Six wild populations of Nitraria retusa growing in Tunisia (Mehdia, Mtorech, Kataena, Matmata, Bechima, and Tataouine) were evaluated for their mineral contents, phytochemical composition, phenols content and antioxidants activity. The preliminary phytochemical composition revealed the presence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, sterols terpenes and free quinones. Analysis of mineral composition showed the poverty of N. retusa populations in K, Mg and Ca. The levels of polyphenols were important, they varied from 107.497 ± 7.97 to 186.64 ± 17.56 mg EAG/g DW among populations of Ketaena and Mtorech, respectively. The levels of flavonoids vary from 25.63±3.61 to 42.59±1.57 mg ER/g DW. Good antioxidant activities were revealed by the DPPH test. The population of Mahdia showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50=1.64±1.42 µg/ml). The principal components analysis performed on the different parameters for the 6 N. retusa populations analyzed revealed that population structure was clearly isolated and subdivided into four distinct groups not according to bioclimate. Key words: Antioxidants activities DPPH, Nitraria retusa, mineral content, phytochemical, composition, phenols, Tunisien.