Nipple Pain Research Articles

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Zucchini Seed Oil on Nipple Pain Among Lactating Women

Objective:Nipple pain is one of the most common reasons for early termination of breastfeeding; thus, effective treatment of this condition is very important. Previous studies have proposed the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of theCucurbita pepoplant. The present study was conducted to determine the effects ofC. peposeed oil on the severity of nipple pain in lactating women.Methods:In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 lactating women with nipple pain were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (zucchini seed oil) or the control group (breast milk). In the intervention group, 0.5 mL of zucchini seed oil was applied to the nipples and areola three times a day after each breastfeeding session to ensure the absence of an allergy to zucchini compounds. In the control group, three to four drops of breast milk were applied to the nipples and areola after each breastfeeding session. Pain score was recorded using a visual analog scale before the intervention and on the third and eighth day after the intervention. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Software for Social Sciences software (version 24). Apvalue of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups with regard to mean pain severity (p= .330). On the third day, the mean pain intensity in the intervention group significantly decreased compared with the control group (p= .023). On the eighth day, the mean pain severity was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (p= .016).Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate that zucchini seed oil extract was effective in reducing the severity of nipple pain in lactating women. Therefore, use of this oil extract is suggested for treatment of nipple pain in lactating women.

Effectiveness of the Application of Lanolin, Aloe Vera, and Peppermint on Nipple Pain and Nipple Trauma in Lactating Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Infants who are not exclusively breastfed are more vulnerable to gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Mothers who do not breastfeed their infants are at a higher risk of cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of applying lanolin, aloe vera, and peppermint for alleviating nipple pain and nipple trauma among lactating mothers. Electronic databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Clinical Key, were searched for studies published in English from January 2000 to December 2022. Nipple pain and nipple trauma were the primary outcomes analysed, and a meta-analysis was conducted via RevMan v5.4. The reviewed trials involved 1,495 participants from 11 studies, with an average participant age of 29 ± 5 years. The application of lanolin significantly reduced nipple pain and nipple trauma in lactating mothers. The application of peppermint significantly reduced nipple trauma in lactating mothers. The application of lanolin or peppermint is a beneficial preventive intervention for reducing nipple trauma and pain.

Lingual frenotomy for ankyloglossia in infants with breastfeeding difficulties: a longitudinal observational study.

Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, is a variation in the anatomy of the lingual frenulum that restricts tongue movement. It is recognised as a cause of breastfeeding difficulty. We prospectively collected data from a specialist tongue-tie assessment clinic and evaluated mothers' experience using a questionnaire. We prospectively collected data from the specialist tongue-tie assessment clinic from January 2023 to October 2023 to assess factors that may influence a lingual frenotomy in an infant. Mothers were invited to complete two questionnaires, one baseline in the clinic waiting room and one follow-up, 4weeks after their clinic visit. These self-reported questionnaires assessed breastfeeding challenges, the mother's motivation for seeking an opinion regarding ankyloglossia, and the continuity of breastfeeding 4weeks following the clinic visit. During these 10months, 157 infants attended the clinic, and 96 frenotomies were performed. One hundred one participants completed baseline questionnaires, and 34 participants completed follow-up questionnaires. When mothers were asked why they wanted their baby assessed for a tongue-tie, the most common answers were difficulty with latch and nipple pain, reported by 45% and 40%, respectively. The average reported pain while breastfeeding was scored at 2.53, graded from 0 to 5 in the baseline questionnaire. This improved to 1.47 amongst women whose infants had a frenotomy. Conclusion: Our study suggests that performing a frenotomy in infants diagnosed with ankyloglossia may positively impact breastfeeding.

