Night Of Sleep Deprivation Research Articles

One night of sleep deprivation impairs executive function but does not affect psychomotor or motor performance.

The current study assessed the impact of one night of sleep deprivation on cognitive, motor and psychomotor performance. Thirty healthy young adult male subjects completed a 24 h control or 24 h sleep deprived trial. For the control trial, participants (N = 15) were allowed normal night sleep (~8 h). For the sleep deprived trial, participants (N = 15) did not sleep for 24 h. Cognitive performance during go/no-go, Stroop and simple reaction tasks, psychomotor performance during speed-accuracy tasks with fixed and unfixed targets, and motor performance during countermovement jump, hand grip strength, and 30-s maximal voluntary contraction tasks were evaluated on day 1 at 8 am and 7 pm and on day 2 at 8 am. One night of sleep deprivation impaired psychological well-being and executive function but did not affect simple reaction time, the capacity for arm and leg muscle contraction, motor control performance during a speed–accuracy task with both fixed and unfixed targets, and central and peripheral motor fatigue in the 30 s maximal voluntary contraction task. The present study showed that one night of sleep deprivation resulted in executive function deterioration but did not modify motor control or maximal effort requiring performance of motor tasks.

Unsafe Chewing: Choking and Other Risks

Unsafe Chewing: Choking and Other Risks

Sleep deprivation impairs affordance perception behavior during an action boundary accuracy assessment

ObjectivesAstronauts must adapt behaviors to changing affordances (action possibilities) when exposed to operational stressors such as sleep deprivation. The inability to correctly perceive affordances may cause astronauts to attempt behaviors that place them at greater risk. This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on affordance perception performance during 30-day NASA Human Exploration Research Analog missions. MethodsSixteen participants completed a perception-action coupling task (PACT) over days 22–25 of the missions. Participants completed sessions on day 22 (1800) and 24 (1200 and 1730) under normal sleep conditions and sessions on day 25 (0430, 1200 and 1445) after a night of sleep deprivation. During PACT, participants judge whether virtual balls afford posting (can fit) through virtual apertures. The ratio of ball-to-aperture size ranges from 0.2 to 1.8 (afforded trials <1, unafforded trials >1). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of time and trial type (afforded versus unafforded) on response time (RST) and accuracy (ACC). ResultsFor RST, significant main effects of time (F2.666, 39.984 = 7.685, p = 0.001) and trial type (F1, 15 = 17.554, p = 0.001) were observed. Afforded RST was greater than unafforded RST. ACC decreased across time (F2.724, 20.939 = 5.137, p = 0.005) but did not differ between trial types. No significant interaction effects were observed. ConclusionDecrements in affordance-based behaviors were observed under increasing levels of sleep deprivation and subjects responded slower to trials where the task-specific affordance was available. These decrements may relate to changes in operational performance.

The efficiency of EEG-monitoring in a diagnosis of epilepsy

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of EEG monitoring in the diagnosis of epilepsy. We studied 94 PE. All patients had an EEG with using functional loads (eye opening, photostimulation, hyperventilation), 31 people (14 men and 17 women, mean age 27 years) were conducted to EEG-monitoring with night sleep deprivation, a few days after EEG. We used the 21-channel electroencephalograph ";“Telepath";” for the EEG. The electrodes were located on the surface of the head of the International System ";“10–20";”. The PA on EEG was detected only in 58.51% of patients, in 41.49% of PE - was absent. The EEG-monitoring allowed additional PA detection in 25.51% PE, in 54.83% of patients, paroxysms significantly increased during sleep and in areas of awakenings. The PA has become more frequent, increased its amplitude and duration, it has become significantly more likely to include epileptiform patterns as spikes, sharp waves, complexes ";“spike-wave";”, ";“multiple spike-wave";”, ";“sharp-slow wave";”. The EEG-monitoring in 45.16% of PE allowed to specify the shape of the PA, the localization of epileptic focus, the level of involvement of the brain stem. In general, we can talk about increasing the efficiency of diagnosing epilepsy by 70.67% using the EEG monitoring with night sleep deprivation.The EEG-monitoring is an effective method for the diagnosis of epilepsy. The advantage of this method is a significant increase in the quantity and quality of clinically relevant information that makes it possible to significantly improve the accuracy, reliability and informativity of electroencephalographic diagnosis of epilepsy.

