Abstract
This present study was carried out in Khartoum state-Sudan, during March 2019. The dried bark of Xeromphis nilotica was extracted successively with (Ethyl acetate, Ethanol) and (Methanol, Water). The phytochemical screening carried out on four different extracts of Xeromphis nilotica bark and it contain amount of secondary metabolites such as(Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Tannins, Phenols, Sterols & Triterpenes, Saponins, Flavonoids, Amino acids and Proteins were studied. The antibacterial activity of extracts were evaluated against four standard bacteria (Gram positive; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and (Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the results showed high inhibition zone (21mm) in methanol extract against Escherichia coli and low inhibition zone in aqueous extract against all bacterial strains tested.
Highlights
Xeromphis nilotica belong to Rubiaceae family, is the medicine plant that distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [1], the genus Xeromphis is represented in Sudan by one species, namely Xeromphis nilotica(Stapf) Keay [2], which is widespread in Central and East Africa as well as inCameroon and Nigeria [3]
Xiromphis nilotica bark was collected from Elsalihen area, locality of algoze, South kordofan State- Sudanand identified in herbarium of natural research Centre and compared with herbarium of Faculty of Science University of Khartoum
The Xeromphis nilotica bark found to be good source of (Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Carbohydrates, Tannins, Phenols, Sterols &Triterpenes, Saponins and Amino acids).The antibacterial assay shows that all of the extracts were found to be active against the tested pathogens, but the aqueous extract of the plant shows minimum activity against staphyllococcus aureus at concentration 12.5 when compared with other extracts
Summary
Xeromphis nilotica belong to Rubiaceae family, is the medicine plant that distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [1], the genus Xeromphis is represented in Sudan by one species, namely Xeromphis nilotica(Stapf) Keay [2], which is widespread in Central and East Africa as well as inCameroon and Nigeria [3] It is known as Shagart-Elmarfaein [4].It grows as a medium height shrub (usually less than 3 m) with grey globose drupes, stiff spines, and deciduous leaves clustered below the spines [5], it is use in different traditional medicines systems of Sudan for antispasmodic, anti-dysenteric, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-fertility properties [6,7,8,9,10]. The medicinal plants contain a number of secondary metabolites compounds such as alkaloids‚ flavonoids‚ tannins‚ saponins‚ amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, Phenol, Sterols &Triterpenes[12], the traditional medicinal plants are increase in both developing and industrialized countries.[14]reported thatboth literate and illiterate people still use local plants as drugs in many conditions [15].
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