Nitrate-nitrogen Leaching Research Articles

A simple model for snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) development, growth and yield in response to nitrogen

Irrigated processing snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Wisconsin, mostly in the central sands region, ranks first in both yield and harvested hectarage in the U.S. However, little crop modelling effort has been made to simulate the nitrogen (N) effects on growth and yield of non-nodulating snap bean, which demands high N inputs and imposes risks on groundwater nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching in sandy soils. The objective of this study was to develop a simple model for non-nodulating snap bean development, growth and yield in response to N, following a phenomenological and physiological framework and applying the 4-N-pool approach to quantify the crop N demand. The two mechanisms under N limitation were tested and incorporated into the crop modelling, 1) reducing green leaf area while maintaining specific leaf N (SLN, gm−2), and (2) diluting the SLN which further reduces radiation use efficiency (RUE, MJm−2) while maintaining green leaf area. The 2015 dataset with six N treatments, five plant densities and two sowing dates was used to develop the model, and an independent dataset from four commercial fields across the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons were used to validate the model. The model was first tested with 2015 dataset by comparing predicted and measured leaf area index (LAI), yield (pod dry weight, gm−2), above ground biomass (AGB, gm−2) and cumulative crop N uptake (CNUP, gm−2), and high coefficients of determination (R2, 0.83–0.90) and low root-mean-square errors (RMSE, 7.6–8.6% of the whole range of the target crop attributes) were determined. The external validation was conducted with the 2013 and 2014 datasets by comparing the yield, AGB and CNUP, a good agreement was found, with standard deviation (SD) lower than 10% of the mean (range, 1.9–9.0%), except for yield in one field in 2013 (SD=19.4%). The results proved the robustness of the model to simulate snap bean growth and yield under various management strategies.

Impact of Groundwater Level on Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in the Vadose Zone Beneath a Cotton Field

In this study, the impacts of groundwater level on nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the vadose zone of a cotton field were investigated. Experiments were conducted in a cotton field at the CAS Ecological Agricultural Experiment Station in Nanpi from 2008 to 2010. A vertical observation well was drilled, and time-domain reflectometry probes and soil solution extractors were installed every 50 cm in the walls of the well to a depth of 5 m. The soil water content was monitored, and soil solution samples were obtained and analyzed every six days throughout the growing seasons during the three studied years. Additionally, a water consumption experiment was conducted, and the topsoil water content and leaf area index were measured in the cotton field. The resulting data were used to estimate parameters for use in a soil hydraulic and nitrate nitrogen movement model, and cotton evapotranspiration was calculated using the Penman–Monteith method. Groundwater level increases and decreases of ±4 m were simulated during a ten-year period using HYDRUS-1D. The results showed significant nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the vadose zone when the groundwater level remained unchanged or decreased, with increased accumulation as the groundwater depth increased. Additionally, increased precipitation and a deeper groundwater level resulted in greater nitrate nitrogen leaching in the cotton root zone. Therefore, irrigation and fertilization strategies should be adjusted based on precipitation conditions and groundwater depth.

Utilization of Nitrogen Fertilizer in the Early Growth Stage of Sugarcane and Leaching of Nitrate-Nitrogen:

Utilization of Nitrogen Fertilizer in the Early Growth Stage of Sugarcane and Leaching of Nitrate-Nitrogen:

Effects of Different N-Fertilizer Applications on Drainage Water Quantity and Nitrate-Nitrogen Leaching

Effects of Different N-Fertilizer Applications on Drainage Water Quantity and Nitrate-Nitrogen Leaching

Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation of leek Allium porrum L. on mineral nitrogen leaching

This study evaluated the influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation of leek (Allium porrum L.) on the leaching of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen from the experimental pots filled with either sterile or non-sterile soil mix, consisting equally of the arable soil and horticultural substrate. Leek plants were inoculated by Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Rhizophagus intraradices and by their combinations. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that: (a) the influence of AMF on nitrate leaching does not follow some simple rules, (b) the amounts of percolating nitrates can be affected also by sterilization and by the combination of AMF inocula, (c) AMF can, in general, reduce the nitrate leaching from soil even though mycorrhizal colonization of roots did not achieve extremely high rates. These conclusions may be useful in the horticultural practice and ecological sustainability of the soil quality.

