Nilotica Bark Research Articles

Study on tencel fabric dyeing with acacia nilotica bark natural dyes

This research aimed to evaluate the performance of dyes extracted from Acacia Nilotica bark on Tencel fabric dyeing. The extraction of dye was optimized by extracting dyes with different liquor ratios. The dyeing parameters were optimized under pH values from 5 to 14. The effect of different mordants was also observed to see the shades this dye can produce on Tencel fabric. The optimum dye extraction conditions for material-to-liquor ratio were found to be 1:10. The optimum pH was found to be 12. The color yield and fastness characteristics of the dyed materials were measured to assess them. It was determined that the addition of mordants affected the color values; as a result, distinct fashion hues were produced from the same dye extract by employing various mordants. This basic study of dyeing and extracting natural dye showed that this dye has the potential to be used for cellulosic fibers.

Liming potential and characteristics of biochar produced from woody and non-woody biomass at different pyrolysis temperatures

Large amount of wastes are burnt or left to decompose on site or at landfills where they cause air pollution and nutrient leaching to groundwater. Waste management strategies that return these food wastes to agricultural soils recover the carbon and nutrients that would otherwise have been lost, enrich soils and improve crop productivity. The incorporation of liming materials can neutralize the protons released, hence reducing soil acidity and its adverse impacts to the soil environment, food security, and human health. Biochar derived from organic residues is becoming a source of carbon input to soil and provides multifunctional values. Biochar can be alkaline in nature, with the level of alkalinity dependent upon the feedstock and processing conditions. This study conducted a characterization of biochar derived from the pyrolysis process of eggplant and Acacia nilotica bark at temperatures of 300 °C and 600 °C. An analysis was conducted on the biochar kinds to determine their pH, phosphorus (P), as well as other elemental composition. The proximate analysis was conducted by the ASTM standard 1762-84, while the surface morphological features were measured using a scanning electron microscope. The biochar derived from Acacia nilotica bark exhibited a greater yield and higher level of fixed carbon while possessing a lower content of ash and volatile components compared to biochar derived from eggplant. The eggplant biochar exhibits a higher liming ability at 600 °C compared to the acacia nilotica bark-derived biochar. The calcium carbonate equivalent, pH, potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) levels in eggplant biochars increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The results suggest that biochar derived from eggplant could be a beneficial resource for storing carbon in the soil, as well as for addressing soil acidity and enhancing nutrients availability, particularly potassium and phosphorus in acidic soils.

Polyphenolic characterization and biological assessment of Acacia nilotica (L.) wild. Ex delilie: An In vitro and In vivo appraisal of wound healing potential

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAcacia nilotica (L.) Wild. Ex Delilie is a shrub with significant ethnomedicinal stature. Therefore, in the undertaken study, its wound healing attributes are determined. Aim of the studyThe current study provided evidence of the traditional use of A. nilotica species and conferred A. nilotica bark extract as a potent candidate for wound healing agents. Materials & methodsA. nilotica leaves extract (ANL-E); A. nilotica bark extract (ANB-E), and A. nilotica stem extract (ANS-E) were prepared using methanol-chloroform (1:1). Phytochemical analysis was performed using gallic acid equivalent (GAE) total phenolic content (TPC), quercetin equivalent (QE) total flavonoid content (TFC) assays and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro antioxidant potential (free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay), antibacterial activity (broth microdilution method) and hemolytic analysis was carried out. Wound healing proficiency of ANB-E was determined by wound excision model followed by estimating hydroxyproline content and endogenous antioxidant markers. ResultsMaximum phenolic and flavonoid content were depicted by ANB-E i.e., 50.9 ± 0.34 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg extract and 28.7 ± 0.13 μg quercetin equivalent/mg extract, respectively. HPLC analysis unraveled the presence of a significant amount of catechin in ANL-E, ANB-E and ANS-E (54.66 ± 0.02, 44.9 ± 0.004 and 31.36 ± 0.02 μg/mg extract) respectively. Highest percent free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing action power (i.e., 93.3 ± 0.42 %, 222.10 ± 0.76, and 222.86 ± 0.54 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg extract) were exhibited by ANB-E. Maximum antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus was exhibited by ANB-E (MIC 12.5 μg/ml). Two of the extracts i.e., ANL-E and ANB-E were found biocompatible with less than 5 % hemolytic potential. Based upon findings of in vitro analysis, ANB-E (10, 5, and 2.5 % w/w, C1, C2, and C3, respectively) was selected for evaluating its in vivo wound healing potential. Maximum contraction of wound area and fastest epithelization i.e., 98 ± 0.05 % and 11.2 ± 1.00 (day) was exhibited by C1. Maximum hydroxyproline content, glutathione, catalase, and peroxidase were demonstrated by C1 i.e., 15.9 ± 0.52 μg/mg, 9.3 ± 0.17 mmol/mg, 7.2 ± 0.17 and 6.2 ± 0.14 U/mg, respectively. Maximal curbed lipid peroxidation i.e., 0.7 ± 0.15 mmol/mg was also depicted by C1. ConclusionsIn a nutshell, the current investigation endorsed the wound healing potential of ANB-E suggesting it to be an excellent candidate for future studies.

