Night Of August Research Articles

“We Have Them Whipped Here”: Lynching and the Rule of Law in Lima, Ohio

“We Have Them Whipped Here”Lynching and the Rule of Law in Lima, Ohio Perry Bush (bio) In the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the small industrial city of Lima, Ohio, was deeply shaken by two different incidents of racial violence. The stories of both incidents—one in 1888 and a second in 1916—are intertwined. Together they illustrate, this essay will argue, a good deal about such fundamental matters in Ohio history as Gilded Age–and Progressive Era–race relations, a cultural clash between older and newer models of justice, and the final, emerging triumph of the rule of law. Patterns of extralegal violence were not uncommon in nineteenth-century Ohio, and their emergence in Lima was not especially unique. As scholars of lynching like Michael Pfeifer make clear, extralegal violence had a history in the Midwest that predated the Civil War and accelerated after it. One scholar counted 28 lynchings in Ohio between 1856 and 1932, 45 in Illinois, and a staggering 66 in Indiana during roughly the same period.1 Such violent expressions were the surface manifestations of American racism, grinding away like cultural tectonic plates deep beneath the nation’s political/cultural surface. The same forces produced the legal structures of Jim Crow segregation—de jure in the South, de facto across much of the North and West—and the subsequent relegation of African Americans to a secondary and subordinate place in [End Page 7] American life. Indeed, it is possible to read Lima’s first episode of overt racial violence, the Election Day riot of 1888, as a local reflection of these wider cultural and legal patterns. However, it is Lima’s response to a second and more massive outbreak of racial violence—two attempted lynchings in late August 1916—that sent its history down a different channel. Certainly, the initial story proceeded along the usual channels, with a perceived sexual assault, a hate-filled mob screaming for the blood of the offender, and some authorities too cowed or overpowered to intervene. Yet at that point Lima’s story deviated from the grim and nightmarish conclusions that such narratives usually arrived at elsewhere. No bodies ended up swinging from trees or lampposts. Courts and prosecutors swung into motion and packed the ringleaders of the mob off to prison. Moreover, the events of that night became a critical turning point; these were the last such attempted lynchings in state history.2 In this manner, the story of that August night in Lima, and subsequent developments that cemented the rule of law in the state, suggests the city might yet stand as a more hopeful beacon on the bleak landscape of American racism. Over the past two or more decades, the historical scholarship of lynching has undergone a metamorphosis that casts new light on the significance of events in Lima. As late as 1990, several historians have recently argued, the field of lynching scholarship languished in “oblivion” before a new set of scholars emerged. They reinvigorated the field by pushing their explorations in new directions, both conceptually in the reconstructed South and then beyond it. A host of new analyses have appeared: of lynchings of Mexican Americans in the West and Southwest; of Latino, Asian, and working-class whites by western vigilante mobs; and of white and African American victims across the Midwest.3 A key conceptual breakthrough in recent years has been the increased attention paid to the victims of lynchings, and a more careful scholarly sifting of the various subcultures out of which both mob violence, and resistance to it, emerged.4 One of the foremost recent interpreters of American lynching has argued persuasively that its slow and final decline across the country in the later nineteenth [End Page 8] to mid-twentieth centuries represented the final triumph of the rule of law. The process was slow, uneven, and its final victory was by no means assured. The rule of law, Michael Pfiefer argues, only triumphed after a long struggle between two contending groups of political/cultural combatants. Its “due process” advocates were “lawyers, entrepreneurs, clergy, and some editors,” propelled by new humanitarian commitments and an “inclination toward social engineering.” Some of them moved...

