Nissan Equation Research Articles

Densities and Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of Tri-n-butyl Phosphate + Cyclohexane, + n-Heptane at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K

Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of tri-n-butyl phosphate with cyclohexane and n-heptane have been measured over the entire range of compositions at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K and atmospheric pressure. The viscosity data have been represented by the Grunberg−Nissan equation.

Density and Viscosity of Acrylonitrile + Cinnamaldehyde, + Anisaldehyde, and + Benzaldehyde at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K

The excess molar volume VE and viscosity deviations Δη have been derived from density ρ and viscosity η measurements of the binary mixtures of acrylonitrile with cinnamaldehyde, anisaldehyde, and benzaldehyde measured at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. The data have been correlated with the Grunberg−Nissan equation. Moreover, deviations in isentropic compressibility ΔKS have been calculated from ultrasonic speed measurements of these binary mixtures at 298.15 K. These results were fitted to the Redlich−Kister polynomial equation.

Densities and Viscosities for Binary and Ternary Mixtures of 1, 4-Dioxane + 1-Hexanol + N,N-Dimethylaniline from T = (283.15 to 343.15) K

Viscosities and densities of the ternary solvent systems of 1,4-dioxane + 1-hexanol and N,N-dimethylaniline were measured at several temperatures between T = (283.15 and 343.15) K at atmospheric pressure over the whole composition range. The experimental results are used to calculate viscosity deviations, Δη, of the ternary system. The calculated binary data have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation to determine the appropriate coefficients. To determine the coefficients of ternary data, Cibulka, Singh, and Nagata equations were used. This work also provides a test of the Grunberg and Nissan equation for correlating the dynamic viscosities of binary and ternary mixtures with mole fractions.

Predicting the viscosity of biodiesel fuels based on the mixture topological index method

To predict the viscosity of any given biodiesel fuel (FAME mixture), a novel topological index based on the distance matrix and adjacent matrix of the molecular structure is proposed. The new topological index can reflect the information of the molecular structure for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), such as the size of molecular, unsaturated bond and branch degree. Combined with the modified Grunberg–Nissan or Hind equation, the topological index values of the FAME mixture were calculated. Then, relates the topological index values of the FAME mixtures with the viscosities of them, two linear regression equations were obtained. Using these regression equations, the viscosity of biodiesel fuels were predicted. The results show the modified Grunberg–Nissan equation with a higher precision of prediction than the Hind equation regression equation.

( p, ρ, T, x) and viscosity measurements of { x1n-heptane + (1 − x1) n-octane} mixtures at high temperatures and high pressures

Density and viscosity measurements are reported for { x 1 n-heptane + (1 − x 1) n-octane} mixtures at x 1 = (0.2808, 0.5427, 0.7906). The measurements of density and viscosity were made with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat and a capillary flow technique, respectively. Measurements were made at pressures up to 10 MPa. The range of temperature was (293 to 557) K for the density measurements and (298 to 473) K for the viscosity measurements. The total uncertainty of density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, and composition measurements was estimated to be less than 0.06%, 1.6%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.02%, respectively. The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration on density and viscosity of the binary { x 1 n-heptane + (1 − x 1) n-octane} mixtures was studied. The measured values of density and viscosity for the pure components and mixtures were compared with those generated by reference equations and prediction techniques for the mixtures. The excess molar volumes V m E and the viscosity deviations Δ η were derived using the measured values of density and viscosity for the mixtures and pure components. The viscosity data have been interpreted in terms of the Grunberg–Nissan equation for binary mixtures. The temperature dependence of the Grunberg–Nissan constant was studied using the present viscosity data. The molar excess Gibbs energy of activation for flow Δ E a was also calculated from our experimental viscosity data for the ( n-heptane + n-octane) mixtures.

Excess Molar Volumes, Viscosity Deviations and Isentropic Compressibility of Binary Mixtures Containing 1,3-Dioxolane and Monoalcohols at 303.15 K

The excess molar volume (VE), viscosity deviations (Δη) and Gibbs excess energy of activation for viscous flow (G∗E) have been investigated from density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements of eight binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxolane with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, and i-amyl alcohol over the entire range of mole fractions at 303.15 K. The viscosity data have been correlated with the Grunberg and Nissan equation. Furthermore, excess isentropic compressibilities (KSE) have been calculated from ultrasonic speed measurements of these binary mixtures at 303.15 K. The deviations have been fitted by a Redlich–Kister equation and the results are discussed in terms of molecular interactions and structural effects. The excess properties are found to be either negative or positive depending on the molecular interactions and the nature of the liquid mixtures. The systems studied exhibit very strong cross association through hydrogen bonding.