A novel vegetable tannin for eco-leather production: separation, characterization and application of facile valorized indigenous Acacia nilotica bark extract

The potential of tannin from indigenous Acacia nilotica was explored as an alternative to traditional vegetable tannin. Full Acacia tanned (FAT) leather exhibited excellent tensile strength, percentage of elongation, stitch tear strength, Bauman tear strength, tongue tear strength, grain crack load, burst load, and distension of 265.96 kg/cm2, 42 %, 124.66 kg/cm, 37.2 kg/cm, 26.7 kg/cm, 42 kg, 52 kg, and 9.87 mm, respectively, which were comparable with mimosa tanned leather. Shrinkage temperature, insoluble content, fat content, and moisture content of FAT leather were 80 °C, 79.05 ± 1.60 %, 6.07 ± 1.35 %, and 16.30 ± 1.27 %, respectively were also found similar. The tannin content of A. nilotica bark was found 12.37 % tannin. The extract contained condensed tannin similar to mimosa. The physio-mechanical properties of A. nilotica tanned leather are acceptable for shoe-upper leather. Hence, A. nilotica bark extract can be utilized to minimize the use of imported vegetable tannin and harmful chrome tanning agent.

Effects of Dietary Bioactive Lipid Compounds of Acacia nilotica Bark on Productive Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Antimicrobial Activities of Growing Rabbits under Hot Climatic Conditions.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary Acacia nilotica bark bioactive lipid compounds (ANBBLCs) as novel feed additives on the growth performance, carcass criteria, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of growing male rabbits. A total of 100 California male weanling rabbits aged 35 days were divided into four nutritional treatments, each of which contained ANBBLCs at concentrations of 0 (control group), 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg diet (n = 25 per treatment, each replication consisting of one animal). The average body weight of the animals was 613 ± 14 g. The experiments lasted for 56 days. Dietary ANBBLC levels linearly improved (p < 0.05) the body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rabbits. Furthermore, with increasing concentrations of ANBBLCs, the total antioxidant capacity of blood and liver tissue was linearly (p < 0.05) enhanced. Lactobacillus increased and Staphylococcus decreased (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group when ANBBLC levels were added to the diets of rabbits. Rabbit diets supplemented with ANBBLCs increased dressing percentages and decreased abdominal fat. This study shows that ANBBLCs can be used as a feed additive to enhance the growth performance, carcass criteria, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of growing rabbits.

Babool –Acacia Nilotica Bark Powder against Oral Microbiome

The oral microbiome is an ecosystem in itself, where some harmful bacteria that are known to cause cavities and disease. Together, both form a community called Biofilm, better known as a dental plaque. Microscopic evaluation of these biofilms indicated that Streptococcus mutans accounts for approximately 80% of the colonization. Chew sticks - twigs of babool (Accacia nilotica) nanoparticles are more promising against Streptococcus at 20 µg.