Pelatihan Metode SPEOS (Stimulasi Pijat Endhorpin, Pijat Oksitosin dan Sugesti) Ibu Nifas Pada Tim Pendamping Keluarga di Wilayah Puskesmas Danau Marsabut Kecamatan Sipirok

Based on the 2018 Riskesdas results, the proportion of breastfeeding patterns for babies aged 0-5 months in Indonesia is 37.3% exclusive breastfeeding, 9.3% partial breastfeeding and 3.3% predominant breastfeeding. Predominant breastfeeding is breastfeeding the baby but giving a little water or a water-based drink, for example tea, as a prelacteal food/drink before the milk comes in. Meanwhile, partial breastfeeding is breastfeeding a baby and giving artificial food other than breast milk such as formula milk, porridge or other food before the baby is 6 months old, whether given continuously or as prelacteal food. North Sumatra Province Nutrition Program Data in 2018. The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding for babies 0-6 months in North Sumatra in 2018 was 65.57 percent, an increase compared to the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in 2017, namely 54.4 percent (Sumatra Provincial Health Service, 2017). 2018). In the breastfeeding process, problems sometimes arise that can prevent giving breast milk to babies. Problems that mothers often experience when breastfeeding include inverted nipples, swollen breasts, sore and painful nipples, blocked milk ducts, breast inflammation and insufficient milk production (Purwoastuti, 2015). There are many non-pharmacological methods that can help postpartum mothers increase breast milk production, ranging from marmet massage, oxytocin massage, Woolwich massage to areola and rolling massage. Currently, based on the results of related research, there are non-pharmacological methods that are cheaper, easier, non-invasive and acceptable to respondents and without side effects. Nursing interventions that can be applied to help increase lactation in post partum mothers are the SPEOS method (Endorphin, Oxytocin and Suggestive Massage Stimulation).

A Comparative Evaluation of the Acidogenic Potential of Lactose-based, Soy-based, Protein Hydrolysate-based, and Iron-based Milk Formulas Based on Dental Plaque pH, Salivary pH, and Buffering Capacity: An In Vivo Study.

Breastfeeding is the gold standard nutrition for infants. However, the inability of infants to latch on, maternal complaints of sore or painful nipples, and insufficient milk supply frequently result in early breastfeeding cessation. Hence, milk has subsequently been replaced by infant formula milks of high quality, which serve as an alternate source of nutrition for infants. There also has been a rising concern among parents and caretakers regarding the cariogenic potential of the various milk formulas available in the market due to the presence of fermentable carbohydrates in them, leading to an increase in nursing caries or early childhood caries. Hence, this study aims to comparatively evaluate the acidogenic potential of four different milk formulas based on dental plaque pH, salivary pH, and buffering capacity. This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the acidogenic potential of various infant milk formulas using three main parameters of measurement of caries: evaluation of salivary pH, plaque pH, and buffering capacity.Baseline plaque and salivary pH and postconsumption plaque pH and salivary pH were assessed after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60 minutes in 60 healthy children (15 in each study group) aged 7-12 years after rinsing with group I (lactose-based), group II (soy-based), group III (protein hydrolysate-based), and group IV (iron-based) milk formulas. The pH was assessed using a precalibrated digital pH meter. Plaque pH was also further assessed based on its buffering capacity. Soy-based and protein hydrolysate-based milk formulas were found to be most cariogenic in both saliva and plaque. Lactose-based formulas were found to be the least cariogenic of all the milk formulas. Parents and caretakers must be made aware of the various types of milk formulas available, their composition, as well as their relative cariogenic nature. Feeding should always be supervised, and infants should not be left with milk-containing bottles as comforters. Milk feeds at bedtime, when salivary flow is reduced, should be discouraged. Dentists and pediatricians should be aware of the caries-related risk associated with different milk formulas before recommending them to children. Knowledge and awareness among parents and caretakers regarding the cariogenicity of various milk formulas available in the market. Mahanta A, Yadav G, Saha S, et al. A Comparative Evaluation of the Acidogenic Potential of Lactose-based, Soy-based, Protein Hydrolysate-based, and Iron-based Milk Formulas Based on Dental Plaque pH, Salivary pH, and Buffering Capacity: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):851-859.