Environmental benefits of reducing N rates for coffee in the Cerrado

An intensification of agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado during the last four decades has resulted in unintended consequences such as increased groundwater and surface water pollution due to excessive N fertilization. To address these problems within a coffee (Coffea arabica L.) orchard, the process-based ANIMO model was used to simulate nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching and plant nitrogen (N) uptake for several rates of N (200–800kgh−1y−1). Effects of splitting N applications from three times per year to every other day were also evaluated for a Typic Hapludox within the Cerrado. Statistical analysis of ANIMO outputs showed that simulated soil solution NO3-N concentrations were in agreement with experimental measurements collected for an entire year. Simulated annual N uptake was also in agreement with average measured N uptake by the coffee plants. An evaluation of the simulation scenarios showed that: i) the most efficient N recovery was associated with N rates between 200 and 400kgNha−1y−1 that were split into at least seven applications per year; ii) N recovery at rates between 200 and 300kgNha−1 y−1 were efficient with or without split application; and iii) the most environmentally friendly N management strategy was the application of between 200 and 300kgNha−1y−1 using at least seven splits. Reducing the N rate from 600 to 400kgNha−1y−1 increased plant N recovery efficiency by 8–12% and reduced NO3-N leaching by 28 to 47%. Predicted NO3-N leaching and N plant uptake results confirm that better N management strategies can be developed for coffee plantations and other crops grown in the Cerrado.

An Integrated Landscape Designed for Commodity and Bioenergy Crops for a Tile-Drained Agricultural Watershed.

Locating bioenergy crops on strategically selected subfield areas of marginal interest for commodity agriculture can increase environmental sustainability. Location and choice of bioenergy crops should improve environmental benefits with minimal disruption of current food production systems. We identified subfield soils of a tile-drained agricultural watershed as marginal if they had areas of low crop productivity index (CPI), were susceptible to nitrate-nitrogen (NO-N) leaching, or were susceptible to at least two other forms of environmental degradation (marginal areas). In the test watershed (Indian Creek watershed, IL) with annual precipitation of 852 mm, 3% of soils were CPI areas and 22% were marginal areas. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to forecast the impact of growing switchgrass ( L.), willow ( spp.), and big bluestem ( Vitman) in these subfield areas on annual grain yields, NO-N and sediment exports, and water yield. Simulated conversion of CPI areas from current land use to bioenergy crops had no significant ( 0.05) impact on grain production and reduced NO-N and sediment exports by 5.0 to 6.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Conversion of marginal areas from current land use to switchgrass forecasted the production of 34,000 t of biomass and reductions in NO-N (26.0%) and sediment (33.0%) exports. Alternatively, conversion of marginal areas from current land use to willow forecasted similar reductions as switchgrass for sediment but significantly ( 0.01) lower reductions in annual NO-N export (18.0 vs. 26.0%).

Effect of different fertilization managements on nitrate accumulation in a Mollisol of Northeast China

In a continuous spring maize system in Northeast China, the accumulation and succession characteristics of nitrate in Mollisol with four fertilization treatments, including no fertilization (CK), farmers’ conventional fertilization (FC), recommendation fertilization (RF), and controlled release fertilizer application (CRF), were compared over a 6-year field plot trial. On average, the RF and CRF treatments decreased nitrate nitrogen by 16.6 and 39.5 % in the 0–90 cm soil layer, respectively, and maintained a relatively high maize grain yield, as compared to the FC treatment. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen was more obvious in the CRF treatment compared with the other fertilizer treatments under the arid climate. However, the high precipitation resulted in the leaching of nitrate nitrogen into the deeper soil layer in all the fertilizer treatments. The maximum of nitrate nitrogen in the 0–90 cm soil layer was 81.4 kg N/ha at a nitrogen fertilizer rate of 250 kg N/ha in the long-term trial, which was within the rational and safe level for groundwater. The best fertilization strategy to decrease nitrate accumulation in soil should consider both soil characteristics and precipitation.