Densities and Viscosities of the Regular Quinary System: Toluene (1) + Octane (2) + Ethylbenzene (3) + Tetradecane (4) + Hexadecane (5) and Its Quaternary Subsystems at (308.15 and 313.15) K

The densities and kinematic viscosities of the quaternary subsystems of the regular quinary system toluene (1) + octane (2) + ethylbenzene (3) + tetradecane (4) + hexadecane (5) were measured over the entire composition range at 308.15 K and 313.15 K. The viscosity deviations from the mole fraction-averaged viscosity of the mixture were calculated from the absolute viscosity data. All of the viscosity deviations are negative. The viscosity data reported herein were used to test the predictive capabilities of the predictive version of the McAllister model, which was reported by Nhaesi and Asfour and the Grunberg−Nissan equation. The obtained results showed that the McAllister model predicts the viscosity data better than the Grunberg−Nissan equation.

Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of 2-Bromobutane and 2-Bromo-2-Methylpropane with Isomeric Butanols at 298.15 and 313.15 K

This paper reports viscosity data of the binary mixtures (2-bromobutane or 2-bromo-2-methylpropane) plus an isomer of butanol at temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15 K. Kinematic viscosities have been correlated with the equations of McAllister and Heric, and absolute viscosities with the Grunberg–Nissan equation. Viscosity deviations have been correlated by means of a Redlich–Kister type equation, and they give negative values over the complete composition range at both temperatures.

Viscosities for Binary Mixtures of 1-Bromobutane and 1,4-Dibromobutane with Isomeric Butanols at 298.15 and 313.15 K

This paper reports viscosities and viscosity deviations for binary mixtures of 1-bromobutane and 1,4-dibromobutane with an isomer of butanol at temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15 K. Absolute viscosities were correlated using the Grunberg–Nissan equation, and kinematic viscosities by the equations of McAllister and Heric. Viscosity deviations were correlated by means of a Redlich–Kister-type equation. Viscosity deviations show negative values at both temperatures over the complete composition range.

Viscosity and Density of Dilute Aqueous Solutions of 1-Pentanol and 2-Methyl-2-butanol

Density and viscosity of dilute aqueous solutions of 1-pentanol and 2-methyl-2-butanol, for the mole fraction of alcohol ranging from 0 to 0.0036 and temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 50 °C, have been measured. The viscosity data were correlated by the Grunberg−Nissan equation and the Heric equation.

Dielectric Constants of Some Miscible Aqueous-Organic Solvent Mixtures

The dielectric constants of some aqueous-organic solvent mixtures have been analysed by an equation analogous to Grunberg and Nissan equation. The hydration numbers are found out at the maxima and minima of the plots of Δϵ versus x 2. The extent of hydration of organic solvents is discussed in the light of structure of the solvents. It is shown that the equations can be very well applied to aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. An interaction parameter d is defined to fit the dielectric constant data of the mixtures which bears a linear relationship with ϵ2.

Excess molar volumes, excess viscosities and refractive indices of a quaternary liquid mixture at 298.15 K

Density, viscosity and refractive index values for the propan-2-ol + methylacetate + dichloromethane + n-pentane mixture have been measured at 298.15 K, over the whole concentration range. Excess molar volumes and viscosities have been calculated. Flory's statistical theory has been applied to predict the excess molar volumes and compare then to the experimental data. We have also applied Grunberg and Nissan's equation for calculating viscosities and Lorentz-Lorenz's equation for predicting refractive indices, by knowing the values of the pure components.

Viscosities and densities for propylene carbonate + toluene at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35.degree.C

Viscosities and densities for propylene carbonate+toluene have been measured at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 o C. The «interaction parameter» obtained from the Grundberg and Nissan equation,the deviation in viscosity (Δη), and excess volume (V E ) are discussed

Transport properties of nonelectrolyte mixtures. IX. Viscosity coefficients for acetonitrile and for three mixtures of toluene+acetonitrile from 25 to 100�c at pressures up to 500 MPa

A two-coil self-centering falling-body viscometer has been used to measure viscosity coefficients for acetonitrile and three binary mixtures of toluene+ acetonitrile at 25, 50, 75, and 100°C and pressures up to 500 MPa. The results for acetonitrile can be interpreted by an approach based on hard-sphere theory, with a roughness factor of 1.46. The binary-mixture data are well represented by the Grunberg and Nissan equation with a mixing parameter which is pressure and temperature dependent but composition independent.

