Nypa Fruticans Research Articles

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate from nipa sap using Cupriavidus necator DSM545

Polyhydroxyalkanoate or PHA is produced through microbial fermentation of sugar and lipid where in nature it is stored as energy and carbon source for microorganisms. Most of the carbon feedstock used for PHA production are derived from biomass as they remain the cheapest carbon source to date. In this study, nipa palm sap was proposed as an alternative carbon feedstock since it is underutilized and widely distributed along river estuaries in Malaysia. This nipa sap contains high sugar content and essential nutrients which are required for PHA production. The aim of this work was to explore potential of nipa sap as a carbon source and to investigate effect of added and non-added nutrient nipa media on PHA production during batch fermentation using Cupriavidus necator DSM545. Extraction of PHA using chloroform showed that 2 g/L of PHA was recovered when nipa added with nutrient was used while nipa only media produced 2.16 g/L of PHA. All the samples showed presence of PHA carbonyl band (C=O) from extracted PHA granules by using FTIR while peak obtained using UV Spectrophotometer confirmed the presence of PHA. These findings proved that nipa palm sap as a novel and alternative carbon source for PHA production.

The Ecological Risk Assessment of Mercury Contamination in a Mangrove Ecosystem of the Segara Anakan Cilacap, Indonesia

Ecological risk assessment of mercury contaminant has a means to analyze the ecological risk aspect of ecosystem using the potential impact of mercury pollution in soil, water and organism. The ecological risk assessment in a coastal area can be shown by mangrove zonation, clustering and interpolation of mercury accumulation. This research aims to analyze ecological risk assessment of potential mercury (including bioaccumulation and translocation) using indicators of species distribution, clustering, zonation and interpolation of mercury accumulation. The results showed that the Segara Anakan had a high risk of mercury pollution, using indicators like as the potential of mercury contaminant in water body was 0137±0.0137 ppm, substrate and sediment were 0.0134±0.0212 ppm. To reduce the impact of mercury pollution could be conducted by mangrove planting, following the ability of mercury accumulation in stem and bark between 0.011 and 0.064 ppm, in mangrove roots between 0.0260 and 0.0690 ppm and in mangrove leaves between 0.0020 and 0.0120 ppm,. The second indicator of mangrove ability to reduce the impact of mercury contaminant used the indicator of bioaccumulation factors, which had a range between 0.0210 and 0.4751, and the translocation factors were between 0.0459 and 1.0547. The results also showed that: Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora apiculate, Rhizophora mucronata and Nypa frutican had a good ability to accumulate and reduce the impact of mercury contamination.

Hambatan Peran Masyarakat Dalam Pengembangan Kampung Tanggui Sebagai Kampung Wisata Di Kota Banjarmasin

Kampung Tanggui is located in Kuin Cerucuk Village, Banjarmasin City. Tanggui is a round hat in the shape of a hat used by the community as a head protector from activities under the sun, especiallyOriver community activities. The raw material for tanggui comes from nipa palm forests which can beOfoundPon the banksOof rivers, especially rivers which are still affected by sea tides. The method used in this study is aOqualitativeomethod. TheOdata source wasOselected by snowball sampling technique. DataOcollection wasOcarried out byOobservation, interview and documentationOtechniques. The data analysisOtechnique used is dataOreduction technique, data presentation,OandOconclusionOdrawing. Testing the validityOof theOdata wasOcarried0outPby sourceOtriangulation, technical triangulation and time triangulation. TheOresults of thisOstudy indicate that the form ofOthe community's role as tourism executor in the development of Kampung Tanggui as a tourist village in Banjarmasin City is divided into three roles. (1) The role in this decision-making is in the form of a free community of opinion to convey criticism and suggestions for progress in the development of Kampung Tanggui. (2) RoleOin improvingOthe quality of tourism products. The community plays a role in mutual cooperation activities for the convenience of tourist destinations and efforts to increase sales of tourism products. (3) Role in sharing financial benefits. The distribution of these financial benefits is in the form of economic benefits felt by the communityOand the availability of jobs in the Kampung Tanggui tourist area.