Nitrate nitrogen accumulation and leaching pattern at a winter wheat: summer maize cropping field in the North China Plain

Excess application of nitrogen has proved to be one of the detrimental impact factors on soil and groundwater quality in the North China Plain (NCP). A 4-year (from October 2008 to September 2012) field experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of N application rate on NO3–N dynamics in soils, its leaching pattern, and movement in deep soils under different nitrogen (N) application rates in a sprinkler irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)- summer maize (Zea mays L.) field in the NCP. The N application rates were 0, 110, 220, and 330 kg N ha−1 per wheat or maize planting season, referred to as CK, N1, N2, and N3 treatments, respectively. The results indicate that in winter wheat season, the applied water and fertilizer N mostly accumulated in the 0–60 cm soil layer and NO3–N leaching out of the root zone (0–100 cm) was negligible under the sprinkler irrigation scheduling, while water and NO3–N leached out of the root zone during summer maize season mainly due to high rainfall event. A relatively constant NO3–N concentration in soil profile was maintained and NO3–N leaching was negligible when N application rate was 110 kg N ha−1 per crop season. While about 70 % of the applied N accumulated in 0–500 cm soil layer and about 50 % of the applied N leached out of the root zone when N application rate lager than 110 kg N ha−1 per crop season, and the NO3–N downward movement was observed to the depth of 300 cm at the end of the 4-year experiment with an average migration rate of about 50 cm year−1. Considering the potential risk of groundwater pollution, an N application rate of 110 kg ha−1 per crop season was recommend for winter wheat and summer maize under the conditions of sprinkler irrigation in the NCP and those areas with similar conditions.

Variations Regularity of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen in Hebei Piedmont Plain

Field experiment was carried out to study on the spatial and temporal distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen at Ranzhuang water resources experiment station in Hebei piedmont plain from 2011 to 2012. The results show that nitrate nitrogen content varies in sinusoidal curve at shallow tilth soil and shows in “W” shape at deep soil profile during the wheat-maize rotation period. Nitrate nitrogen is mainly accumulated in 0~100cm soil and the maximum value occur at reviving stage in the wheat growth period. In the maize growth period, the distribution of nitrate nitrogen is double peak curve in 0∼500cm soil profile. The maximum peak emerges at 150∼260cm, the peak of soil nitrate content is between 36.7∼106.36mg/kg. In 0∼500cm soil layers, the cumulative amount of nitrate nitrogen is 1430.56∼5126.05 kg/hm2. The amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching is 1294.13kg/hm, which is 52.29% of the total amount of annual fertilization. It is scientific and technical groundwork to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and protect groundwater environment.

Impact of tillage practices on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat and soil nitrate-nitrogen leaching in drylands

Although the effects of tillage practices on soil properties and root growth is well studied, how they affect nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat in dryland regions is poorly understood. Here, the impact of different tillage practices, namely, strip rotary tillage (SR), strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS), rotary tillage (R), and rotary tillage after subsoiling (RS), on nitrogen accumulation and translocation, grain yield, and economic benefit in wheat and soil nitrate-nitrogen leaching in drylands was studied over three wheat growing seasons from 2009 to 2012. The results showed that compared with R, nitrogen accumulation amount under SRS increased by 36.8% from jointing to maturity in 2009–2011 and by 12.9 and 16.4% from sowing to maturity in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, respectively. Post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation, its contribution rate to grain and nitrogen accumulation in grains at maturity under SRS were 48.3, 31.3 and 12.7% higher, respectively, compared to that under R in 2009–2010. On the other hand, nitrate-nitrogen accumulation under SRS in 0–60cm soil layers was lower in comparison to that under SR and R, which suggested that SRS promoted absorption of nitrate-nitrogen in soil layers by wheat. However, no significant difference in nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in the 60–200cm soil layers was observed between SR and R. Average grain yield, nitrogen production efficiency and economic benefit were all the highest under SRS at 598.78gm−2, 39.9kgkg−1 and 8350.8 RMB¥ha−1, respectively, over the study period. Therefore, we propose that SRS is the optimal tillage practice for wheat production in this region.