The effects of caffeine on the diurnal variation of the reaction time and short-term maximal performance after one night of sleep deprivation

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion and one night of total sleep deprivation on the diurnal variation of cognitive and short-term maximal performances. In a randomized order, thirteen active male completed eight test sessions at 08:00 h and 18:00 h after a placebo or caffeine ingestion (5 mg•kg-1) after a reference night (RN) or a night of total sleep deprivation (TDN). During each session participants performed the simple and the choice reaction time (SRT and CRT), the profile of mood states (POMS), the squat jump (SJ) and the 30-s Wingate tests (peak (PP) and mean (MP) powers and the fatigue index (FI)). After RN, PP, MP and SJ improved significantly from the morning to the afternoon (P<0.001). In the placebo condition compared to RN, they decreased significantly after TSD only in the afternoon (p<0.001). However, POMS, SRT and CRT increased significantly after TSD (p<0.001). The caffeine ingestion improved PP, SRT, CRT and POMS after TSD compared to RN (p<0.001) and SJ after the two sleep conditions (p<0.001). Therefore, POMS, SRT, CRT and physical performances are time-of-day dependent and caffeine is an effective strategy to counteract the effect of sleep loss on these performances.

The effects of a single night of complete and partial sleep deprivation on physical and cognitive performance: A Bayesian analysis

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of complete and partial sleep deprivation on multiple aspects of athletic performance. Ten males completed a cognitive function test, maximal handgrip strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) and a 15 min all out cycling test to assess aerobic performance. These tests were performed following 3 different sleep conditions; normal sleep (CON), a 4 hr sleep opportunity (PART) and complete sleep deprivation (DEP). Data were analysed using a Bayesian multi-level regression model to provide probabilities of impairment (p = %). Aerobic performance, CMJ and handgrip strength were impaired by 11.4% (p = 100%), 10.9% (p = 100%) and 6% (p = 97%) following DEP, while aerobic performance and CMJ were highly likely impaired by 4.1% (p = 90%) and 5.2% (p = 94%) following PART. Cognitive reaction time was not impacted by PART or DEP. In contrast the accuracy of responses was highly likely impaired by 2% (91) following DEP, while there was less certainty of impaired accuracy following PART (−1%, p = 73). Multiple aspects of physical and cognitive performance were impacted by sleep deprivation. The greatest detrimental effects were seen for aerobic performance and CMJ. Partial sleep deprivation equating to 4 hrs of sleep causes subtle, but potentially important negative impairments on athletic performance.

Vulnerability to mood degradation during sleep deprivation is influenced by white-matter compactness of the triple-network model

Sleep deprivation (SD) is often associated with significant shifts in mood state relative to baseline functioning. Prior work suggests that there are consistent trait-like differences among individuals in the degree to which their mood and performances are affected by sleep loss. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which trait-like individual differences in vulnerability/resistance to mood degradation during a night of SD are dependent upon region-specific white and grey matter (WM/GM) characteristics of a triple-network model, including the default-mode network (DMN), control-execution network (CEN) and salience network (SN). Diffusion-weighted and anatomical brain data were collected from 45 healthy individuals several days prior to a 28-h overnight SD protocol. During SD, a visual analog mood scale was administered every hour from 19:15 (time point1; TP1) to 11:15 (TP17) the following morning to measure two positive and six negative mood states. Four core regions within the DMN, five within the CEN, and seven within the SN were used as regions of interest (ROIs). An index of mood resistance (IMR) was defined as the averaged differences between positive and negative mood states over 12 TPs (TP5 to TP16) relative to baseline (TP1 to TP4). For each ROI, characteristics of WM – quantitative anisotropy (QA) and mean curvature index (WM-MCI), and GM – cortical volume (CV) and GM-MCI were estimated, and used to predict IMR. WM characteristics, particularly QA, of all of regions within the DMN, and most of the regions within the CEN and SN predicted IMR during SD. In contrast, most ROIs did not show significant association between IMR and any of the GM characteristics (CV and MCI) or WM MCI. Our findings suggest that greater resilience to mood degradation induced by total SD appears to be associated with more compact axonal pathways within the DMN, CEN and SN.