Nipa palm shell as a sustainable precursor for synthesizing high-performance activated carbon: Characterization and application for Hg2+ adsorption

We used for the first time nipa palm shell (NPS) waste as a renewable precursor to synthesize high-porous activated carbon (AC) via direct NaOH activation and investigated its Hg2+ adsorption properties. The characterization results exhibit the successful conversion of NPS into AC with the optimum impregnation weight ratio of NaOH to NPS of 0.5:1, resulting in a large surface area, pore volume, microporosity, and zeta potential of 1214 m2/g, 0.758 cm3/g, 86.4%, and −39.4 mV, respectively. The adsorptive performance of AC towards Hg2+ at 25 °C in a continuous mode was evaluated. High surface area, strongly negative surface charge, and oxygen-containing functional groups of the optimized AC presented a high Hg2+ adsorption capacity (227.86 mg/g). Element composition analysis confirmed the Hg2+ adsorption onto the AC layer. The findings denote the utility and effectiveness of NPS-based AC due to its favorable functional properties and cationic Hg2+ uptake in aqueous media.

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Nypa Palm (Nypa Frutican) and Associated Species of the Sundarbans Mangrove of Bangladesh

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Nypa Palm (Nypa Frutican) and Associated Species of the Sundarbans Mangrove of Bangladesh

Antibacterial activity of hexane and methanol fractions of some selected plants against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Besides adenovirus, pneumonia can also be caused by bacteria. One of the most common bacteria causing the pneumonia is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Currently, treatment by antibiotics has been widely used. Nevertheless, the increasing failure of existing antibiotics because of antibiotic resistance resulted by bacterial pathogens has become a serious problem to human health. Hence, there is a need for a new antibacterial potential agent against K. pneumoniae as an alternative treatment to the pneumonia to prevent the risk of a severe pneumonia for both healthy people and those already infected with the pneumonia. This study, therefore, investigated the antibacterial activity of some selected plants (Pandanus tectorius, Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba, Phaleria macrocarpa, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Pongamia pinnata) against K. pneumoniae. In this study, samples were extracted successively by cold maceration using hexane and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined by well and disc diffusion methods. Each fraction was prepared by two-fold dilutions from 20 mg/mL to 0.156 mg/mL. All data were analyzed in triplicate replication and presented as mean values ± standard deviation. Results showed that all methanol fractions of selected plants had antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, and well-diffusion method showed better antibacterial results compared to the agar well-diffusion method. The strongest activity was obtained by methanol fraction of S. alba leaf, followed by P. pinnata leaf, Nypa fruticans bark, H. tiliaceus leaf, P. macrocarpa leaf, and P. tectorius leaf with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) value between 0.625 and 5.0 mg/mL. Phytochemical screening revealed that all methanol fractions were rich in flavonoid content, which could have contributed to their antibacterial activity.

Phytochemical analysis and anti-diarrhoea potential of ethanol leaves extract of Nypa frutican in albino rats

Organization has encouraged studies that will bring about the desired treatment and prevention of diarrhoea. Nypa frutican commonly known as Nipa palm or Mangrove palm is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments and the leaves are locally used for making roofing mats, hats and brooms. This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents using Gas Chromatography- Flame Ionization Detector and anti-diarrhoea potential of ethanol leaves extract of Nypa frutican in albino rats. Fecal count, measurement of gastrointestinal charcoal meal distance and intestinal fluid electrolyte concentrations procedures were used. The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, oxalate, saponin, steroids, cardiac glycoside and tannin (35.53, 30.55, 16.88, 10.31, 9.79, 8.71, 4.86 and 1.95) µg/ml respectively. Extract of the leaves of Nypa frutican (200, 300 and 400) mg/kg in comparison with 5 mg/kg standard drug (loperamide hydrochloride), inhibited the production of diarrhoea stool, degree of gastrointestinal motility, and inhibited the concentration of intestinal fluid electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-). The result obtained showed that ethanol leaf extract of Nypa frutican may contain some pharmacologically active substance with anti-diarrhoea potentials due its phytochemical components.