Short moan call reveals seasonal occurrence and diel-calling pattern of crabeater seals in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

ABSTRACT Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) are an important component of the Southern Ocean as they are the most abundant pinniped species in this krill-based ecosystem; however, their acoustic repertoire and ecology remain to be fully described. Seasonal occurrence and diel-calling pattern of crabeater seal off the Maud Rise, eastern Weddell Sea, are described using passive acoustic monitoring data collected over 8 months (mid-January to mid-September) in 2014. We describe a new call type of crabeater seals, the short moan call (mean 90% duration: 2.2 ± 0.3 (SD) s, peak frequency: 596.5 ± 109.4 Hz, and frequency range: 122–1024 Hz), which was the only detected call type and 1871 calls were enumerated. Those crabeater seal calls were detected from April until mid-September (with peak in calling around September), which coincided with the appearance of sea ice. Short moan call rates were highest at night in August (i.e., 6.4 calls per minute) and September, and showed no diel variations for April through July. Distance to the sea ice edge and month of the year were the most important predictors of call occurrence and call rates of crabeater seals. This study highlights the Maud Rise as a useful habitat for this species.

Acceptance of a homestay program and attitude toward community medicine among medical students.

In community-based medical education, opportunities for medical students to interact with local residents are important. To facilitate such interaction, we aimed to evaluate acceptance of a homestay program and attitude toward community medicine among medical students. The participants (n = 39) were allowed to stay in the local homes of residents for one night in August 2016, 2017, and 2018. Before and after the homestays, the students responded to a self-reported questionnaire using the visual analog scale (VAS; 0-100 mm). The questionnaire included four questions on homestay/community medical training and community medicine and four questions about attitude toward community medicine in the local areas of medical students. Then, we compared the VAS scores before and after training. The VAS scores for all questions about homestay/community medical training and community medicine significantly increased: "Is it worthwhile for you to have experience in the field of community medicine," "Did you find the homestay enjoyable," "Does the homestay add educational significance to the program," and "Is direct interaction with residents meaningful?" For the two questions about attitude toward community medicine, the VAS scores significantly increased: "Is there a challenge to practicing community medicine" and "In the future, do you want to work in Tamba area where you stayed?" The medical students were extremely enthusiastic about the educational program for community medicine involving residential homestays, which improved their attitudes toward practicing community medicine. Moreover, the students appreciated that their training sites could become their future workplaces.

Painting the Past: History, Memory, and Community in Modern Ohio

Painting the PastHistory, Memory, and Community in Modern Ohio Stuart D. Hobbs (bio) introduction On August 22, 2017, in Columbus, Ohio, unidentified individuals decapitated a bronze statue of a Confederate soldier who stood in Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery on the west side of the city. A few days earlier, in Franklin, Ohio, southeast of Dayton, a boulder bearing a plaque honoring General Robert E. Lee disappeared from its site on the side of the Dixie Highway. The city manager claimed the monument was in the highway right-of-way and that was why public works employees removed it during the night of August 16. Township trustee Traci Stivers reported that "our residents overwhelmingly let us know they wanted it back up." In June 2018, the rock and plaque again went on public display at a site elsewhere in the county on land owned by a fraternal order.1 Ohio, of course, is known for its strong support for the Union during the Civil War, and, despite the strength of Copperheads, Union monuments are much more prominent. Both incidents took place in the days and weeks following violent clashes in Charlottesville, Virginia, between white supremacists and supporters of pluralist democracy. The removal of a statue of Lee sparked the protest and counterprotest that resulted in one death. The event was just the most tragic in a series of controversies across the South and the [End Page 47] nation, as citizens grappled with the legacy of commemorative art honoring Confederate leaders.2 Not all public art of the past is presently controversial. But as historian Dell Upton reminds us, "all monuments have a message." Public art and monuments are directed to an audience the creators believed needed a certain message. The Civil War monuments up for discussion (or removal) today were almost all erected in the years from 1880 to the 1930s, a time Upton characterized as a major period for commemoration in the United States. These were years of "national ascent" but also "years of uncertainty, of economic instability and social disorder." Thus, Upton concludes, "Although these monuments appear to be the confident gestures of a newly powerful nation, they are better understood as reassertions of values that monument builders believed needed reinforcement amid turmoil." Particularly in government buildings such as state capitols and courthouses, history murals from the time depicted highlights from the history of the state or created an allegorical scene that interpreted the meaning of the state's history. These paintings presented a narrative of the past that functioned as a public, collective memory. That narrative typically told a heroic story that defined the significance of the past of the state or city and implicitly placed the viewer of that story in the position of carrying on the heroic tradition. Whether allegorical or realistic in their portrayals, these paintings usually depicted an idealized past. Indeed, sometimes the seemingly realistic images, because they were so vivid, were more effective than allegory in idealizing the past.3 Thus, public historical art asks us to remember, but remember in a certain way. Because of this, Upton continues, "monuments always say more about the people, times and places of their creation than they do about the people, [End Page 48] times and places they honor." As time passes, the audience changes, and so does the message. Sometimes the result is controversy; sometimes incomprehension. Sometimes communities are just left with a quaint remnant from the past. In all cases, if looked at closely, public commemorative art provides us a window on the past and the values that animated at least some of those who lived there. For while the creators of public art invariably "claim to speak for everyone," this claim is, Upton says, the "fundamental, necessary fiction of monuments." As the controversy over Confederate monuments illustrates, with the passage of time, that fiction can become impossible to sustain. In the pluralist and contentious public culture that exists in the contemporary United States and Ohio, those who feel left out of current or past dialogues no longer accept that others can speak for them. They have voices, and they have agency. These facts create a difficult context for the creation of works...