宁夏引黄灌区秸秆还田对麦田土壤硝态氮淋失的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 宁夏引黄灌区秸秆还田对麦田土壤硝态氮淋失的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201402100231 作者: 作者单位: 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,西北农林科技大学林学院;西北农林科技大学林学院,中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 环保公益性行业科研专项经费(201009017) Effect of nitrate leaching of winter wheat field based on straw application in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia Author: Affiliation: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Synthesis Research Center of CERN,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以宁夏引黄灌区为例,探索秸秆还田条件下冬小麦土壤硝态氮淋失规律。试验设置常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥条件下施用4500kg/hm2(T1,半量还田)和9000 kg/hm2(T2,全量还田)秸秆3个处理。利用树脂芯法吸附10、20、30、60cm和90cm土层的硝态氮流失量。结果表明:硝态氮(纯N)淋失量6.26-12.85 kg/hm2,是冬小麦施用化肥氮量的2.78%-5.71%。与对照CK相比,T1和T2在10cm土层减少0.09%和3.97%;20cm土层减少8.51%和9.81%;30cm土层减少2.25%和10.34%;60cm土层减少23.85%和13.08%;90cm土层减少27.65%和20.73%。10cm和20cm土层,处理与对照以及处理之间均未到显著性差异(P < 0.05);30cm处理,T1与CK以及T1与T2未达到显著性差异,但T2与CK达到显著性差异表明全量还田效果最好;60cm土层,处理与对照、以及处理之间均达到显著性差异;90cm土层,处理与对照之间达到显著性差异,处理之间未达到显著性差异。硝态氮淋失主要发生在冬小麦返青至灌浆期间,占全生育期淋失量的52.95%-67.79%。T1、T2冬小麦产量增产率分别为10.11%与11.51%。可见,稻秆还田能够减少灌区土壤硝态氮淋失量。 Abstract:The Yellow River irrigation of Ningxia is an important irrigation area in North China, and is a region with severe nitrate leaching and water pollution. Water quality in many drainage ditches is classified as Inferior Category V, and the main pollutants are nitrate and ammonium. The concentration of ammonium is generally 20-30 mg/L and the maximum concentration can reach 70 mg/L; therefore, quality of downstream water can be markedly affected. The contribution of field total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are up to 61%-66% and 76%-81%, respectively. The concentration of nitrate is more than 10 mg/L in half of all shallow groundwater. The content of soil organic matter is low in this area, which ranges from 9.2 to 14.5 g/kg with an average level of 10.2 g/kg. This may cause nitrate to be easily lost from the soil. In order to control the leaching of soil nitrate nitrogen in the Yellow River irrigation area, we intended to restore soil organic matter through the straw-returning method. In a case study conducted in the Yellow River irrigation of the Ningxia area, the patterns of nitrate leaching were studied in soil using the rice straw-returning. The field experiment contained three treatments including tradition fertilization without rice straw (CK), tradition fertilization combined with rice straw of 4500 kg/hm2(T1, half straw application), and traditional fertilization combined with rice straw of 9000 kg/hm2(T2, total straw application). Nitrate nitrogen leaching loss in soil layers 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 cm deep was measured by the resin core method. We found that nitrate leaching losses with and without treatments ranged from 6.26 to 12.85 kg/hm2 (pure nitrogen), representing 2.78%-5.71% of fertilizer nitrogen. Compared to CK, the nitrate leaching loss at 10 cm depth in T1 and T2 had a 0.09% decrease and 3.97% decrease, respectively; at 20 cm depth, T1 and T2 decreased the loss by 8.51% and 9.81%; at 30 cm depth, the reduction of nitrate leaching loss reached to 2.25% (T1) and 10.34% (T2); at 60 cm depth. Such decreases were 23.85% (T1) and 13.08% (T2); at 90 cm depth, T1 and T2 further reduced 27.65% and 20.73% loss, respectively. T1, T2, and CK were not significantly different in nitrate leaching loss at 10 and 20 cm depth (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between T1 and CK or between T1 and T2. However, T2 led to significant improvement at 30 cm depth, indicating that total straw application was an effective way to prevent nitrate leaching loss in the irrigation area. Nitrate nitrogen leaching losses among T1, T2, and CK at 60 cm depth were significantly different. Both treatments showed significant alleviation for nitrate leaching loss compared with CK at 90 cm depth, although there was no significant difference between these two methods. The critical period of nitrate nitrogen leaching loss began from spring to the early filling stage, because nitrate nitrogen leaching loss during this time was 52.95%-67.79% of the total. The yield increase of winter wheat in T1 and T2 fields was 10.11% and 11.51%, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that the rice straw returning method is effective at reducing the nitrate nitrogen leaching loss at deep soil layers in the Yellow River irrigation of Ningxia area. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Numerical Simulation on Characteristics of Nitrate Nitrogen Leaching under Different Irrigation Levels