Green innovative of Nypa palm and its waste management for sustainable development: a case of green engineering Thailand

Green innovative of Nypa palm and its waste management for sustainable development: a case of green engineering Thailand

Green innovative of Nypa palm and its waste management for sustainable development: a case of green engineering Thailand

Green innovative of Nypa palm and its waste management for sustainable development: a case of green engineering Thailand

The Species Composition of Phytoplankton and Nutrient Content in the Nipa Nypa fruticans Ecosystem on the West Coast of Aceh, Indonesia

Nipa Nypa fruticans grows in estuaries that are affected by sea waters and freshwater. Therefore, the Nipa habitat develops into an area of water mass circulation and becomes rich in nutrients that trigger the growth of phytoplankton as the primary producer in the aquatic ecosystem. This study aimed to examine the species composition and distribution of phytoplankton and nutrient content in the nipa ecosystem on the west coast of Aceh, Indonesia. It was conducted from July 2018 to September 2019 and sampling was carried out in two areas, namely Kuala Bubon Aceh Barat district and Kuala Tadu, Nagan Raya district. A total of 100L of surface water samples was taken from three points at each location. Subsequently, the water was filtered with a plankton net mesh No. 25 and preserved with a 4% Lugol solution. The water sample from both locations was also analyzed for nitrogen and phosphorus contents. The results showed that there were 20 species of phytoplankton in both sampling locations, with Kuala Bubon consisting of 13 species with density of 160.87 cells L-1, and 15 species in Kuala Tadu with density of 273.64 cells L-1. Haramonas sp. was the dominant species in Kuala Bubon, while Amphisolenia bidentata was dominant in Kuala Tadu. Based on the nutrient content (nitrate+nitrite and phosphate), the average nutrient content in Kuala Bubon was 1.31 mg L-1 (mesotrophic) and 0.12 mg L-1 phosphate (hypertrophic). Meanwhile, Kuala Tadu had 1.078 mg L-1 nitrate+nitrite (mesotrophic) and phosphate, 0.22 mg L-1 (hypertrophic) waters. These findings are an early indication that the estuary of Kuala Bubon and Kuala Tadu have been contaminated by organic matter.

Heavy Metals and Total Hydrocarbon Contents of Nypa fruticans Grown along the Shores of Qua Iboe River, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria

This study ascertains the amount of heavy metal and hydrocarbon content in an area exposed to crude oil exploration and exploitation activities. The study area is the Qua Iboe River in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and the study samples were Nypa palm (Nypa fruticans) leaves obtained along the shores of the river. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni in the leaves were determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while Total Hydrocarbon Content was determined using Gas Chromatography, coupled with the flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results obtained showed that in site I, Pb mean concentration was 1.068±0.014 mg/kg, Cd (0.017±0.003 mg/kg), Cu (2.390±0.204 mg/kg), Ni (0.012±0.001 mg/kg) and THC (124.361.7± 1120.502 mg/kg) while for site II: Pb (1.076±0.025 mg/kg), Cd (0.028±0.003 mg/kg) Cu (0.037±0.007 mg/kg) Ni (2.049±0.024 mg/kg) and THC (311,813.4± 2950.291 mg/kg). Heavy metal concentration in the study sites were largely within the WHO permissible limits with the exception of Cd in site II. Generally, the amount of heavy metals and THC were higher in the study sites than in the control site, which was an area with negligent oil exploitation and industrial activities. Therefore, the elevated concentration of heavy metals and THC in the study sites may be attributed to the various industrial activities sited in the area.