The "Malestrom" at Christie Pits: Jewish Masculinity and the Toronto Riot of 1933

The night of August 16, 1933 witnessed one of the most brutal riots in Canadian history. When Nazi sympathizers waved a swastika flag at a baseball game in Toronto’s Christie Pits park, Jewish players and spectators retaliated. For the next six hours, thousands of Jewish and gentile teenage boys attacked each other with unprecedented ferocity. As the issue of Jewish masculinity at Christie Pits has gone largely unexplored, two questions arise for the gender historian: to what extent did gender play a role in the actions of the Jewish rioters?; and how has gender shaped the way the riot is remembered in the Jewish community? This article argues that Jewish masculinity helped shape both the character and collective memory of the riot through the “macho-mensch” model, which highlighted the attributes of male physicality, ethics, and Jewish identity, and which excluded the role and commemoration of women.

War against “Internal Enemies”: Dr. Franz Lucas's Sterilization of Sinti and Roma in Ravensbrück Men's Camp in January 1945

AbstractFollowing the passing of the “Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Genetic Diseases” in July 1933, sterilization became a means to tighten the borders of the German ethnic community against outsiders, including Sinti and Roma. For a while, Sinti soldiers were spared sterilization. After Himmler's Auschwitz decree of December 1942, they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. They escaped the extermination of other Sinti and Roma in the Zigeunerlager on the night of August 2, 1944, only because they represented a human shield deployable against advancing Russian troops. Still, the Reich insisted on sterilizing them and their families before placing them in front of enemy guns because they were still considered “internal enemies.” As a result, some forty Sinti men and boys were sterilized by Dr. Franz Lucas in the men's camp in Ravensbrück in January 1945. Focusing on their story challenges Lucas's portrayal as the victim of SS practices, a narrative that long benefitted from the testimony of non-Sinti prisoners. In addition, compensation agencies in Germany underestimated the ongoing effects of psychological trauma resulting from sterilization. Sinti victims who were subjected to an “expert assessment” of their blood purity before war's end underwent a renewed assessment of their productivity for German society after the war.

Characterisation of the Perseid meteoroid stream through SPOSH observations between 2010–2016