The characteristics of nitrate nitrogen leaching in soil under different irrigation levels were studied by soil column simulation experiment with numerical simulation done using LEACHM model taking nitrate nitrogen leaching under different irrigation levels as the research background. In sandy soils, an irrigation amount of 300 mm would cause nitrate nitrogen to leach downward 75~150 cm, with a leaching amount of 10~30.7 kg/ha; and an irrigation amount of 700 mm would make nitrate nitrogen leach downward about 3.5 m, with a leaching amount of 98 kg/ha. Research data showed that the amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching was positively correlated with the irrigation intensity level, irrigation level directly determined the amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching, and influenced its leaching depth.

宁夏引黄灌区猪粪还田对稻作土壤硝态氮淋失的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 宁夏引黄灌区猪粪还田对稻作土壤硝态氮淋失的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201212271888 作者: 作者单位: 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业清洁流域团队,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室,西北农林科技大学林学院，陕西杨凌 712100,中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业清洁流域团队,中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业清洁流域团队 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 环保公益性行业科研专项经费（201009017） Effect of nitrate nitrogen leaching of paddy field based on swing manure application in the Yellow River irrigation district of Ningxia Author: Affiliation: Agricultural Clear Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,,College of Agronomy, Northwest A &F University,Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China,Agricultural Clear Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS),Agricultural Clear Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以宁夏引黄灌区稻田为例，探索猪粪还田条件下稻田土壤硝态氮淋失规律。试验设置3个处理：常规施肥300 kg纯 N kg/hm2（CK）、常规施肥条件下施用4500kg/hm2（T1）和9000 kg/hm2（T2）猪粪。利用树脂芯法吸附稻田30cm、60cm和90cm土层的硝态氮流失量。结果表明：在常规施肥的基础上增施猪粪，可以减少稻田生育期内60cm与90cm处土壤硝态氮淋失量，与CK相比，T1、T2在两个土层处淋失量的减少比例分别为4.93%、13.92%与7.48%、13.77%。同一土层不同处理之间差异显著性比较看（P < 0.05），30cm 处T1、T2与CK相比没有达到显著性差异；60cm处，T1与CK未达到显著差异，T2与CK达到显著差异；90cm处，T1、T2与CK相比达到显著差异；60cm和90cm土层处的T2与T1之间均达到显著差异。T1和T2在30cm处的淋失量高于CK，但增加不明显，处理之间以及处理与对照相比差异不显著。稻田生育期内不同土层硝态氮淋失量在13.61-17.77 kg/hm2（纯N）。硝态氮淋失集中在插秧至分蘖期（5月中旬-6月下旬），该阶段的硝态氮淋失量占生育期内总淋失量的61.62%-72.84%；后期淋失量明显减少。处理T1、T2的水稻产量增产率分别为15.86%与12.85%。由此可见，在引黄灌区稻田，一定数量的猪粪还田，不仅能够减少土壤硝态氮向深层淋失，防控地下水污染，还有利于水稻增产。 Abstract:The Yellow River irrigation district of Ningxia is an important agricultural area in North China, where the nitrate leaching and water pollution have been an increasing problem in recent year. Water in a number of drainage ditches is of Inferior quality, in which the main pollutants are nitrate and ammonium nitrogen. The concentration of ammonium is usually 20-30mg/L and can be much higher up to 70 mg/L in extreme cases, so that downstream water quality is severely affected. The proportion of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen from field was up to 61%-66% and 76%-81%, respectively. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in about half of shallow groundwater was more than 10 mg/L. Content of soil organic matter, ranging from 9.2 to 14.5g/kg with the mean of 10.2 g/kg, was low; consequently it facilitates the loss of soil nutrient nitrate nitrogen. In this study, we investigated the effect of swine manure application in management of nitrate nitrogen leaching and improvement of soil organic matter in this area. The characters of nitrate nitrogen leaching in paddy fields in the Yellow River irrigation district of Ningxia were explored in the condition of swine manure application. The field experiment was conducted with 3 treatments: tradition fertilization without swine manure (CK), tradition fertilization with swine manure of 4500kg/hm2(T1)and tradition fertilization with swine manure of 9000 kg/hm2(T2). Nitrate nitrogen leaching rates were measured for 30, 60, 90 cm depth soil layer with a resin core absorption method. The results are shown as follows: (1) The treatments with swine manure application reduced the nitrate nitrogen leaching loss at 60 and 90 cm depth soil layers in the paddy field during rice growth period. The decreases were 4.93% (60 cm) and 13.92% (90 cm) for T1 vs. CK and 7.48% (60 cm) and 13.77% (90 cm) for T2 vs. CK. (2) In comparisons of the statistical significance of nitrogen leaching loss at the same soil layer between different treatments (P < 0.05), the variations among T1, T2 and CK were not significant at 30 cm depth. In the soil samples from 60 cm depth, T1 and CK were not significantly different, while T2 was significantly different from CK. Compared to CK, both T1 and T2 caused a significant reduction in nitrogen loss at 90 cm depth. Meanwhile, the difference between T1 and T2 were significant at 60 and 90 cm depth. Although the nitrate nitrogen leaching loss of T1 and T2 were higher than that of CK at 30 cm depth, the difference did not reach statistical significance among CK and T1 and T2. (3) The nitrate nitrogen leaching loss was 13.61-17.77 kg/hm2 (pure nitrogen) in different soil layers during rice growth period. The major loss accounting for 61.62%-72.84% of the whole growth period occurred during the time from rice transplantation to tillering, corresponding to the season from middle May to end of June, and the loss was obviously alleviated at the late stage of rice growth. (4) The rice yield in T1 and T2 was increased by 15.86% and 12.85%, respectively. Taken together, our study suggests that swine manure application is effective to prevent nitrate nitrogen leaching loss in the Yellow River irrigation district of Ningxia and beneficial to rice production as well. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