Sonochemical reassembling of Acacia nilotica bark extract mediated Mg doped WO3@g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite: A robust nanophotocatalyst

One of the most significant environmental issues of the modern era is malachite green dye wastewater due to its high toxicity, susceptibility for mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. In order to tackle this problem, we prepared Z-scheme type Mg-doped WO3 supported onto g-C3N4 ternary photocatalyst by sonochemical intercalating Mg into WO3@g-C3N4 binary composite in the Acacia nilotica bark extract medium. X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDS, HR-TEM, photoluminescence, and BET surface area analysis were used to explore the structural, morphological and surface characteristics. The findings indicated that the formation of highly crystalline with aggregated lump-based flakiness and various nano-sized crystals in stacked layers with smooth assemblies were taken place. The photoluminescence spectra illustrated that the annihilation of the plasmonic excitons was sufficiently suppressed in ternary composite. Under solar light irradiation, the designed Mg doped WO3@g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite shown better photocatalytic activity for Malachite green (MG) degradation than undoped g-C3N4 and WO3@g-C3N4 binary composite. It was also investigated how physical parameters like pH, and catalyst dose affected the photo-degradation of MG as well as examined the recyclability up to 4 cycles. The radical scavenging studies suggested that the primary species responsible for the breakdown of MG by the Mg doped WO3@g-C3N4 ternary nanophotocatalyst materials is the •O2– radicals. Photodegradation of MG followed pseudo-first order kinetics with highest rate constant 0.090 min−1 using ternary composite. The superior visible radiation absorption, enhanced surface area, improved separation efficacy of excited e--h+ couples, and the photo-generated electron movement from g-C3N4 to WO3 bands via Mg can all be contributed to the ternary WO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposite’s excellent photocatalytic performance as well as recyclability.

The effect of Acacia nilotica bark extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune response, and intestinal morphology in broilers as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter.

Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Six hundred, day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (NC, without any supplementation; AB, NC+Zinc Bacitracin; PB, NC+Safmannan; ANBE1, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.1%; ANBE3, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.3%; ANBE5, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.5%), with ten replicates per group (10 chicks/replicate) and feeding trial was lasted for 35 days. Results showed that weight gain (1,296.63 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.59) of AB was better than NC, during the finisher phase. Overall FCR of AB (1.53), PB (1.54), and ANBE5 (1.54) was significantly (p<0.05) better than NC. From carcass parameters relative weight of wing and heart were highest in ANBE3 (2.5% and 1.51%, respectively). Significantly (p<0.05) highest blood glucose level was observed in NC (264.5 mg/dL) and highest albumin concentration was found in AB (1.46 mg/dL). In addition, antibody titer levels against ND and IBD were higher in ANBE5 than NC, while higher relative weight of bursa was observed in ANBE3 than NC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in all experimental groups was better than NC. Acacia nilotica bark extract could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to support the growth in broilers.

Efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotics in broilers challenged with Escherishia coli from 15 to 28 days

The present experiment was conducted to compare the effect of Acacia nilotica bark extract and antibiotic on different biological parameters in broilers challenged with E. coli. Five hundred 2-week-old broiler chicks were divided into five treatments (Cont, NC, PC, AN-BE3, and AN-BE5) with ten replicates per treatment (10 chicks per replicate), and the experiment was extended over 2 weeks. All chicks, except that of Cont were challenged with E. coli (10$^{7}$ CFU/bird). Cont: basal diet only; NC: challenged with E. coli; PC: NC + Zinc Bacitracin 50 mg/kg diet; AN-BE3: NC + A. nilotica bark extract supplementation 0.3%; AN-BE5: NC + A. nilotica bark extract supplementation 0.5%. At the end of the experiment, one bird per replicate was selected randomly and slaughtered for sampling regarding blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology and cecal digesta. Weight gains in Cont, PC, and AN-BE5 were statistically similar but higher than that of NC. Similarly, feed conversion ratios in Cont, PC, and AN-BE5 were statistically similar but better than that of NC. The highest (p < 0.05) levels of blood glucose was observed in Cont (278.06 mg/dL) and the lowest in AN-BE5 (225.70 mg/dL). Concentrations of ALT and AST were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in PC and A. nilotica bark extract supplemented groups than the other groups. Antioxidant status of birds in PC and A. nilotica bark extract supplemented groups was comparable and better than those of NC and Cont treatments. Villus heights in PC (1063.25 μm) and AN-BE5 (1061.63 μm) were similar but higher than those of Cont (1026.50 μm) and NC (1014.75 μm). In addition, counts of Coliform and C. perfringens were significantly reduced in PC and A. nilotica bark extract supplemented groups. A. nilotica bark extract could be an alternative to antibiotics in boilers challenged with E. coli.