Effectiveness of moisturising therapy in treating nipple trauma: a systematic review protocol

IntroductionBreastfeeding is crucial in infant nutrition and bonding, recommended for at least 6 months and up to 2 years postpartum, providing health benefits for both infants and mothers. However, nipple...

Factors affecting infant feeding choices with a focus on barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in Western Jamaica: a qualitative study

BackgroundDespite the many benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to infants and mothers, only 33% of Jamaican infants are exclusively breastfed up to the recommend six months. This study was conducted to identify factors affecting mothers’ feeding choices focusing on barriers to exclusive breastfeeding of infants six weeks to less than six months old.MethodsA qualitative study consisting of four focus group discussion sessions was conducted among 22 mothers attending postnatal clinics in western Jamaica from May to August 2016. The transcripts were coded by three independent coders and content analysis conducted to generate themes.ResultsFour themes were identified namely, perceived advantages of breastfeeding centered mainly on the benefits of breastfeeding for the infant and mother, perceived barriers of breastfeeding highlighting physical pain and fatigue, supplementing culturally acceptable complementary foods and herbal remedies, and cultural norms including perception of how breastfeeding affects a woman’s body, societal sources of breastfeeding information, satiation of infants, and family and other support. Mothers overwhelmingly agreed that breastfeeding was inexpensive, allowed them to bond with their infants and was good for the overall health and intellectual development of the infants. They identified painful nipples, engorged breasts, lack of sleep, physical exhaustion and pressure to return to work as barriers to breastfeeding. Mothers named a number of complementary foods, such as pumpkin, carrots, potato, banana, and chocho (Chayote), that were culturally accepted for feeding infants in Jamaica and discussed herbs that were considered to aid in infants’ nutrition and overall health. Other cultural factors that were noted to influence exclusive breastfeeding were mothers feeling that breastfeeding would help their bodies, especially their bellies, go back to their pre-maternity figure, sources of breastfeeding information in the society including the internet, belief that breast milk alone does not satisfy babies, and family and other support.ConclusionMothers in this study identified unique challenges to exclusive breastfeeding that if addressed, would help to increase exclusive breastfeeding so that the World Health Organization’s exclusive breastfeeding recommendations can be achieved.

The effect of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory-based care during pregnancy and postpartum period on health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To examine the effect of the provision of care on health outcomes when provided based on Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory during perinatal period. The perinatal period is a process with multidimensional care needs for the mother, baby and family. Care based on nursing theories can improve the quality of perinatal care. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies on this topic from 2006 to 2020 have been accessed by nine database searches. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklists for experimental and quasi-experimental studies, developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. This study was conducted by following the Preferred Reporting System for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. This systematic review included nine studies with a total sample size of 839 women. These studies showed that care based on Orem's theory significantly helped prolong the mean duration of pregnancy, reduced the incidence of preterm labor, improved hygiene behaviour and increased empowerment. Concerning the perinatal period, this intervention significantly improved self-care and readiness for hospital discharge, adaptation and breastfeeding self-efficacy and reduced nipple pain and pain due to abdominal distension. The implementation of this theory into care during the perinatal period can contribute to improved health outcomes. What is already known about this topic? The quality of pregnancy and postpartum care is important for the maternal health. The use of nursing theories-which nursing knowledge is produced-improves care quality and ensures that care is organized systematically. What this paper adds? There is insufficient research that supports Orem's theory of self-care deficit in pregnancy and postpartum care and also no systematic review about this topic, but the current meta-analysis showed that postnatal and prenatal treatments based on Orem's theory have a positive impact on the self-care agency. The implications of this paper: The use of Orem's theory helps nurses understand women and their needs during pregnancy and postpartum periods. Integrating Orem's theory of self-care deficit into pregnancy and postpartum nursing care services can help increase women's self-care power.

Breastfeeding Success With Use of Electric Breast Pump Versus Inverted Syringe Technique in Lactating Women With Inverted Nipple: Open Labelled Randomized Control Trial.