ANNUAL DRAINAGE VOLUMES AND NITRATE-NITROGEN LEACHING UNDER SILAGE MAIZE IN WET AND DRY YEAR

The quantity of nitrate in groundwater is affected by diffuse agricultural pollution and hence, it is strongly linked to the amount of applied nitrogen (in surplus) on agricultural land. In order to determine nitrate-nitrogen leaching in diverse precipitation conditions, lysimetric field experiment was set in 2011 in Varaždin County, Croatia. Leachate from three zero-tension pan lysimeters on agricultural plot (maize) was collected twice a month or after abundant rainfall. Research results show that 25% of total precipitation leached in 2012 and 13% in 2013. ANOVA results confirm there is a statistically significant difference in NO3-N concentrations between hydrological dry and wet years. In dry years NO3-N concentrations vary from 36 to 56 mg/l and in 2013 from 8 to 40 mg/l.

Conducting a Blue Dye Demonstration to Teach Irrigation and Nutrient Management Principles in a Residential Landscape

This publication discusses the “blue dye” test, which is one way that Extension professionals can show homeowners how water and nutrients move through the soil following irrigation. The information should be useful for county agents to demonstrate basic irrigation and nitrogen management practices and their effects on nitrate-nitrogen (N) leaching. This 4-page fact sheet was written by George Hochmuth, Laurie Trenholm, Esen Momol, Don Rainey, Claire Lewis, and Brian Niemann, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss594

Temporal Patterns and Source Apportionment of Nitrate-Nitrogen Leaching in a Paddy Field at Kelantan, Malaysia

Nitrate-nitrogen leaching from agricultural areas is a major cause for groundwater pollution. Polluted groundwater with high levels of nitrate is hazardous and cause adverse health effects. Human consumption of water with elevated levels of NO3-N has been linked to the infant disorder methemoglobinemia and also to non-Hodgkin's disease lymphoma in adults. This research aims to study the temporal patterns and source apportionment of nitrate-nitrogen leaching in a paddy soil at Ladang Merdeka Ismail Mulong in Kelantan, Malaysia. The complex data matrix (128 x 16) of nitrate-nitrogen parameters was subjected to multivariate analysis mainly Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA). PCA extracted four principal components from this data set which explained 86.4% of the total variance. The most important contributors were soil physical properties confirmed using Alyuda Forecaster software (R2 = 0.98). Discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the temporal variation in soil nitrate-nitrogen on leaching process. Discriminant analysis gave four parameters (hydraulic head, evapotranspiration, rainfall and temperature) contributing more than 98% correct assignments in temporal analysis. DA allowed reduction in dimensionality of the large data set which defines the four operating parameters most efficient and economical to be monitored for temporal variations. This knowledge is important so as to protect the precious groundwater from contamination with nitrate.

Solute transport in a hummocky landscape: II. Vertical and seasonal redistribution of bromide and 15N-labelled nitrate

Olatuyi, S. O., Akinremi, O. O. and Hao, X. 2012. Solute transport in a hummocky landscape: II. Vertical and seasonal redistribution of bromide and 15 N-labelled nitrate. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 631–643. Bromide (Br−) tracer is often used to estimate potential nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching in soil. An alternative is to use 15N-labelled fertilizer to provide a direct measure of NO3-N leaching losses. We employed a dual application of Br− and 15N to estimate NO3-N leaching in a hummocky landscape. The study was carried out near Brandon, Manitoba, in 2007 and 2008, using two separate plots (Site-2007 and Site-2008). The plots were delineated into three landscape positions as upper (UPP), middle (MID) and lower (LOW) slope. A microplot at each landscape received KBr at the rate of 200 kg Br− ha−1, and 15N-labelled KNO3 fertilizer at the rates of 0, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1. Site-2007 and Site-2008 were seeded to canola and winter wheat, respectively. Soil samples were taken in the fall and spring. The soil samples for the 90 and 135 kg N ha−1 fertilization treatments were analyzed for vertical distribution of Br−, 15N, and NO3-N. The smallest amounts of Br−, nitrogen derived from 15N-labelled fertilizer (NDFF), and NO3-N were measured in the soil profile (0 to 120 cm) at the LOW slope position for both N fertilizer rates. The greatest amounts were at the MID slope, indicating that the downward movement of solute followed the order of: LOW&gt;UPP&gt;MID (P&lt;0.05). Crop uptake of fertilizer N was 35 and 63% in canola and winter wheat, respectively, while Br− uptake was negligible. In the absence of crop uptake, Br− transport was similar to that of NDFF as 38% of each solute was lost between fall and spring in Site-2007 and 33% in Site-2008. Unlike Br− and NDFF, NO3-N distribution remained unchanged between fall and spring measurements, possibly due to its replenishment from native soil N sources. The dual tracer technique, as used in this study, showed the limitations of using soil profile NO3-N alone as an indicator of nitrate leaching and for making treatment comparisons.