Antioxidant, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Impact of Acacia nilotica Bark Aqueous Extract

The medicative plants were copiously applied in the healing of health complications. Traditionally implemented, medicative-worthy Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae family), is applied globe-wide in customary healing practices. Here, we have tried to unravel the antioxidant, fungicidal, antibacterial and cytotoxic trait of A. nilotica bark aqueous extract. Phyto-content testing revealed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenols, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids. The antioxidant efficacies were 39.12 µg/ml (for DPPH assay) and 42.64 µg/ml (for NO assay) as IC50 ranges, respectively. The bark aqueous extract manifested fungicidal impact on all the screened fungal strains with the highest inhibitory zone against A. fumigatus (19.5 ± 0.45 mm). The MTT assay of bark aqueous extract registered a dose-related cytotoxic impression with 39.05 µg/ml (IC50 outcome). Hence, it emphasizes strongly that A. nilotica bark aqueous extract is a prospective therapeutic source and it is indispensable to further scrutinize its therapeutic and curative properties.

Antileishmanial Evaluation of Bark Methanolic Extract of Acacia nilotica: In Vitro and In Silico Studies.

Acacia nilotica (A. nilotica) is an important medicinal plant, found in Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Every part of the plant possesses a wide array of biologically active and therapeutically important compounds. We reported the antileishmanial activity of A. nilotica bark methanolic extract through in vitro antileishmanial assays and dissected the mechanism of its action through in silico studies. Bark methanolic extract exhibited antipromastigote and antiamastigote potential in a time and dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 19.6 ± 0.9037 and 77.52 ± 5.167 μg/mL, respectively. It showed cytotoxicity on THP-1-derived human macrophages at very high dose with a CC50 value of 432.7 ± 7.71 μg/mL. The major constituents identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, 13-docosenoic acid, lupeol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and 6-octadecanoic acid, showed effective binding with the potential drug targets of Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) including sterol 24-c-methyltransferase, trypanothione reductase, pteridine reductase, and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, suggesting the possible mechanism of its antileishmanial action. Pharmacokinetic studies on major phytoconstituents analyzed by GC–MS supported their use as safe antileishmanial drug candidates. This study proved the antileishmanial potential of bark methanolic extract A. nilotica and its mechanism of action through the inhibition of potential drug targets of L. donovani.

In vitro activities of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile bark fractions against Oral Bacteria, Glucosyltransferase and as antioxidant

BackgroundDental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic infectious oral diseases in the world. Acacia nilotica was commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt has a wide range of medicinal uses. In the present study, antibacterial activity of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sobrinus and Porphyromonas gingivalis), inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and antioxidant activity were assayed for methanolic crude extract of A. nilotica bark and its fractions.MethodsMethanoilc crude extract of A. nilotica bark was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with methanol, aqueous methanol, and finally aqueous acetone to obtain four fractions (Fr1- Fr4). Furthermore, the crude extract and fractions were subjected to analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract and its fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity against S. sobrinus and P. gingivalis using a microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as GTF inhibition and antioxidant activity using ABTS radical scavenging method.ResultsFractions (Fr1 and Fr2) exhibited MIC values of 0.3 mg/ml against the P. gingivalis. Additionally, Fr2 displayed MBC value of 1 mg/ml against two types of bacteria. Fr4 showed an especially potent GTF inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.9 μg/ml. Fr1 displayed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml. The main compound in Fr1 was identified as gallic acid, and Fr2 was mostly a mixture of gallic acid and methyl gallate.ConclusionsThe results obtained in this study provide some scientific rationale and justify the use of this plant for the treatment of dental diseases in traditional medicine. A. nilotica bark, besides their antibacterial potentiality and GTF inhibitory activity, it may be used as adjuvant antioxidants in mouthwashes. Further studies in the future are required to identify the rest of the active compounds.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Xeromphis nilotica bark extracts