We have characterised the Perseid meteoroid stream from data acquired in a series of observing campaigns between 2010 and 2016. The data presented in this work were obtained by the Smart Panoramic Optical Sensor Head (SPOSH), an all-sky camera system designed to image faint transient noctilucent phenomena on dark planetary hemispheres. For the data reduction, a sophisticated software package was developed that utilises the high geometric and photometric quality of images obtained by the camera system. We identify 934 meteors as Perseids, observed over a long period between late July (~124°) and mid-to-late August (~147°). The maximum meteor activity contributing to the annual shower was found at λ⊙ = 140°.08 ± 0°.07. The radiant of the shower was estimated at RA = 47°.2 and Dec = 57°.5 with a median error of 0°.6 and 0°.2, respectively. The mean population index of the shower between solar longitudes of 120°.68 and 145°.19 was r = 2.36 ± 0.05, showing strong temporal variation. A predicted outburst in shower activity for the night of August 11–12, 2016 was confirmed, with a peak observed 12.75 hr before the annual maximum at 23:30 ± 15′ UT. We measure a peak flux of 6.1 × 10−4 km−2 hr−1 for meteoroids of mass 1.6 × 10−2 g or more, appearing in the time period between 23:00 and 00:00 UT. We estimate the measured flux of the outburst meteoroids to be approximately twice as high as the annual meteoroid flux of the same mass. The population index of r = 2.19 ± 0.08, computed from the outburst Perseids in 2016, is higher than the value of r = 1.92 ± 0.06 derived from meteors observed in 2015 belonging to the annual Perseid shower which was active near the time of the outburst. A dust trail with an unusually high population index of r = 3.58 ± 0.24 was encountered in 2013 between solar longitudes 136°.261 and 137°.442. The relatively high r-value implies an encounter with a dust trail rich in low-mass particles.

New BVR photometric observations and light curve analysis of eclipsing binary V700 Cyg

New CCD observations of eclipsing binary V700 Cyg were carried out in BVR filters during two nights in August 2017. Using the Binary Maker 3.0 and PHOEBE 0.31a softwares, the BVR light curves were analyzed and absolute parameters were determined. Our solutions show that the V700 Cyg is a W-type contact binary with mass ratio of q=0.54 and the degree of overcontact is f=17.9%. The asymmetric light curves in the maxima are explained by one cool spot on the secondary component. The positions of both components of V700 Cyg are shown in H-R and M-L diagrams, which indicate that the more massive component may be evolved main sequence star. The orbital period of eclipsing binary V700 Cyg was analyzed based on all times of minima from 1994 to 2017 (including new eclipse times). Analysis of the O–C curve shows that the orbital period of V700 Cyg is decreasing at a rate of dP/dt=−1.39×10−7dyr−1. This decreasing period can be interpreted by mass transfer from the more massive component to the less massive one. The cyclic variation in the O–C curve is probably due to the existence of a third body in the system with a period of 12.6 years and it can be probably a red dwarf.

Bitch

Bitch Chris Siteman (bio) for ML It was an August afternoon so far gone it crept towards early evening. I was working the door at The Mission, a bar at the base of Boston's Mission Hill. I stood just outside the propped-open front door, which looked to have been taken from a medieval keep—thick oak slabs with black riveted steel banding as hinges, and a wrought-iron-caged "speak-easy" window cut at eye level. The Mission (caféwindowed, black lacquer paint, dark wood, exposed brick) stood where had been, for decades and up until about two years prior, a dodgy neighborhood nightspot called The Choppin' Block: the kind of place with wall-to-wall red-carpeted floors to hide spilled blood, and where the bartenders readily snorted coke in plain view. The customers who frequented The Choppin' Block assumed they could come into The Mission and behave as they'd always done: drug deals, sex work, gang disputes, beatdowns. I worked at The Mission the first year the newly remodeled spot opened under new ownership with its new name. So, I was there for the whole learning curve when, especially on the [End Page 165] weekends, especially during the hour leading up to last call, the place bustled with a rowdily drunken and dancing crowd. And while for the most part the place was otherwise quiet, the bar simmered and occasionally popped off with violence during that last late hour. That August also marked the end of my first full year in graduate school, and the night ahead was to be my last shift at the bar before I started my first semester teaching at a nearby university. Not only was it my last door shift, and the last shift of a long year at a new bar in a tough neighborhood, but my marriage had fallen apart the previous summer, and I found myself living in an overpriced, cramped, Mission Hill studio. In fact, had it not been for the end of my marriage, I might never have stepped foot in The Mission. I knew I needed a job to work my way through the semesters ahead, and when I walked down to the corner bar for a beer one night, I met one of the co-owners. Well-tanned, trim, fidgety, mid- to late-forties, a fairly thick French-Iranian accent, hair already gone more or less entirely silvery-gray, he told me he was looking for staff. I told him I'd just started grad school, but had a background working doors. He bought me a beer, we talked a while, and he hired me. That year proved to be a long period of harsh self-assessment, of struggling to cope with emotional turmoil: living alone for the first time in years, writing, reading, eating nothing but take-out, classes during days, more writing, eating alone; reading while eating; reading while riding the bus or T; reading on the toilet; reading deep into the night; sleeping on a futon mattress on the floor; late nights working the bar; drinking after hours when the bar shut down; a handful of sunrises with women I met while I was working at the bar; the way those encounters left me feeling emptier than I began; sleeping alone; even if someone else was there, sleeping alone; alone. But after I clocked out and locked the door at the end of that night in August, I would start making my way as a professor. I remember thinking that if I never bounced another shift in my life it would be a very fine thing. It wasn't even really a thought. Rather, it was an ache to be free of sloppy drunks, junkies, fistfights, and all the rest of the deeply saddening nonsense that came along with the job. [End Page 166] As I stood on the sidewalk the August air clung humidly thick in the way only crowded brick-and-mortar coastal cities get near the end of summer: day after day absorbing heat, giving it back off at night when static air smothers like a wet blanket in a hot oven. I looked out over Roxbury...