Classifying attentional vulnerability to total sleep deprivation using baseline features of Psychomotor Vigilance Test performance

There are strong individual differences in performance during sleep deprivation. We assessed whether baseline features of Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) performance can be used for classifying participants’ relative attentional vulnerability to total sleep deprivation. In a laboratory, healthy adults (n = 160, aged 18–30 years) completed a 10-min PVT every 2 h while being kept awake for ≥24 hours. Participants were categorized as vulnerable (n = 40), intermediate (n = 80), or resilient (n = 40) based on their number of PVT lapses during one night of sleep deprivation. For each baseline PVT (taken 4–14 h after wake-up time), a linear discriminant model with wrapper-based feature selection was used to classify participants’ vulnerability to subsequent sleep deprivation. Across models, classification accuracy was about 70% (range 65–76%) using stratified 5-fold cross validation. The models provided about 78% sensitivity and 86% specificity for classifying resilient participants, and about 70% sensitivity and 89% specificity for classifying vulnerable participants. These results suggest features derived from a single 10-min PVT at baseline can provide substantial, but incomplete information about a person’s relative attentional vulnerability to total sleep deprivation. In the long term, modeling approaches that incorporate baseline performance characteristics can potentially improve personalized predictions of attentional performance when sleep deprivation cannot be avoided.

Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations.

For elite athletes who exercise at a high level, sleep is critical to overall health. Many studies have documented the effects of sleep deprivation in the general population, but few studies exist regarding specific effects in the athlete. This review summarizes the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep extension on athletic performance, including reaction time, accuracy, strength and endurance, and cognitive function. There are clear negative effects of sleep deprivation on performance, including reaction time, accuracy, vigor, submaximal strength, and endurance. Cognitive functions such as judgment and decision-making also suffer. Sleep extension can positively affect reaction times, mood, sprint times, tennis serve accuracy, swim turns, kick stroke efficiency, and increased free throw and 3-point accuracy. Banking sleep (sleep extension prior to night of intentional sleep deprivation before sporting event) is a new concept that may also improve performance. For sports medicine providers, the negative effects of sleep deprivation cannot be overstated to athletes. To battle sleep deprivation, athletes may seek supplements with potentially serious side effects; improving sleep quality however is simple and effective, benefiting not only athlete health but also athletic performance.

Vigilance declines following sleep deprivation are associated with two previously identified dynamic connectivity states

Robustly linking dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) states to behaviour is important for establishing the utility of the method as a functional measurement. We previously used a sliding window approach to identify two dynamic connectivity states (DCS) related to vigilance. A new sample of 32 healthy participants underwent two sets of task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans, once in a well-rested state and once after a single night of total sleep deprivation. Using a temporal difference method, DFC and clustering analysis on the task-free fMRI data revealed five centroids that were highly correlated with those found in previous work. In particular, two of these states were associated with high and low arousal respectively. Individual differences in vulnerability to sleep deprivation were measured by assessing state-related changes in Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) performance. Changes in the duration spent in each of the arousal states from the well-rested to the sleep-deprived condition correlated with declines in PVT performance. The reproducibility of DFC measures and their association with vigilance highlight their utility in serving as a neuroimaging method with behavioural relevance. (178 words).

Assessment of postural control after sleep deprivation with a low-cost portable force plate.

