Niosomes Research Articles

Development of Nanosized, Pramipexole-Encapsulated Liposomes and Niosomes for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Development of Nanosized, Pramipexole-Encapsulated Liposomes and Niosomes for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Influence of sonophoresis on transdermal drug delivery of hydrophilic compound-loaded lipid nanocarriers

The effect of sonophoresis on the transdermal drug delivery of sodium fluorescein (NaFI)-loaded lipid nanocarriers such as liposomes (LI), niosomes (NI) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that SN decreased the skin penetration of NaFI-loaded SLN (6.32-fold) and NI (1.79-fold), while it increased the penetration of NaFI-loaded LI (5.36-fold). CLSM images showed the red fluorescence of the LI and NI bilayer on the superficial layer of the stratum corneum. However, the red fluorescent probe of the SLN was not visualized in the skin. FTIR results of the LI and NI with SN showed no effect on lipid stratum corneum ordering, suggesting that the fragment of bilayer vesicles might repair the damaged skin. For SLN, the strengthening of stratum corneum by covering the disrupted skin with solid lipids was shown. SEM images show disrupted carriers of all the formulations adsorbed onto the damaged skin. In conclusion, the SN changed the properties of both the skin surface and lipid nanocarrier, demonstrating that disrupted skin might be repaired by a disrupted nanocarrier.

Formulation and development of industry feasible proniosomal transdermal drug delivery system of granisetron hydrochloride

Proniosomes gel is semisolid liquid crystal products of nonionic surfactants, which converted into niosomes upon hydration. A proniosome based transdermal drug delivery system of granisetron hydrochloride (GRA HCL) developed by coacervation phase separation method. Formulation optimized by use of 32 full factorial design. Span 60 and cholesterol selected as independent variables, while entrapment efficiency (EE) and flux selected as dependent variables. Proniosomes evaluated for EE, in vitro permeation study, stability study, microscopial examination by photomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis. F5 batch containing 90 mg span 60, and 10 mg cholesterol show maximum entrapment (66.57 ± 0.20%) and flux (7.94 ± 0390 μg/cm2/h). Comparative in vitro drug release study of plain drug solution and drug in proniosomal gel form was carried out for 48 h on guinea pig skin. It was found that cumulative release and flux of proniosomal gel was nearly two times more than drug solution containing same drug concentration.The study demonstrated the effectiveness of proniosomal transdermal patch containing GRA HCL for effective management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Key words: Factorial design, industry feasible, niosomes, proniosomes, stability, transdermal drug delivery

COLLOID MEDIATED DRUG TRANSPORT ACROSS DERMAL ROUTE: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Pressure techniques or Focussed forces like so nic pulses, voltage pulses, ballistic treatment or optoporation by Laser beam and use of penetration enhancers are more often invasive to overcome the multiple barrier function of skin. Now, the colloidal systems are getting preference to be used trans derm ally. The colloidal systems include some basic structures like micelle s, liposomes, nanoparticles, den drimers, micro - and nanoemulsions etc. Again, for transdermal flux of any colloidal aggregate, the system must possess sufficient adaptability property de pending upon the pore width, so to make a path way for its entry. The adaptability or defo rmability of the colloidal aggre gate is a function of its composition. Micelles with long shape structures are flexible and depend upon binary phase composition. Vesi cular or globular forms get the d eformable nature by using lipid and membrane softener (bio surfactants) mixture. The diffusion or molecular barrier penetration of colloids need a driving force, which is provided by the trans - barrier hydration free energy gradient created internally or externally of and by the system. Some ultra deformable colloidal carriers like Transferosomes, Ethosomes, Aqua somes and Ni osomes are potential systems for transport across the skin. However, this broad research area of colloi ds still needs much orientation and attention by researchers, rather than going for older invasive techniques.