Mále and the Masks

Mále and the Masks Francisco Proaño Arandi (bio) Translated from the Spanish by Paul Hendricks We'll see, Mále thinks, we'll see if it's worth it: 15 years ago, when I left everything behind, husband, son, what was I trying to accomplish? Wasn't it precisely to break with those two illusions: she herself, that is, she as she was then, what they had made of her up to that point, and, on the other hand, the world, that world? That Taliban-esque world: relatives, parents, husband, everyone? What did they mean, with respect to what did words such as disaster, loneliness, uncertainty, reconciliation, salvation, have any meaning? Did she exist, she herself, 15 years ago? Isn't she now herself? She managed to understand it during the darkest, most exalted phases of her life with Rafael. She understands it now, as she moves closer to the naked body of this illegitimate and hopeless archangel, Javier, and feels that she has plunged into a complete 180-degree turn. The only possible maneuver now is to fall. The only dictates she follows now are her own. And she can even project an image of piety and disdain toward the surrounding reality; an image, she tells herself, like the one that guilt-ridden and apologetic foreigners must recognize in the absolute outcasts on the streets of Calcutta or Madras transfigured by the illumination of two qualities: their total exposure and nothingness. But a year ago, she could still manage those mistaken concepts, the ones that led her that night in August to the bar that, like a symbol, lay outside—barely a few meters away, but still, outside, excluded—the territory of the condominium. Her 20-year-old son, who until recently had been living with her, had gone back to live with his father in order to pursue a university [End Page 356] degree. In reality, judged by certain parameters, the situation had been a complete disaster, and the boy's father had demanded custody. He was probably right to do so, in any case, Mále thought. The possibility of stabilizing herself—what a ridiculous piece of jargon, she thought—with a man with whom she had had a few encounters—intense, certainly, if intermittent—during the past 10 years, had vanished. Dr. Roberto Martínez, though attractive, as well as sympathetic to her in attitude and outlook, and even in those dreams of rebellious availability in the face of the established order, could never take the definitive step she was hoping for: that of breaking up his marriage, a step that would have included, as a fatal corollary, Martínez's flight from his family and an orbit which, it was obvious, he didn't really want to leave, as Mále had done, or had been forced to do, 15 years ago. All in all, it was only destiny: destiny unfolding, no longer in the most surprising ways, but rather the most obvious and predictable ones. Perhaps that explains the success of the many diviners and readers of cards populating the city, Mále reflects: the predictability of destiny, its routines, its endless repetition. She still feels the pressure of the events of 15 years ago—not only in the rupture inside her, but in its cause, the ensuing loss of customary rituals. To begin with, she, Mále, was the one who had left their home; what's more, she made it known why. It's simple, she had explained, my husband is an idiot and I'm his servant, an idiot's cook, his lover, the lover of someone who lacks all sexual imagination, and yet, at the same time, his sexual object, his housekeeper, his secretary taking down his messages, the cleaning lady, and so on. He panics or gets upset if I discover any other desires for anything else. He even gets scared if we're having sex and I ask for or insinuate the exploration of anything other than the most ordinary acts. You act like a whore, he says. And he gets furious and even mistreats me. He's even convinced that an attitude like mine deserves...

Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations

The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at developing Ultra-Violet (UV) fluorescence telescopes for efficient detections of Extensive Air Showers (EASs) induced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from satellite orbit. In order to demonstrate key technologies for JEM-EUSO, we constructed the EUSO-Balloon instrument that consists of a ∼1 m2 refractive telescope with two Fresnel lenses and an array of multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes at the focus. Distinguishing it from the former balloon-borne experiments, EUSO-Balloon has the capabilities of single photon counting with a gate time of 2.3 µs and of imaging with a total of 2304 pixels. As a pathfinder mission, the instrument was launched for an 8 h stratospheric flight on a moonless night in August 2014 over Timmins, Canada. In this work, we analyze the count rates over ∼2.5 h intervals. The measurements are of diffuse light, e.g. of airglow emission, back-scattered from the Earth’s atmosphere as well as artificial light sources. Count rates from such diffuse light are a background for EAS detections in future missions and relevant factor for the analysis of EAS events. We also obtain the geographical distribution of the count rates over a ∼780 km2 area along the balloon trajectory. In developed areas, light sources such as the airport, mines, and factories are clearly identified. This demonstrates the correct location of signals that will be required for the EAS analysis in future missions. Although a precise determination of count rates is relevant for the existing instruments, the absolute intensity of diffuse light is deduced for the limited conditions by assuming spectra models and considering simulations of the instrument response. Based on the study of diffuse light by EUSO-Balloon, we also discuss the implications for coming pathfinders and future space-based UHECR observation missions.

Reproductive Sovereignty in Soviet and American Socialism during the Great Depression

It was a warm summer night in August 1935 when Dorothy Sherwood walked into the Newburgh, New York police station with her son’s murdered body. Earlier that day, Sherwood took her 2-year-old son Ji...

Photometry of near earth asteroid Florence (3122)

Purpose. The purpose of this work is investigation of asteroid period of own rotation in moment of its close approach to Earth. Increased brightness of the object create an opportunity to find hidden new aspects of asteroid surface based on higher signal noise ratio and better precision of photometry. Methods . In this work we use methods of CCD photometry. Observations were made on two telescopes with diameter 40 and 35 cm at different observatories. Results. Photometry of near Earth asteroid Florence (3122) is performed during two nights in August and two nights in September 2017 from observatories in west of Ukraine — Laboratory of space research of Uzhhorod National University and amateur observatory in Ternopil. Brief overview of Florence period determination by other authors is given. Light curves obtained from observation data are presented. Periods of asteroid rotation were defined by MPO Canopus software. Conclusions. Determined periods of rotation confirm previously published values. Presented period precisions are better than published before. Two different periods obtained on two observation sessions. Reasons of these results are described. No hidden aspects of asteroid surface were identified because of too fast phase angle change, also two light curves is not enough for such task salvation.

Physical Responses of Convective Heavy Rainfall to Future Warming Condition: Case Study of the Hiroshima Event

An extreme precipitation event happened at Hiroshima in 2014. Over 200 mm of total rainfall was observed on the night of August 19th, which caused floods and many landslides. The rainfall event was estimated to be a rare event happening once in approximately 30 years. The physical response of this event to the change of the future atmospheric condition, which includes a temperature increase on average and convective stability change, is investigated in the present study using a 27-member ensemble experiment and pseudo global warming downscaling method. The experiment is integrated using the Japan Meteorological Research Institute non-hydrostatic regional climate model. A very high-resolution horizontal grid, 500 m, is used to reproduce dense cumulonimbus cloud formation causing heavy rainfall in the model. The future climate condition determined by a higher greenhouse gas concentration is prescribed to the model, in which the surface air temperature globally averaged is 4 K warmer than that in the preindustrial era. The total amounts of precipitation around the Hiroshima area in the future experiments are closer to or slightly lower than in the current experiments in spite of the increase in water vapor due to theatmospheric warming. The effect of the water vapor increase on extreme precipitation is found to be canceled out by the suppression of convection due to the thermal stability enhancement. The fact that future extreme precipitation like the Hiroshima event is not intensified is in contrast to the well-known result that extreme rainfall tends to be intensified in the future. The results in the present study imply that the response of extreme precipitation to global warming differs for each rainfall phenomenon.