It is well-known that acute sleep deprivation affects negatively postural control. The analysis of sleep quality during long periods and its impact on motor control and learning performance are crucial aspects of human health. Nevertheless, there is conflicting evidence regarding which postural control variables are more prone to change due to sleep deprivation. Moreover, very few clinicians have at their disposal expensive force plates to measure such variables, so the use of a low-cost portable device could be very interesting. Therefore, we aimed to identify which posture control variables, obtained from a low-cost plate, are more sensitive to sleep deprivation. In order to do so, we have performed a set of experiments with volunteers before and after a night without sleep. Eight participants took part of the study and had their balance measured by a Wii Balance Board before and after one night of sleep deprivation. They were asked to keep a quiet stance on top of the plate with their eyes open and closed, in a balanced design. The main results showed that, regardless the visual information, sleep deprivation has deepest impact on the anterior-posterior center of pressure displacement. Sleep deprivation without visual information had a more pronounced (large effect size) impact on the mean sway in the anterior-posterior direction and its distribution variation. The information that sleep deprivation has a more meaningful impact on anterior-posterior center of pressure excursion may help clinicians and healthcare professionals to better deal with its implications.

Sleep deprivation and Modafinil affect cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms in healthy young adults

ObjectiveIt has been reported that sleep deprivation affects the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning the vigilance. Here, we tested the following hypotheses in the PharmaCog project (www.pharmacog.org): (i) sleep deprivation may alter posterior cortical delta and alpha sources of resting state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms in healthy young adults; (ii) after the sleep deprivation, a vigilance enhancer may recover those rsEEG source markers. MethodsrsEEG data were recorded in 36 healthy young adults before (Pre-sleep deprivation) and after (Post-sleep deprivation) one night of sleep deprivation. In the Post-sleep deprivation, these data were collected after a single dose of PLACEBO or MODAFINIL. rsEEG cortical sources were estimated by eLORETA freeware. ResultsIn the PLACEBO condition, the sleep deprivation induced an increase and a decrease in posterior delta (2–4 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) source activities, respectively. In the MODAFINIL condition, the vigilance enhancer partially recovered those source activities. ConclusionsThe present results suggest that posterior delta and alpha source activities may be both related to the regulation of human brain arousal and vigilance in quiet wakefulness. SignificanceFuture research in healthy young adults may use this methodology to preselect new symptomatic drug candidates designed to normalize brain arousal and vigilance in seniors with dementia.

The Effects of Caffeine Intake on Cardiovascular Parameters in Sleep Deprived Medical Residents

Physicians and medical residents are particularly affected by sleep deprivation are, especially in East European countries. The aim of our study is to analyze the effect of caffeine intake on cardiovascular functions in sleep deprived residents (clinicians in-training) after continuous 24h on-call duty. 26 medical residents aged between 22-33 years old, 12 men and 14 women, who began their activity at 2 pm were included. Each subject consumed coffee or caffeinated drinks such as Coca cola during this period, after 2 am, expressed in caffeine units. We have evaluated their cardiovascular function using impedance cardiography (ICG-M501) and blood pressure measurement using the manometric method, before (at 7 pm) and after caffeine consumption (at 7 am), during one night of on-call duty. Surprisingly, after caffeine consumption, all subjects have had a decrease of the heart rate after one night of sleep deprivation (from mean: 83 b/min before to 69.73 b/min after, p = 0.000), also the mean arterial blood pressure is lower after the overnight call (from mean: 95.3 mmHg before to 88.9 mmHg after). Moreover, cardiac output, stroke volume and cardiac index decreases along with an increase of peripheral vascular resistance. Caffeine intake exerts a paradoxical effect on sleep deprived subjects; acute sleep loss, due to continuously, intense on-call work, modifies several cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate, blood pressures, stroke volume and cardiac output.