Marine habitats and related fishery resources in Ly Son and adjacent waters in the Northern part of Quang Ngai province

The study assessed the distribution of key marine habitats and related fishery resources and spawning and nursery grounds of target species in the waters of Ly Son islands and adjacent locations of Tra Bong and Sa Ky estuaries using data from analysis of the Sentinel-2 satellite image and ground-truthing. There were about 1,787 ha of coral reefs, 117.3 ha of seagrass beds, and 309 ha of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) distributed in this area, in which the water surrounding Ly Son marine protected area (MPA) supported more than 1,706 ha of coral reefs and 116 ha of seagrass beds. The area also supported 12 nursery grounds of 10 target resources, including giant trevally, mangrove-red snapper, orange-spotted spinefoot, orange-spotted grouper, malabar grouper, barramundi related to nipa palms in Tra Bong and Sa Ky estuaries. In contrast, sea cucumbers, turbo snails, top shells, and giant clams were associated with coral reefs in Ly Son MPA. Related fishery resources, spawning, and nursery grounds of target species involved 8 consultations of local experienced fishermen and a field investigation of the presence of spawning and nursery grounds from November 2019 to September 2020. A total of 1,278 tonnes of commercial resources were harvested in the coral reefs and some 4.647 thousand juveniles of fish and crabs were collected from the adjacent estuaries, in which some essential species of reef fishes indicate linkages between juveniles collected from the nipa palm and seagrass beds in Tra Bong and Sa Ky estuaries and adults fished in the coral reefs in Ly Son MPA. So, conservation and management of exploitation of fish juveniles related to the nipa palm and seagrass beds in Tra Bong and Sa Ky estuaries are considered important solutions for the maintenance of the linkages of fish resources associated with critical marine habitats and fisheries in the waters of Ly Son MPA and adjacent locations in the future.

Identifying Nipah Fruit Extract with Cycle Variations Using a Methanol Solvent

Indonesia has many sources of vegetable oil that can be used as a renewable energy source. One of these sources that has great potential to be developed is palm fruit (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb). Nipah fruit is one of the raw materials used in this study, using the extraction method and methanol as the solvent. The research was conducted with various cycles variations of 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The extracted oil had a fragrant odor, a clear yellow color and was volatile. Tests were then carried out, including percentage yield, pH, free fatty acid (FFA), iodine number and density. From the test results, it was found that the average yield of palm fruit oil was nine cycles reaching 1.2%, where the highest percentage yield was found in the 35-gram sample, the pH number for five samples showed the number six, percentage FFA of palm fruit oil on average was 0.6%, the iodine number of fruit oil Nipah was an average of 0.18 and the specific gravity of Nipah fruit oil on average was 0.76 gram/ml.
 Keywords: nipah fruit, vegetable oil, extraction

Estimation of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in Damas Beach, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Nur AAI, Arifiani KN, Ramadhandi AR, Sabrina AD, Nugroho GD, Kusumaningrum L, Ramdhun D, Bao TQ, Yap CK, Budiharta S, Setyawan AD. 2022. Estimation of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in Damas Beach, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 103-109. Vegetation plays a vital role in providing environmental services in the form of storing carbon which can mitigate climate change. This study aimed to calculate Aboveground Biomass (AGB) and carbon stock in Damas Beach, Trenggalek District, East Java Province, Indonesia using an allometric equation. Biomass and carbon data at a tree (dbh >20 cm) and pole (dbh 10-20 cm) levels were collected using sampling plots distributed randomly at three stations, namely mangrove vegetation (Station I), coconut plantation (Station II), and agroforestry (Station III). The results showed that across the three research stations, there were a total of 23 plant species classified as tree and pole levels. At tree level, Rhizophora stylosa Griffith had the highest carbon stock with a value of 85.48 MgC/ha, while the lowest value was Nypa fruticans Wurmb with 0.02 MgC/ha. Similarly, at the pole level, the species with the highest carbon stock was R. stylosa, with a value of 65.88 MgC/ha, and the lowest was Theobroma cacao L. with 0.11 MgC/ha. The mangrove vegetation (Station I) had the highest carbon stock value of 200.53 MgC/ha. In contrast, the coconut plantation vegetation (Station II) has the lowest total carbon stock, with a value of 84.68 MgC/ha. Conservation and management need to be improved in the Damas Beach area because if the area is disturbed, the ability of vegetation to absorb carbon will decrease.