Formulation and Evaluation of in vitro Cytotoxicity of Carboplatin Niosomes

Formulation and Evaluation of in vitro Cytotoxicity of Carboplatin Niosomes

Dermal delivery of drugs using different vesicular carriers: A comparative review

Many skin diseases are based in the dermal layer of the skin like-acne, alopecia, psoriasis, herpes zoster, etc. Conventional topical formulations have not proved to be effective in managing these conditions because of poor retention in the skin. Some formulations do not penetrate through the stratum corneum and some pass through the skin very quickly.Therefore, there is need to develop a strategy to deliver drugs to the dermis for better management of these conditions. Vesicular systems like liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes and transfersomes have been used by many researchers to localize drugs in the dermal layer and have been fairly successful. Some vesicles were found to be more effective in retaining drug to the skin and some were more effective in transdermal delivery. This article summarizes and compares the work done in the last decade on this topic and provides a conclusion.

Investigations into the in-vitro/in-vivo behaviour of polyhedral niosomes

Investigations into the in-vitro/in-vivo behaviour of polyhedral niosomes

Preparation and Evaluation of Metronidazole‐loaded Niosomes in Rats

Conventional delivery of metronidazole in the treatment of hepatic amoebiasis is limited by the ineffective concentrations achieved in the liver. Niosomes are taken up by the reticuloendothelial system, and were therefore considered for the hepatic localization of metronidazole for more effective treatment of hepatic forms of amoebiasis with reduced toxicity. Metronidazole-loaded niosomes were prepared by the hand-shaking method. The entrapment efficiency of niosomes varied from 16.33 ± 0.42 to 22.32 ± 0.92%. Tissue distribution of metronidazole after intravenous administration of free drug solution or in niosomes was estimated in rat liver. Higher concentrations of metronidazole were achieved in liver when the drug was entrapped in niosomes. Niosomes could be considered as potential carriers for hepatic localization of metronidazole.

Niosomal Entrapment of Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cylodextrin‐Methotrexate Complex as a Drug Delivery Device

An inclusion complex of methotrexate with hydroxypropyl-β-cylodextrin (HPβCyD) was prepared with a view to increase entrapment efficiency and thereby improve the anticancer activity and stability of the drug. The complex and the plain drug were entrapped in the niosomes using cholesterol, Span 60 and dicetyl phosphate. The niosomal entrapment efficiency was higher (89%) in the case of the drug-complex than with the plain drug (67%). When administered to tumour-bearing BALB/c mice at a dose of 5 mg kg−1, the complex entrapped in the niosomes produced a higher percentage increase in life span. Better stability on storage was also observed with the niosome-entrapped complex. Thus complexation of methotrexate with HPβCyD increases the efficiency of entrapment in nonionic surfactant vesicles and the entrapped complex is stable and has improved anticancer activity.

Pilocarpine β-cyclodextrin Complexation and Niosomal Entrapment

Pilocarpine HCl and β-cyclodextrin kneading complex was entrapped in niosomes followed by dispersion in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose gel. In-vitro release studies showed that the product exhibited slow release compared with release of plain drug. In-vivo studies also showed miotic action for a longer duration indicating the slow and sustained release of the niosome-entrapped complex.

Proniosome based drug delivery system of piroxicam

Piroxicam is a widely used potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, with due potential for dermal delivery. Permeation of piroxicam from proniosome based reservoir type transdermal gel formulation across excised rat abdominal skin was investigated using Keshery Chein diffusion cell. There was considerable improvement in flux over the control gel formulation. The lipid vesicles were evaluated for entrapment efficiency and vesicle size of niosomes formed. It was observed that Span 60 based formulations produced vesicles of smallest size and higher entrapment efficiency while those of Span 80 produced vesicles of least entrapment efficiency. Incorporation of lecithin further enhanced entrapment efficiency. Proniosomes were prepared by conventional technique and employing maltodextrin and sorbitol as base. The morphology of the proniosomes was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Maximum flux achieved was 35.61 μg/cm2/h, an enhancement of 7.39 times was achieved for transdermal system based on proniosomal gel as compared to control gel. Anti-inflammatory studies revealed that proniosome based transdermal drug delivery system of piroxicam were promising carriers for delivery of piroxicam. There was significant reduction in carrageenan induced rat paw inflammation compared to control. Key words: Piroxicam, niosomes, permeation enhancement, dermal delivery.