Can the Combination of Acute Alcohol Intake and One Night of Sleep Deprivation Affect Neuromuscular Performance in Healthy Male Adults? A Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rodrigues, R, Franke, RA, Teixeira, BC, Macedo, RCO, Diefenthaeler, F, Baroni, BM, and Vaz, MA. Can the combination of acute alcohol intake and one night of sleep deprivation affect neuromuscular performance in healthy male adults? A cross-over randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1244-1251, 2019-The aim of this work was to perform a cross-over study to compare isolated and combined effects of alcohol intake and sleep deprivation on neuromuscular responses. Ten young and physically active male subjects were allocated to 4 conditions: (a) placebo intake + normal sleep (PLA + SLE); (b) alcohol intake + normal sleep (ALC + SLE); (c) placebo intake + sleep deprivation (PLA + SDP); and (d) alcohol intake + sleep deprivation (ALC + SDP). In each condition, volunteers ingested 1 g of alcohol per kg of body mass of alcoholic beer or nonalcoholic beer (placebo), followed by one night of normal sleep or sleep deprivation. In the next morning, neuromuscular performance (knee extensor isometric and concentric peak torque and time to task failure during the endurance test) and muscle activation were assessed. No differences were observed in the neuromuscular performance. We observed a significant reduction in quadriceps activation during the knee extensor isometric test in ALC + SDP compared with PLA + SLE (-20.8%; p = 0.02; d = 0.56). Our results demonstrated that acute alcohol intake and one night of sleep deprivation reduced quadriceps muscle activation without impact on neuromuscular performance.

Role of Post-Learning Sleep in the Recognition Memory for Faces and Scenes

Research suggests that post-learning sleep benefits recognition of declarative memories when compared with partial sleep deprivation. The deprivation of sleep hinders with the transfer of hippocampal memories to the neocortex while sleep promotes this transfer. The present study tries to evaluate whether recognition memory for faces and scenes are benefitted by post-learning sleep over sleep deprivation. Additionally, we were interested in testing the effects of stimuli (face, scene) valence (positive, negative, neutral) on recognition memory. The present study used a repeated measure design where each subject was tested across nights of sleep and sleep deprivation. Twelve males categorized pictures of faces and scenes as valence or neutral at learning that was followed by eight hours of sleep or sleep deprivation. Thirty-six hours later, following a night of recovery sleep, subjects returned for a retrieval session where they made old/new judgments for face and scene stimuli. The result of the experiment suggests that post learning sleep improves recognition memory for test stimuli and that faces significantly better recognized than scenes. Additionally, results from the present experiment suggest that valence of stimuli (face, scene) does not play a decisive role in the recognition of faces and scenes at retrieval.

The effect of sleep deprivation on objective and subjective measures of facial appearance.

The faces of people who are sleep deprived are perceived by others as looking paler, less healthy and less attractive compared to when well rested. However, there is little research using objective measures to investigate sleep-loss-related changes in facial appearance. We aimed to assess the effects of sleep deprivation on skin colour, eye openness, mouth curvature and periorbital darkness using objective measures, as well as to replicate previous findings for subjective ratings. We also investigated the extent to which these facial features predicted ratings of fatigue by others and could be used to classify the sleep condition of the person. Subjects (n=181) were randomised to one night of total sleep deprivation or a night of normal sleep (8-9hr in bed). The following day facial photographs were taken and, in a subset (n=141), skin colour was measured using spectrophotometry. A separate set of participants (n=63) later rated the photographs in terms of health, paleness and fatigue. The photographs were also digitally analysed with respect to eye openness, mouth curvature and periorbital darkness. The results showed that neither sleep deprivation nor the subjects' sleepiness was related to differences in any facial variable. Similarly, there was no difference in subjective ratings between the groups. Decreased skin yellowness, less eye openness, downward mouth curvature and periorbital darkness all predicted increased fatigue ratings by others. However, the combination of appearance variables could not be accurately used to classify sleep condition. These findings have implications for both face-to-face and computerised visual assessment of sleep loss and fatigue.