Soil nitrate leaching and control methods in the piedmont of North China Plain

本文依托中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站小麦-玉米一年两熟长期定位试验, 应用土钻取土和土壤溶液取样器取水的方法, 研究了不同农田管理措施下土壤硝态氮的累积变化, 计算了不同氮肥处理通过根系吸收层的硝态氮淋失通量。结果表明, 小麦-玉米生长季土壤硝态氮累积量和淋失量随着施氮量的增加显著增加, 相同氮肥水平下增施磷、钾肥增加了作物的收获氮量, 施磷肥增加的作物收获氮量最高可达123kg·hm^-2·a^-1, 施钾肥增加的作物收获氮量最高为31 kg·hm^-2·a^-1。不同灌溉水平下0~400 cm 土体累积硝态氮随着灌溉量的增加而降低, 控制灌溉(小麦季不灌水, 玉米季灌溉1 水)、非充分灌溉(小麦季灌溉2~3 水, 玉米季按需灌溉)、充分灌溉(小麦季灌溉4~5 水, 玉米季按需灌溉)各处理剖面累积硝态氮量分别为1 698 kg·hm^-2、1148 kg·hm^-2 和961 kg·hm^-2。与非充分灌溉和充分灌溉处理相比, 控制灌溉在100~200 cm 土层硝态氮累积量显著高于其他层次, 2003~2005 年间控制灌溉剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的23%; 非充分灌溉处理剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的22%; 充分灌溉处理剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的47%。免耕措施降低了作物产量, 影响土壤水的运移, 增加了硝态氮的淋失风险。根据作物所需降低氮素投入(N 200 kg·hm^-2·a^-1), 增施磷、钾肥, 控制灌溉量是减少华北山前平原地区硝态氮淋失, 保护地下水的有效措施。

Effect of fertilization and irrigation on wheat-maize yield and soil nitrate nitrogen leaching in high agricultural yield region in North China Plain

在封丘农田生态系统国家试验站, 通过多组水肥组合试验, 研究了冬小麦-夏玉米轮作下, 水、肥对作物产量、硝态氮在土壤剖面中的分布特征及其淋失风险的影响。结果表明, 适宜灌溉情况下, 氮磷配施是提高作物产量的关键, 氮钾配施与磷钾配施增产效果不明显。统计结果表明, 各因素对小麦产量影响次序依次为氮肥≥磷肥＞灌溉＞钾肥, 对玉米产量的影响次序为氮肥＞磷肥＞钾肥＞灌溉, 只有氮磷对作物产量的影响达到统计学上的显著性差异。随着施氮量和灌溉量的增加, 硝态氮累积峰峰值增加, 峰厚度加厚, 出现位置加深, 且根区外硝态氮含量亦显著增加, 极大地提高了硝态氮的淋失风险。适宜氮肥用量与适宜灌溉是减轻硝态氮淋失风险的关键, 氮磷配施可有效降低深层土壤硝态氮累积。研究区域适宜氮肥用量为每年400 kg(N)·hm^-2,适宜磷肥用量为每年225 kg( P₂O₅)·hm^-2, 一般降雨年型全年灌溉量以280 mm 左右为宜。