은 각각 38.5와 29.5ppb였다. 결론: 천식 의심 환자에 있어 FeNO는 BDR 및 AHR과 연관이 있었으며 양성 여부를 예측할 수 있는 보조적인 진단역할에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.