Neural correlates of dynamic changes in working memory performance during one night of sleep deprivation.

Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is common in modern society leading to deterioration of multiple aspects of cognition. Dynamic interaction effect of circadian rhythmicity and homeostatic sleep pressure on sustained attention have been intensively investigated, while how this effect was represented on performance and cerebral responses to working memory, another important element of many neurobehavioral tasks, was not well elucidated. Thirty-six healthy subjects with intermediate chronotype performed the Sternberg working-memory task (SWMT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging every 2 hr from 10:00 p.m. on the first day to 6:00 a.m. on the second day. Using data from three imaging sessions (10:00 p.m., 04:00 a.m., and 06:00 a.m.), we found that the slowest SWMT reaction time and weakest cerebral responses were not at the end of TSD (06:00 a.m.) but during the early morning (04:00 a.m.) hours of the TSD. In addition, during this worst period of TSD, reaction time for the SWMT were found to be negatively correlated with task-related activation in the angular gyrus and positively correlated with the degree of negative correlation between the control and default networks. Our results revealed a rebound of SWMT reaction time and cerebral responses after the mid-time point of regular biological sleep night and provided more evidence that different cognitive tasks are differentially affected by sleep loss and circadian rhythmicity.

Positivity Effect and Working Memory Performance Remains Intact in Older Adults After Sleep Deprivation.

Background: Older adults perform better in tasks which include positive stimuli, referred to as the positivity effect. However, recent research suggests that the positivity effect could be attenuated when additional challenges such as stress or cognitive demands are introduced. Moreover, it is well established that older adults are relatively resilient to many of the adverse effects of sleep deprivation. Our aim was to investigate if the positivity effect in older adults is affected by one night of total sleep deprivation using an emotional working memory task.Methods: A healthy sample of 48 older adults (60-72 years) was either sleep deprived for one night (n = 24) or had a normal night’s sleep (n = 24). They performed an emotional working memory n-back (n = 1 and 3) task containing positive, negative and neutral pictures.Results: Performance in terms of accuracy and reaction times was best for positive stimuli and worst for negative stimuli. This positivity effect was not altered by sleep deprivation. Results also showed that, despite significantly increased sleepiness, there was no effect of sleep deprivation on working memory performance. A working memory load × valence interaction on the reaction times revealed that the beneficial effect of positive stimuli was only present in the 1-back condition.Conclusion: While the positivity effect and general working memory abilities in older adults are intact after one night of sleep deprivation, increased cognitive demand attenuates the positivity effect on working memory speed.

CHRONIC LACK OF SLEEP IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED SPORTS INJURY IN ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background:Although sleep has been identified as an important modifiable risk factor for sports injury, the effect of decreased sleep on sports injuries in adolescents is poorly studied.Purpose:To ...

Sleep deprivation and its effects on communication during individual and collaborative tasks

Sleep loss has been shown to cause impairments in a number of aspects central for successful communication, ranging from poorer linguistic comprehension to alterations in speech prosody. However, the effect of sleep loss on actual communication is unknown. This study investigated how a night of sleep deprivation affected performance during multiple tasks designed to test verbal communication. Healthy participants (N = 183) spent 8–9 hours per night in bed for three nights and were then randomised to either one night of total sleep deprivation or a fourth night with 8–9 hours in bed. The following day, participants completed two tasks together with another participant: a model-building task and a word-description task. Differences in performance of these tasks were assessed alongside speaking duration, speaking volume, and speaking volume consistency. Additionally, participants individually completed a verbal fluency assessment. Performance on the model-building task was worse if the model-builder was sleep deprived, whereas sleep deprivation in the instruction-giver predicted an improvement. Word-description, verbal fluency, speech duration, speaking volume, and speaking volume consistency were not affected. The results suggest that sleep deprivation leads to changes in communicative performance during instructive tasks, while simpler word-description tasks appear resilient.