Potential analysis of Nipa Palm (Nypa Fruticans) in Singkil

Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the plant that grouped in mangrove forest ecosystems which has a great economic potential when developed with a good strategy. The potential of nipa palm in Singkil has not been mapped properly, so that the objective of this research was to analyze the potential of nipa palm in Singkil. Data in this research were obtained directly from observations in the form of ground checks at several research locations and aerial photo data taken directly in the field using UAV vehicles. The results of data obtained through observation and documentation are then processed before being used to validate the results of image data processing. The use of UAV data provides a solution for mapping and monitoring nipa palm with high accuracy as well as a solution to the limited availability of nipa palm data in Singkil. Nipa palm was found spread along the estuary of the Lae Singkil River with total area 768.08 Ha. In the aerial photo taken in Kampong Pulosarok covering an area of 37.01 Ha, it was found that the land covering of nipa palm was 20.12 Ha or 54%. Whereas, in the aerial photo taken in Kampong Kilangan covering an area of 34.41 ha, it was found that the land covering of nipa palm was 22.16 ha or 64%. From the data, it can conclude that the nipa palm potential in Singkil is large.

Economic value of carbon in mangrove ecosystem of Cawan Island, Indragiri Regency, Riau, Indonesia

This study aimed to calculate the economic value of carbon in the mangrove ecosystem of Cawan Island Indragiri Regency, Riau, Indonesia. Mangrove data retrieval was carried out at three stations using the 10 x 10 m quadratic transect method. A non-destructive sampling method used to estimate tree biomass, by measuring all diameters at breast height (DBH=1.3 m) of mangroves, then calculating using an allometric model. The types of mangroves found on Cawan Island are Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum, Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia ovata, Lumnitzera racemosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Nypa fruticans. Rhizophora apiculata has the highest biomass of 2,207.48 tons.ha-1 with a carbon potential of 1,015.43 tons-C.ha-1 and carbon absorption of 3,723.24 tons-CO2.ha-1, in general, Cawan Island mangroves have a biomass value of 4,838.40 tons.ha-1 with a carbon potential of 2,199.54 tons-CO2.ha-1 and carbon absorption of 8,064.98 tons-CO2.ha-1. The total value of carbon sequestration produced by mangroves on Cawan Island is IDR.598,566,978,912.year-1.

Tourists as storytellers of tourist destinations, case study of Rammang-Rammang Karst

Storytelling represents a story about a tourist destination. Travelers have stories about objects, and they become the Storyteller of the objects visited. This article aims to explore the use of travelers to the objects visited and how their knowledge becomes storytelling. The tourist destination that is object of study is the karst tourist destination Rammang-Rammang, a place in the Karst mountain cluster Maros-Pangkep Indonesia. This paper will use narration theory as a communication system for creating stories against an object. The results of this study showed that elements are forming the stories Rammang-Rammang as the attraction of ecotourism, namely living culture Rammang-Rammang, mangrove trees, Nipah palm, rivers, boats, karst, caves, Empang and house Traditional Bugis. Tourists can tell stories (myths) from the elements of the stories. Tourists as storytellers against Rammang-Rammang Ecotourism as a media promotion of tourism. Tourists, as the storyteller promotes objects visited.