Background Inverted nipple is a commonly encountered impediment to proper attachment and latch establishment. Correction of inversion using a disposable syringe represents the conventional method of management. However, it is understudied, cumbersome, and inconvenient. Using electric breast pump represents a more physiological method to achieve correction of inversion. This open-label, randomized control trial investigated syringing versus electric breast pump both in terms of effectiveness in achieving correction of inversion of nipple and patient satisfaction with the use of the assigned intervention. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to compare breastfeeding success by Day 3 postnatal age (achieving correction of inversion of nipple and establishment of direct breastfeeding) in syringing versus electric breast pump in mothers with inverted or flat nipples. The secondary objective was to compare the two methods for the pain experienced by the mother while using syringing versus an electric breast pump. Methodology/Design This was a single-center, open-label randomized control trial performed at a tertiary care neonatal unit in Eastern India, from December 2022 to September 2023. 60 healthy mothers with inverted nipples were randomly allocated to one of two interventions: Group A (n=30, syringing); or Group B (n=30, electric breast pump). Both groups were compared for the establishment of breastfeeding by Day 3 postnatal age and daily maximum pain scores till Day 3 (visual analogue scale). Multivariable logistic regression was used to look for factors independently associated with establishment of breast feeding by Day 3 postnatal period. Chi square test was used to compare the proportions of different outcomes between the groups. Results The primary outcome of establishment of breastfeeding by Day 3 postnatal period was achieved in 18 (60%) mothers in syringe group vs. 17 (56.67%) in the breast pump group, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.793). In the first two days the pain score differences were not statistically significant, but on Day 3, 28 (93.99%) mothers in the electric breast pump group had no/mild pain compared to 22 (73.33%) mothers in the syringe usage group. This difference was statistically significant (p= 0.038). Conclusion In hospital settings where electric breast pump is easily available, the same may be preferred over inverted syringe technique for achieving establishment of breastfeeding by Day 3 postnatal period with minimal nipple pain in mothers. However, further large scale studies will be required to confirm these findings.

Could Photobiomodulation help lactating women and their newborns?

During the first several weeks following lactation, nipple pain frequently prevents mothers from continuing breastfeeding. To evaluate the efficacy of using Photobiomodulation (PBM) versus anti-inflammatory topical cream, on inflamed nipple, and the effect on milk production. This study was carried-out on 50 breastfeeding women with nipple pain and fissure. Our patients were divided into two groups ; study group (Group I): 25 patients received 12 sessions of PBM using Diode laser for a period of 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week every alternative day, and controlled group (Group II): 25 patients used Anti-inflammatory topical cream. Regarding inflammatory signs in both groups, Group I showed a significant decrease in redness compared to Group II at the 3rd and 4th week, and a significant decrease in nipple fissure and pain at the 3rd week. There was a significant increase in milk amount reflected on the infant’s weight. We concluded that PBM was more effective in decreasing nipple pain, inflammation and subsequently milk production and infant weight than topical anti-inflammatory creams.

MATERNAL MENTAL HEALTH: STUDY OF COPING STRATEGIES MOTHERS WITH EXPERIENCING POSTPARTUM BLUES

Postpartum blues is an uncomfortable feeling experienced by mothers after giving birth. The incidence of postpartum blues in Indonesia is quite high, between 50-70%. This research aims to explore coping strategies for postpartum blues sufferers using qualitative research methods with case studies. Two participants who experienced postpartum blues were selected by purposive sampling technique. Method Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews. Researchers used open questions with a grid of questions about coping strategies for dealing with postpartum blues and The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data verification process was carried out by triangulating data and sources (husbands and people closest). Research results known that the strategy used by respondents to overcome postpartum blues is Emotional Focused Coping. Other things can do to overcome postpartum blues include doing fun activities (me time), a spiritual approach, telling stories and being sincere. Based on evidence, it is known that distress due to breastfeeding problems (nipple pain) can cause postpartum blues syndrome. The new thing found in this research is that having sexual relations with husband can be a way to overcome postpartum blues. A good social support system needs to be built by all parties to support maternal mental health