This present study was carried out in Khartoum state-Sudan, during March 2019. The dried bark of Xeromphis nilotica was extracted successively with (Ethyl acetate, Ethanol) and (Methanol, Water). The phytochemical screening carried out on four different extracts of Xeromphis nilotica bark and it contain amount of secondary metabolites such as(Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Tannins, Phenols, Sterols & Triterpenes, Saponins, Flavonoids, Amino acids and Proteins were studied. The antibacterial activity of extracts were evaluated against four standard bacteria (Gram positive; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and (Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the results showed high inhibition zone (21mm) in methanol extract against Escherichia coli and low inhibition zone in aqueous extract against all bacterial strains tested.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Xeromphis nilotica bark extracts

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Xeromphis nilotica bark extracts

Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Extract Using Allium cepa Bioassay

The present study aimed to measure the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the bark of A. nilotica extract. Allium cepa assay was used to find out the effect of A. nilotica extract on chromosome structure and behavior during cell division. The root tips meristem cells were treated with different concentration of A. nilotica bark aqueous extract (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001mg/ml) for 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Cytological analysis revealed decreasing in cell division in all used concentration especially at high ones. The obtained results indicate that aqueous extracts of A. nilotica plant have the ability to decrease the (MI%) values with increasing the concentration at (P&lt;0.005). All treatments have caused different kind of mitotic abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations, such as: change percentage of mitotic phases, C-mitosis, stickiness, chromosome bridges, Micronucleus and vagrant chromosome. The action of A. nilotica bark extract on the genetic material led to decrease in dividing cells number which was concentration and time depended. This inhibition of cell division was due to disturbances in nucleus as a result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. KEY WORDS: Allium cepa assay: A. nilotica: Chromosomal aberrations; MI.

Antimicrobial Effect of Acacia Nilotica Extracts on Endodontic Microorganisms

Introduction: Acacia nilotica is widely used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial agent. Endodontic irrigations exhibit lot of disadvantages with incomplete removal of bacteria. Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the prototype irrigation against primary endodontic infections, while 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is the best for secondary endodontic infections. Aim: This study aims to examine the antimicrobial effect of Acacia nilotica against clinical isolates of endodontic microorganisms compared to traditional(NaOCl and CHX). Materials and Methods: A total of 12 random clinical samples were collected for bacterial isolation and identification. Clinical isolates were identified as (Streptococcus viridans&amp; staphylococcus aureus). A well identified candida albicans was also used. Acacia nilotica bark was collected, washed, dried and then grounded to fine powder. Specimens were percolated in methanol, filtrated, and concentrated for crude extract. Autoclaved Mueller Hinton media were used for antimicrobial sensitivity test. Microorganisms were inoculated and test material was loaded as original and 50% for 24h. Antibacterial activity was measured by zone of inhibition Results: All tested agents showed an excellent zone of inhibition against all microorganisms tested with their original concentration. Acacia nilotica showed excellent ZOI with more linear effect in both concentrations against S. viridans and S. aureus. Conclusion: Acacia nilotica has shown an excellent zone of inhibition in both original and 50% concentration, therefore, it may be an excellent substitute or adjunct irrigation solution of hebetic origin in endodontics. We recommend taking this material to the next level as an endodontic irrigant. Key words : Antimicrobial, Acacia Nilotica, Extracts , Endodontic, Microorganisms

Versatile biomedical potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Acacia nilotica bark.