Transport properties of nonelectrolyte liquid mixtures. VIII. Viscosity coefficients for toluene and for three mixtures of toluene + hexane from 25 to 100�C at pressures up to 500 MPa

Viscosity coefficients measured using a two-coil self-centering falling-body viscometer are reported for toluene and three binary mixtures of toluene + n-hexane at 25, 50, 75, and 100°C at pressures up to 500 MPa. The data for a given composition at different temperatures and pressures are correlated very satisfactorily by a plot of reduced viscosity η* versus log V′, where V′=V·V0(TR)/V0(T) and V0 represents a characteristic volume. The binary mixture data are well represented by the Grunberg and Nissan equation with a mixing parameter which is pressure dependent but composition and temperature independent.

Viscosity of three binary hydrocarbon mixtures

Viscosity measurements have been performed on three binary hydrocarbon mixtures at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 15-70°C. The binary mixtures reported are n-dodecane-n-hexane, n-dodecane-benzene, and n-dodecane-cyclohexane at n-dodecane mole fractions of 1.0, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0. The viscosities of the pure liquids are described by a modified Arrhenius equation and the mixtures by a modified Grundberg and Nissan equation with a standard deviation in fit of 0.4% or less

Viscosity of the n‐Decane—Methane System in the Liquid Phase

AbstractThe viscosity of liquid n‐decane and liquid mixtures of n‐decane—methane containing 31.2, 55.7, 69 and 84.7 mol% methane has been measured using an absolute oscillation vessel viscometer. The measurements have been performed in the temperature range 20–150°C, and at pressures up to 40 MPa.—The viscosities of the n‐decane and the liquid mixtures are described separately by an empirical correlation in terms of temperature and pressure. The standard deviation in fit are 0.14–0.2%. The estimated accuracy is ± 1% for n‐decane at 20°C deteriorating to ±4% at 150°C for the mixtures containing 84.7 mol% methane.—Applying a generalization of the Grundberg and Nissan equation, the experimental viscosities are expressed as a function of temperature, pressure and composition with an overall standard deviation in the fit of 0.6%.—Literature data deviate 0‐ +4% from the correlated n‐decane viscosities, and +10 to +40% from the mixture viscosities of the present investigation.

Viscosities of nonelectrolyte liquid mixtures. III. Selected binary and quaternary mixtures

This paper is the final in a series of three viscosity and density studies of pure n-alkanes and selected binary and quaternary mixtures. A standard U-tube viscometer was used for viscosity measurements, and a Pyrex flask-type pycnometer was used for density determinations. Results are given here for pure alkane and selected binary mixtures of n-tetradecane + n-octane, for selected quaternary mixtures of n-hexadecane + n-dodecane + n-decane + n-hexane, and for pure and selected quaternary mixtures of n-hexadecane + n-dodecane + n-nonane + n-heptane at 303.16 and 308.16 K. The principle of congruence was tested, as was the Grunberg and Nissan equation, as they have been shown to be useful as prediction techniques for other n-alkane binary mixtures. Comparisons were made between the two groups of quaternary alkane mixtures and the binary n-tetradecane + n-octane mixtures of the same “pseudo” composition to understand better the dependence of mixture viscosities on the composition parameter.

Viscosities of nonelectrolyte liquid mixtures. II. Binary and quaternary systems of some n-alkanes

This paper is the second in a series of viscosity and density studies on multicomponent mixtures of n-alkanes from 303 to 338 K. Reported here are the results of binary mixtures of n-tetracosane + n-octane as well as quaternary mixtures of n-tetracosane + n-octane + n-decane + n-hexane at 318.16, 328.16, and 338.16 K. Viscosities were determined using a standard U-tube Ostwald viscometer, and densities were determined using a flask-type pycnometer. Empirical relations tested include the Grunberg and Nissan equation and the method of corresponding states. In addition, comparisons were made regarding the behavior of this quaternary system and homologous binary mixtures of n-hexadecane + n-octane and n-tetracosane + n-octane at the same temperatures.

Viscosity measurements on aniline, p-toludine and p-anisidine + phénol in the temperature range of 303.15-343.15 K

Densities and viscosities of the binary mixtures aniline, p-toluidine and p-aninisidine + phenol between 303.15 and 343.15 K, in the whole range of composition were determined. Experimental results for excess viscosities at 323.15, 333.15 and 343.15 were fitted to Grundberg and Nissan's equation. From the excess viscosity, the δ parameters of the Grundberg-Nissan equation and the activation energies is concluded that interaction between the anilines and phenol increases in the sequence aniline p-toluidine p-anisidine, which is in line with the basicity of the compounds. The basicity of the anilines can be explained in terms of both inductive and mesomeric effects.