Nonpharmacological Interventions for Treating Breastfeeding Nipple Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nonpharmacological topical interventions for treating breastfeeding nipple pain. Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing lactating women suffering from breastfeeding painful nipples were included. Primary outcomes were pain, healing process, and adverse events. A comprehensive search was conducted on June 02, 2023, without date or language restrictions. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the certainty of the evidence, the GRADE approach. Results: Nineteen RCTs with unclear to high risk of bias were included. There was uncertain evidence regarding the effects of photobiomodulation versus placebo on pain reduction (mean difference [MD] -0.15; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -1 0.49 to 1.19; 139 participants, 2 RCTs). There are uncertainties concerning the effects of lanolin versus breast milk on pain (MD -1.80; 95% CI -2.43 to -1.17; 1 RCT; 180 participants), wound healing (MD 0.10; 95% CI -0.26 to -0.46; 1 RCT; 180 participants), and any adverse events (zero events in both groups). Similar effects were observed by the other interventions assessed. Conclusion: The evidence of nonpharmacological topical interventions for painful nipples is imprecise, and future RCTs with higher methodological quality are needed to support recommendations. Considering the accessibility and low cost of these alternative treatments, the findings of this evidence synthesis could support clinical decision-making and guide future research. PROSPERO CRD42020170320.

COMT Variants are Associated With Breast and Nipple Pain

Estimates suggest that only 24.9% of infants born in 2019 were exclusively breastfed before 6 months of age, despite the known health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. Breast and nipple pain is one of the primary determinants of exclusive breastfeeding. Environmental contributions to breastfeeding success have been reported extensively in the literature, but the contribution(s) of maternal genetics has yet to be discovered. The purpose of the study was to identify an association between pain and lactation-related gene variants with exclusive breastfeeding determinants. We selected 4 genes having single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with potential functional significance in breastfeeding and pain: prolactin receptor (PRLR), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and milk fat globule epidermal growth factor and factor V/VIII domain containing (MFGE8). We performed a cross-sectional secondary analysis of a longitudinal randomized controlled trial study, Promoting Self-Management of Breast and Nipple Pain with Biomarkers and Technology for Breastfeeding Women (NCT05262920). Breast and nipple pain, perceived insufficient milk, and breastfeeding self-efficacy were examined using total scale scores for the Brief Pain Inventory, Visual Analog Scale, H&H Lactation Scale, and the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale-short form, respectively. Of the candidate genes examined, SNPs within COMT were significantly associated with breastfeeding-related outcomes. Specifically, COMT rs4633 and rs4680 minor allele carriers (T, A) reported higher breast and nipple pain intensity than women homozygous for the major allele (C, G). COMT is the most widely researched “pain gene” and has been linked to cold, postoperative, and postpartum pain. This study is the first to identify a contribution of COMT variants to breast and nipple pain and, as a result, to breastfeeding exclusivity. PerspectiveTwo SNPs in the pain gene COMT are associated with breast and nipple pain. Clinically, a minor allele in COMT rs4633 and rs4680 may increase a woman’s rating of moderate breast and nipple pain. Trial registrationPROMPT was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (protocol #NCT05262920).

Effects of Aloe Gel on Lactating Women with Nipple Trauma.

Background: To investigate the efficacy of aloe gel in reducing pain and promoting wound healing in postpartum women with nipple trauma. Method: There were 80 postpartum women who took part in this study having developed nipple trauma during breastfeeding in the obstetrics department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Suzhou from January to December 2021. Postpartum women with nipple trauma whose hospital bed numbers ranged between 15 and 33 were included in the test group, whereas those whose hospital bed numbers ranged between 35 and 53 were included in the control group. Both groups received health education and breastfeeding guidance. The control group applied lanolin cream to their nipple trauma, whereas the test group used aloe gel. We used a nipple trauma severity assessment table to determine the severity of nipple trauma in lactating women and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to determine the level of nipple pain and referred to the Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Efficacy for Diseases and Syndromes to determine the healing time of their wounds. Results: The test group scored 3.70 ± 1.24 and 1.65 ± 0.74 points on the VAS on the first and third days following the intervention, whereas the control group scored 4.30 ± 0.94 and 2.23 ± 1.07 points, respectively. It took 3.75 ± 1.08 days and 4.45 ± 1.15 days for the nipple pain to completely disappear in the test group and the control group, respectively. The healing period for nipple trauma was 5.28 ± 1.26 days for the test group and 6.03 ± 1.61 days for the control group. All of the aforementioned distinctions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Aloe gel can significantly alleviate the pain associated with nipple trauma in lactating women, accelerate wound healing, and reduce the duration of nipple trauma.