Noctilucent cloud particle size determination based on multi-wavelength all-sky analysis

The article deals with the analysis of color distribution in noctilucent clouds (NLC) in the sky based on multi-wavelength (RGB) CCD-photometry provided with the all-sky camera in Lovozero in the north of Russia (68.0°N, 35.1°E) during the bright expanded NLC performance in the night of August 12, 2016. Small changes in the NLC color across the sky are interpreted as the atmospheric absorption and extinction effects combined with the difference in the Mie scattering functions of NLC particles for the three color channels of the camera. The method described in this paper is used to find the effective monodisperse radius of particles about 55 nm. The result of these simple and cost-effective measurements is in good agreement with previous estimations of comparable accuracy. Non-spherical particles, Gaussian and lognormal distribution of the particle size are also considered.

Emotions, Cognition, and Collective Alignment: A Response to Collins

Emotions, Cognition, and Collective Alignment: A Response to Collins

Psychological and social consequences of earthquakes in central Italy. Experience in the <em>Ambito Territoriale Sociale XXIV</em> of the Marche Region, November 2016.

The hospital of Amandola was evacuated on the night of August 24, as was the annexed RSA, and was at that time the most important public building hit by the earthquake in the Marche Region. The hospital is a centuries-old institution serving an area much larger than the eleven municipalities of ATS 24, and includes more than 20,000 inhabitants of the provinces of Ascoli Piceno Fermo and Macerata and falls within the typology of mountain hospitals. The quake of October 30 determined the closure of outpatient services that were still active and of the dialysis service that had just resumed functioning. At the same time, a first aid station was set up in the area of Amandola called Pian di contro, together with a blood collection point for the most immediate needs of the population.

One night in august: the interstate bridge collapse in Minneapolis

One night in august: the interstate bridge collapse in Minneapolis

Optical meteor fluxes and application to the 2015 Perseids

This paper outlines new methods to measure optical meteor fluxes for showers and sporadic sources. Many past approaches have found the collecting area of a detector at a fixed 100 km altitude, but this approach considers the full volume, finding the area in two km height intervals based on the position of the shower or sporadic source radiant and the population's velocity. Here, the stellar limiting magnitude is found every 10 minutes during clear periods and converted to a limiting meteor magnitude for the shower or sporadic source having fluxes measured, which is then converted to a limiting mass. The final output is a mass limited flux for meteor showers or sporadic sources. Presented are the results of these flux methods as applied to the 2015 Perseid meteor shower as seen by the Meteoroid Environment Office's eight wide-field cameras. The peak Perseid flux on the night of August 13, 2015, was measured to be 0.002989 meteoroids/km2/hr down to 0.00051 grams, corresponding to a ZHR of 100.7.

MASSIVE FISH MORTALITY IN ISMARIDA LAKE, GREECE: IDENTIFICATION OF DRIVERS CONTRIBUTING TO THE FISH KILL EVENT

During the end of August 2013, a massive fish mortality occurred in Ismarida Lake, a small and shallow system of Northern Greece, where approximately 10-18 tons of euryhaline fish died. This study attempts to describe the event of this fish kill or Massive Fish Mortality (MFM) that occurred in Ismarida Lake during the night of August 28, 2013, and to identify the possible drivers that may have triggered this event. A combined hydrographic, ichthyological and phytoplankton survey were carried out along with a toxicological analysis. Finally, the study proposes both short-term and long-term measures for the management of both quality and quantity of the water (ground and surface) resources in the broader basin of Ismarida Lake.