Coastal Biodiversity, Sustainable Livelihood and Ecological Scenarios in Marine Wetland of Asarama Andoni in Parts of Eastern Niger Delta Nigeria

Wetland ecosystems are very important natural environmental resource that forms part of the total wealth of a nation. The Asarama wetland in Andoni is amongst the important wetlands in coastal marine cosystems of the Niger Delta; fascinated by diverse rich biodiversity, wetland ecotypes of mangrove, mudflat, Nypa, estuary and fresh water forest habitats with range of critical ecosystem services they provide for mankind survival. The data gathering involved both primary and secondary sources of information. Result revealed diverse ecological scenarios: a livelihood system with diverse level of significant sources and benefit of the ecosystem services. Food, aquacultural practices and sea route logistic component of livelihood benefit from sources recorded significant (HS- 4) level of provisioning services, breeding / nursery benefit with high significant (HS- 4) level of supporting services among other levels recorded in Table 1. Ecological challenges revealed nypa palm invasion of the mangrove ecotypes and uncertainty of climatic relationship to hydrological tidal regime as natural scenarios; economic, social, institutional and infrastructural challenges as anthropogenic scenarios. Therefore a policy framework (legislature) as part of future directive and initiatives to enforce the practice of biodiversity priorities and sustainable livelihood is of immediate importance to Asarama - Andoni wetlands ecosystem. Keywords: Likert scale, provisioning, cultural, regulatory, supporting, natural, anthropogenic. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-24-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2022

Effect of chemical treatments on properties of injection molded Nypa fruticans fiber reinforced polypropylene composite

The rise in environmental awareness prompted consideration of environment friendly materials. Natural fiber, on the contrary, has a structure that allows it to absorb moisture attributable to its hydrophilicity, which hinders its wide application and leads to poor interfacial bonding with the polymer matrix. Therefore, fiber surface modification is inevitable, which is usually based on using the functional group of some chemicals to replace the hydrophilic hydroxyl group to make it more moisture resistant and ameliorate the boding between fiber and polymer matrix. In this study, injection molded nypa fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were fabricated. Three different chemical modification i.e., mercerization, H2O2 treatment, maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) compatibilizer, were employed. Other parameters on which the properties of the composite depend, i.e., fiber volume (30%), manufacturing process, etc. were kept the same. Field emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) images were also investigated to verify the result of experiments. Moisture resistance of the composite was also evaluated. The tensile and flexural properties of treated composite were significantly enhanced than the untreated one. The maximum strength was obtained for MAPP treated composite. The chemical treatment has a less impact on the impact strength of the composite. Better moisture resistance was observed for treated fiber composites. This study provides the insight of using chemical treatment for better adhesion between the fiber and the polymer.

Mapping of Mangrove Ecosystem In Segara Anakan Lagoon using Normalized Different Vegetation Index and Dominant Vegetation Index

Mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL) Cilacap as a typical and specific semiclosed estuary. SAL is dominated by many species like as Rhizophora spp., Sonneratia spp., Bruguiera spp., Avicennia spp., and other species. The normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) and dominant vegetation index (DVI) are a suitable method to support the mapping analysis of mangrove structure and mangrove density. This research aimed to develop mapping of mangrove species distribution, density and dominated species using NDVI and DVI. The method of this research used NDVI analysis using satellite imagery 2017-2020 and domination vegetation with line and quadrat transect method. The results showed that West Segara Anakan had mangrove dense (25 %), moderate density (25 %), rare density (50%) and East Segara Anakan had mangrove dense (43,86 %), moderate density (47.99 %), rare density (8,24 %). Based on domination species showed that East Segara Anakan was dominated by Rhizophora stylosa (233-1633 trees ha-1), Rhizophora apiculata (100-1067 trees ha-1), Nypa frutican (50-2775 trees ha-1), whereas West Segara Anakan was dominated by Nypa frutican (565-2333 trees ha-1), Avicennia marina (198-933 trees ha-1), Sonneratia caseolaris (132-700 trees ha-1) and Avicennia alba (107-1000 trees ha-1). Keywords : Mangrove density, mapping analysis, Segara Anakan Lagoon, NDVI and NDWI