Analysis of risk factors leading to multiple breast abscesses during lactation.

We investigated 1805 cases of breast abscesses during lactation to estimate the risk factors for multiple breast abscesses during lactation. A total of 2000 cases of breast abscesses during lactation were investigated using an online questionnaire, and 1805 cases with complete data were analyzed. The survey response rate was 90%. According to the number of abscesses, the patients were divided into 2 groups: single breast abscess (number = 1298) and multiple breast abscess (number = 507). Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the 15 risk factors between the 2 groups. Risk factors with significant differences were substituted into a binary logistic regression model to analyze the independent risk factors associated with multiple breast abscesses during lactation. There were significant differences between the 2 groups in (1) weeks postpartum, (2) separated from the baby, (3) breastfeeding exclusivity, (4) nipple inversion, (5) fever, (6) breast redness/swelling, (7) nipple pain, (8) breast massage by nonmedical staff, with (1), (5), (6), and (8) being independent risk factors. Patients under 6 weeks postpartum, separated from the baby, not exclusively breastfeeding, having an inverted nipple on the affected side, fever, breast skin redness and swelling on the affected side, nipple pain, and having undergone a breast massage by nonmedical staff are more likely to develop multiple breast abscesses.

Implementation Technique Breast-feed With Nipples Milk Scratches On Mother Baby At Rs Viqueque City Regency Dili Timor Leste

According to Soetjiningsih (1997), the most common problem in breastfeeding is nipple pain / blisters, about 57% of mothers who breastfeed reported having suffered from blisters on their nipples. Nipples of blisters can prevent exclusive breastfeeding. Based on data in the Viqueque district hospital in Dili East Timor 2019, in 10 breastfeeding mothers, there were still many breastfeeding mothers who experienced blisters on the nipples . The design of this study included quantitative research with cross-sectional type of correlation design. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers who visited the Viqueque City Hospital in East Timor by taking the sample with the type of accidental sampling, amounting to 44 respondents. The variable in this research is the technique of breastfeeding and nipple milk with ordinal scale. This research was conducted in December 2019 until July 2020. In this study analyzed by contingency coefficient test with α o, 05. The results of the study after being tested with contingency coefficient obtained p-value = 0.008 &lt; α = 0.05 (p-value &lt;α) which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a relationship between breastfeeding techniques and nipple milk nipples. Incorrect position in breastfeeding is a natural thing that occurs early in the breastfeeding period. Both mother and baby are in the learning stage. If the position is improperly attempted, the position is replaced until finally I find the right position. As time goes by, mother will become professional until finally she can find the right position for mother and baby. When the position is right, surely the mother's nipples will not blister.

PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS PIJAT LAKTASI DENGAN PERAWATAN PAYUDARA TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN MENYUSUI DI PMB KOTA PEKANBARU