The present study reports the development of potent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using bark extract of Acacia nilotica and evaluation of its wound healing, anti-biofilm, anti-cancer and anti-microbial activity. Stable, small sized nanoparticles with spherical morphology were obtained after significant optimization studies that was evaluated through UV-visible spectroscopy. Thereafter, physicochemical characterization of biosynthesized AgNPs was carried out through DLS and FESEM for evaluation of size. EDAX and FTIR were carried out for the evaluation of composition and possible functional groups involved in the reduction and capping of AgNPs. The antibacterial potential was investigated through disc diffusion assay against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Further, the Congo Red Assay (CRA) successfully revealed the anti-biofilm activity against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Alamar blue assay was conducted in A549 cells to reveal the remarkable anticancer activity of biosynthesized AgNPs that resulted in a very appreciable manner. Further, the wound healing activity of AgNPs can heal the excised wound of mice up-to 100% within 15 days. All these studies suggested that our biosynthesized AgNPs possess versatile biomedical application.

Effect of Binary and Ternary Combination of Metal Salt on Colorimetric and Fastness Characteristics of Acacia Nilotica Dyed Woolen Yarn

ABSTRACT Acacia nilotica an important medicinal plant of topical and sub-tropical regions belonging to family Fabaceae of genus Acacia is a source of many active phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) have been explored to study their useful utilization in different fields. The versatile utility of this plant as a source of timber, a source of fodder, tannin, and gum, and fuel has prompted researchers to deepen investigations for full utilization of this plant. To exploit its use as a colorant for textiles, this research study investigates for the first time pre-mordanting of wool with binary and ternary metal salt combinations using aluminum potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and stannous chloride mordants in order to develop natural and beautiful shades on wool with different hue and tone. The dyeing was carried by exhaustion method and dyed samples were analyzed using a reflective spectrophotometer in terms of CIELab and CIELch (L*, a*, b*, c*, and h°) and K/S values. Wash and light fastnesses were investigated according to ISO standards. Wool samples pre-mordanted with ferrous sulfate-stannous chloride (neutral medium) displayed the highest color strength value of 11.22 followed by ferrous sulfate-alum and alum-stannous chloride combinations. Statistical analysis of color parameters confirms the synergetic role of individual metal salts in different combinations. The results showed that 36 different shades having good to very good fastness properties were produced by the use of different metallic salt combinations in the natural dyeing of wool using A. nilotica bark extract as dye.

Adsorption of Zinc onto Microwave assisted carbonized Acacia nilotica bark

Microwave assisted carbonized Acacia nilotica bark (MACANB) was investigated as a suitable low cost adsorbent for the removal of zinc (II) ions from aqueous solutions through batch adsorption. The ability of MACANB to remove zinc (II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption has been studied under several conditions such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of Zinc (II) ion and temperature. The models of Langmuir and Freundlich were applied to describe adsorption equilibrium. Kinetics data were fitted by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The results show that the equilibrium data follow Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic data follow pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔS° and ΔH°) for adsorption system were determined at 30°C.

Biomordanting Potential of Acacia nilotica (Babul) in Conjunction with Kerria lacca and Rheum emodi Natural Dyes

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Acacia nilotica bark extract as a potential source of biomordant for the development of ecofriendly shades of varying hue and tone in conjunction with Kerria lacca (Lac) and Rheum emodi (Himalayan rhubarb) natural dyes. The colorimetric analysis of K. lacca and R. emodi natural dyes were evaluated onto the woolen yarn samples adopting pre-mordanting technique using 1.0–5.0% (o.w.f.) A. nilotica as biomordant. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram with hues shifted toward red region for K. lacca and toward yellow region for R. emodi dyed samples. The color strength (K/S) values were found to increase with increase in the concentration of biomordant and were found highest for 5.0% (o.w.f.) A. nilotica mordanted samples. Color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing, rubbing for the developed shades ranged between good to very good ratings of 4–5 on grey scale, confirming the possibility of using A. nilotica bark extract as a potential source of biomordant for enhancing the colorimetric and fastness characteristics of dyed woolen yarn samples.