International Guidelines, which are based on scientific data about the advantages of breast milk for infants, moms, families, and nations, advise exclusive breastfeeding for six months. The sensation of having inadequate or too little breast milk, breast swelling, flat or painful nipples, clogged breast milk ducts, and mastitis are issues that nursing moms often face. Breast care and lactation massage are two of the numerous strategies that may be used to boost breast milk supply. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how lactation massage and breast care vary in their ability to support successful breastfeeding in PMB Pekanbaru City. The study design used was two group independent approach design, and the research methodology was quasi experimental (quasi experimental). Mothers who had given birth within two hours and were nursing in the Pekanbaru Midwife Independent Practice Work Area made up the study population. The present study used the independent T test for analysis in order to ascertain the impact of lactation massage and breast care on postpartum moms' success in breastfeeding. The average amount of breast milk provided to moms who undergo lactation massage is 5.47 months, with a standard deviation of 0.837, according to the findings of statistical data processing using the Independent Samples Test. Breastfeeding moms give birth to their children for 4.6 months on average, with a standard deviation of 1,352. Breast milk is delivered to women who do breast care

RESULTS OF TREATMENT FOR PAGET'S DISEASE OF THE BREAST AT THE NATIONAL CANCER HOSPITAL IN VIETNAM

Objectives: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of patients with Paget's disease of the breast at The National Cancer Hospital and to evaluate the treatment outcomes of Paget's disease of the breast. Materials and methods: 46 patients were diagnosed and treated for Paget's disease of the breast in the Breast Surgery Department of The National Cancer Hospital from 2016 to 2020. Results: The average age was 60.6 ± 10.8. The common symptoms were nipple pain (76.1%) and nipple ulceration (65.2%). Paget's disease with invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 37.0%, and Paget's disease with intraductal carcinoma accounted for 28.2%. The proportions of breast cancer stages 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 63.0%, 23.9%, 8.7%, and 4.4%, respectively. The proportions of total mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery were 97.8% and 2.2%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 91.3% and 84.8%, respectively. Conclusions: A high proportion of Paget's disease of the breast cases are associated with underlying ductal carcinoma. Surgical treatment of Paget's disease has achieved positive outcomes in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival. Received 27 June 2023Revised 25 September 2023Accepted 28 November 2023

Lesões mamilares precoces decorrentes da amamentação: análise de imagens fotográficas e associações clínicas

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the initial nipple damage degree by breastfeeding practice and to associate findings with clinical manifestations of breastfeeding women. Methods: a retrospective, cross-sectional study with primary data and photographic images database from two randomized clinical trials. Photographic images were analyzed by two independent evaluators using the Nipple Trauma Score. For analysis, the chi-square, Mann-Whitney tests and Kappa coefficient were applied. Results: 115 breastfeeding women and their respective 186 photographic images were analyzed. The degree of agreement of evaluators using the Nipple Trauma Score was 93.6%. The nipple pain score during breastfeeding was moderate and compromised more than 25% of the nipple surface area. Conclusions: assistance to breastfeeding women should prioritize nipple pain intensity instead of the nipple damage size.

Effectiveness of Aloe Vera-Based Topical Therapy Products on Breastfeeding Mothers with Milk Scratches in Hamparan Perak Village

In Indonesia, a study revealed that approximately 86.4% of breastfeeding mothers encounter nipple issues such as blisters, dryness, and pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that chafed nipples contribute to substantial pain, discomfort, and diminished milk production among nursing mothers, thereby posing a hindrance to exclusive breastfeeding initiatives. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of an aloe vera-based topical therapy product in reducing nipple chafing in breastfeeding mothers in Hamparan Perak District. Conducted as an experimental study with a pre-test and post-test control group design, the research transpired in Hamparan Perak village. The study enlisted breastfeeding mothers experiencing sore nipples, with 20 individuals in the intervention group receiving aloe vera-based topical therapy in gel form, and 20 individuals in the control group receiving a placebo. The assessment of effectiveness centered on measuring blister occurrence and nipple pain scores both before and after the intervention, employing the Mann-Whitney test for data analysis. Bivariate analysis utilizing the Mann-Whitney U-test yielded a significant P-value of 0.001. Consequently, it can be inferred that aloe vera gel demonstrably influences nipple pain, with aloe vera gel proving to be 5,537 times more effective in pain reduction. Future research could incorporate objective measures, such as clinical assessments or laboratory analyses, to validate the reported outcomes.